The Copan Leader. (Copan, Okla.), Vol. 1, No. 11, Ed. 1 Friday, April 7, 1916 Page: 3 of 8
This newspaper is part of the collection entitled: The Copan Leader and was provided to The Gateway to Oklahoma History by the Oklahoma Historical Society.
Extracted Text
The following text was automatically extracted from the image on this page using optical character recognition software:
THE COPAN LEADER
Miss Iris Ford, one of the reign-
ing favorites in London society and
frequently referred to as a "Diana of
the Buckinghamshire hunts,” is among
the women of the empire who have
undertaken menial tasks as their con-
tribution to the defense of the country
against the Teutonic allies. Miss
Ford is a helper in one of the remount
depots established by the war depart-
ment for the care and training of
horses destined for service at the
front.
Miss Ford, along with her com-
panions, reports at the stable at 7
a. m., and works until six o'clock in
the evening. They have not only to
"break" the animals with vicious ten-
dencies and hostility to mounts, but
also to clean them of mud and dirt
and preserve the sanitary conditions
of the stables. There Is at the depot
where Miss Ford Is enlisted, near
Maidenhead, as well as all other re-
mount establishments, what is termed a "head lad," who in every Instance Is
a woman, for at none of the remount stations is there a man to do any part
of the work. Miss Ford's chief is a well-known hunting woman with execu-
tive ability and approved nerve, who Is herself neither ashamed nor afraid
to do any of the rough work she expects from the assistants.
Practically all these women have taken up the habit of riding astride,
sidesaddles being unknown in these depots.
Tf
,
A Good Rabbit Trap Which Explains Itself.
Senator George T. Oliver of Penn-
sylvania was left an orphan when a
i-ere lad and was reared by an older
brother and his wife. The latter was
only abot t eight years older than
George, but she came to regard him
ai a son. She always referrad to him
as "Little George," and this continued
long after "Little George" had reached
manhood. Even after he was married
she felt as if she ougln. to see that his
face and hands were clean.
In 1900, after the congressional re-
apportionment, Oliver was prominent-
ly mentioned for congressman-at-large,
ills brother went home one day in
high spirits over the prospects of a
really, truly congressman in the fam-
ily
“Looks as if they’re going to send
George to congress,” he told his wife.
She seemed strangely lacking in en-
thusiasm.
“Aren’t you glad to hear of
George's good luck?” her husband asked.
"Ye-es,” she murmured, reflectively,
enough to go to congress
(By D. C. MOORING.)
Rabbits are very particular as to
what they eat, and feed only on vege-
table matter. They prefer the more
succulent kinds, such as vegetables,
clover, alfalfa and fallen fruit. When
none of these foods are available, they
often eat the bark of trees, especially
when snow covers other food.
It is very easy to prevent rabbits
from injuring trees, and all cases of
damage are due to neglect rather than
to a lack of efficient remedies. Your
premises should not afTord hiding
places for rabbits such as brush piles.
This is not meant to include green
cover crop in the orchard. An or-
chard with a cover crop above the
snow is seldom if ever Injured.
Traps are very effective in catching
rabbits. The more traps you have the
better. This is not so economical a
method as poisoning for protecting
the trees, but it furnishes amusement
for the children and also provides
meat for the table.
There are two general ways of poi-
soning rabbits. (1) By placing poi-
soned water in their runs, especially
during dry weather. (2) By placing
poisoned food where they can get it.
The following, which was originally
recommended by the Ohio station, has
given satisfaction: One part sulphate
of strychnine, one-third part borax,
one part white soap, ten parts water.
Shake well and apply to tender twigs
with a brush or by dipping and dis-
tribute the poisoned twigs around the
trees.
There have been a number of washes
and paints of various kinds recom-
mended as being effective against rab-
bits. The disadvantage of these
washes is that heavy rains wash them
off and make it necessary to repeal
the application. It is not difficult t<
find or devise preparations which wil
keep rabbits away. Rabbits are very
particular about their food, and any
taint on the tree will keep them from
injuring it. The following has been
recommended by the Oklahoma sta
tion and found very satisfactory:
"Water, one gallon; one pound of soap;
two to four ounces of carbolic acid.”
Some prefer to add enough vermilion
red to give the mixture a good pink
color and the consistency of cream
This is painted on the trunk of the
trees with a brush or swab of rags
tied to a stick.
Another wash, which has given sat
isfaction, is made by Blacking one
peck of fresh stone lime with soap
suds. Thin to the consistency of
whitewash, add one-half gallon of
crude carbolic acid, four pounds sul-
phur and one gallon of soft soap.
The United States department of ag
riculture recommends the lime-sluphur
wash as giving satisfactory results.
This wash consists of: Unslaked lime,
20 pounds; flowers of sulphur, 15
pounds; water, 50 gallons. The lime
sulphur and one-third of the water are
boiled together for one hour, and then
the rest of the water is added. By add-
ing salt the wash will stick better.
The Arkansas experiment station
has found that painting the trunks of
the trees with white lead and linseed
oil gave very satisfactory results.
Mixed paints should not be substituted
as they may contain oils which would
injure the trees. One advantage of
thiB mixture is that one application is
sufficient for the entire season.
t-—• •». ■ .1 . t.
I Hopes Women Will l
Adopt This Habit j
As Well As Men J
Duroc-Jer»*y Boar In Field Condition.
CONSTRUCTION OF A SEED-CORN TESTER
“But do you think George is old
years.
Little George" was then a sturdy and promising little chap of fifty-two
QUITS LIFE-SAVING SERVICE
After fifty-four years of service
to the government of the United
States, Sumner I. Kimball has retired
at the age of eighty-one.
For thirty years he was at the
head of the United States coast guard
and live-saving service.
In accepting his application for re-
tirement, President Wilson paid him
a beautiful tribute, holding him up to
the admiration of his fellows for the
development of the wonderful hu-
manitarian system of life saving
from its Infancy. The president said:
“I desire to extend to you my fe-
licitations upon the closing of your
active career in the public service
with' which you have been identified
for more than half a century, and to
aVail myself of this opportunity to
express the interest I feel in writing
into effect the mandate of congress
which carries for you so signal an
honor in recognition of your distin-
guished service at the head of the life-saving service of the United States.
"Y'ou have been charged with the conduct of affairs of the humanitarian
branch of the government from its infancy. Its growth and development
from the few straggling improvised stations Into an organization commanding
the respect and admiration, not only of our own people, but of the entire
civilized world, reflect the wisdom of your administration, and it must be
gratifying to you to feel assured that the improvement in the condition of the
personnel by the inclusion of the service in the recently recreated coast guard
will result in securing the high standing of efficiency which it has always
teen your earnest endeavor to maintain."
There Is no more modest man in Washington than Superintendent Kim-
ball, and when he was asked to comment upon his record he said: "1 may have
earned some credit, but I certainly do not deserve all of the encomiums that
nave been heaped upon me."
(Prepared by the United States Depart-
ment of Agriculture.)
The farrowing pen should provide a
quiet, safe and comfortable place for
the sow. Light, cleanliness and free-
dom from dampness and drafts are es-
sential. A guard rail should be pro-
vided to keep the sow from crushing
the pigs.
Feeding the sow so that she is prop-
erly nourished and not overfat is the
mest important of the herdsman's du-
ties. She should have succulent feeds,
such as pasture or forage in summer,
and in winter bran or other laxative
feeds should be given, so that consti-
pation and fever may be less likely to
develop.
The feed for the sow at farrowing
time should be sloppy and limited in
amount. Nothing but lukewarm water
should be given to the sow during 24
hours previous to farrowing. This
same rule should be observed after
farrowing. The first 24 hours after
farrowing the sow should have no feed
but should be given a liberal drink of
warm water. If, however, she shows
signs of hunger a thin slop of bran
and middlings should be given. The
feeding for the first three or four days
should be light and the time consumed
in getting the sow on full feed should
be from a week to ten days, depend-
ing on the size and thrift of the litter.
There is no place equal to good
pasture for the brood sow and her lit-
ter. Alfalfa, clover, rape, oats, rye,
vetch, peas, or native pasture afford
succulent nutritious feeds which
keep both sow and pigs in good condi-
tion. Little pigs will learn to eat the
forage with the sow at about ten
days of age if they have some palat-
able pasture.
Sunlight and clean, dry sleepinf
pens aid materially in starting the
pigs off and in securing rapid, econom-
ical growth. Feed the sows well and
the little pigs will soon learn to eat
of their mother's feed. Cause both
the sow and pigs to take plenty of
exercise whether or not on forage or
pasture crops.
The dry sow or bred sow should be
handled as economically as possible.
so they should have pasture and he
fed a well-balanced ration, and Just
enough of it to keep them in good con-
dition without permitting them to be-
come fat. As farrowing time ap-
proaches the sows Bhould be separated
in order to prevent their crowding or
injuring one another.
The Herd Boar.
The herd boar is best handled by
giving him a pasture lot by himself.
His feed should be liberal enough to
keep him in good breeding condition
only. This will be very light when he
is not in use for breeding purposes,
but during the breeding season his
feed should be increased. His ration
should consist of some high-protein
feeds along with mill feeds and a lit-
tle corn. The care of the boar is im-
portant because of his relative impor-
tance in the herd, and his care, quar-
ters, feed and watering should be care-
fully seen to and provided.
Shotes.
The term shote is applied to all
swine from the time the pig reaches
weaning age until the fattening or
breeding age is reached. Pigs should
be weaned at from eight to thirteen
weeks, depending on whether or not
the sows are to be bred again. It is
always wise to have them taught to
eat well before weaning in order that
the rate of gain may not be checked.
Weaning should be done gradually,
the sow's feed being reduced to cause
her to dry up properly and at the
same time increasing the feed for the
pigs. The pigs at this age should have
a ration rather high in protein and
low in carbohydrates.
The boar pigs should be castrated
between six and eight weeks of age
before they are weaned. The young-
er the pig the less the shock and pos-
sibly the less check in growth. If a
pig is still sucking its dam when cas-
tration takes place the chances are
that it will be more thrifty and in
better condition than if castrated im-
mediately after weaning. Spaying the
females is not advisable under mod-
ern conditions and will not be found
profitable enough to Justify the risk
of the operation.
I ♦ - t
1 Glass of hot water each morn- *
ing helps ua look and feel !
clean, sweet, fresh. ?
I ’ *
Happy, bright, alert—vigorous and
vivacious—a good clear skin; a nat-
: ural, rosy complexion and freedom
j from illness are assured only by clean,
healthy blood. If only every woman
[ and likewise every man could realize
the wonders of drinking phosphated
j hot water each morning, what a grat-
J ifying change would take place.
Instead of the thousands of sickly,
anaemic-looking men, women and
girls with pasty or muddy complex-
ions; Instead of the multitudes of
“nerve wrecks," "rundowns," "brain
fags" and pessimists we should see a
virile, optimistic throng of rosy-
cheeked people everywhere.
An inside bath is had by drinking,
each morning before breakfast, a glass
of real hot water with a teaspoonful
of limestone phosphate in it to wash
from the stomach, liver, kidneys and
ten yards of bowels the previous day's
indigestible waste, sour fermentations
and poisons, thus cleansing, sweeten-
ing and freshening the entire alimen-
tary canal before putting more food
into the stomach.
Those subject to sick headache, bil-
iousness, nasty breath, rheumatism,
colds; and particularly those who
have a pallid, sallow complexion and
who are constipated very often, are
urged to obtain a quarter pound of
limestone phosphate from any drug-
gist or at the store which will cost
but a trifle but is sufficient to demon-
! strate the quick and remarkable
change in both health and appearance
awaiting those who practice internal
sanitation. We must remember that
inside cleanliness is more important
than outside, because the skin does
not absorb impurities to contaminate
the blood, while the pores in the thir-
ty feet of bowels do.—Adv.
Big Families Scarce.
Big families are the exception now
instead of the rule. But there is the
i Sarnia family of Woodland, Cal. The
! head of the household, Lucio Sarnia,
j is the parent of twenty-four children.
The last, but probably not least, of his
flock has just arrived, and is lined up
on the side of the brother minority.
Sarnia is the father of twenty-one girls
and three boys, and has been married
twice. He is sixty-two years old, while
his wife is but twenty. Notwithstand-
ing her youthfulness, she is the moth-
er of five children.
Serviceable Tester for Seed Corn.
A shallow box filled with sand makes
4 serviceable tester for corn. Near the
upper edge wires or threads are
stretched in both directions, forming
i number qf squares. The box is filled
with moist sand up to the level of
:hese wires or threads, and on this
laud the seed grains are laid, and cov-
sred to keep from drying out. It is
tovered with muslin, drawn tightly
ind tacked, on which two-inch squares,
?ach one numbered, are marked writh
in indelible pencil. A box 20x40 inches
would have 200 squares.
A plain, moistened cloth is placed
FORAGE CROPS ARE PRACTICAL POINTS
FAVORED FOR HOGS FOR A POULTRYMAN
BELIEF HAS
BEENj’ERMANENT
Say* Cardui Built Up System When
Other Medicines Failed. Believes
It Saved Her Life.
over the kernels, and a sack made for
the purpose and partially filled with
sawdust, about two inches thick, is
placed on top of the cloth and pressed
down firmly.
The tester should be placed where
it will be held at ordinary room tem-
perature, or warmer, for five or six
days.
The ears from which the four sam-
ples—four, five and six grains—have
been taken should be arranged in sec-
tions of tens to correspond with sec-
tions of tester, and where they will be
undisturbed after test is finished.
TENT CATERPILLAR ; DIVERSITY ON FARM
DOES MUCH DAMAGE IS MOST PROFITABLE
Those who attended the Baltimore
convention four years ago will never
forget that slim, -tudlous figure which,
v 1th remarkable oratorical and dis-
putative ability, led the fight for Wil-
son in the Ohio delegation. He broke
the unit rule and prevented the wast-
ing of the men from tne northern part
it the state on Judson Harmon, the
favorite son.
It Is not too much to say that
Woodrow Wilson might nover have
been president of the United States
had. it not been for this plucky battle
of Newton D. Baker. The Cleveland
leader had been the original Wilson
man In Ohio and many years before -
student under Wilson in Johns Hop-
kins university, In the very city whero
thu convention was held.
Added to persona! affection, Mr.
Wilson thus four years ago Incurred
a political debt. This debt he now re-
pays by g-vlng Mr. Baker n post, If
not of great ease or financial emolument, certainly of immense responsibility
and opportunity to display creative and administrative talent of the highest
order.
Mr. Wilson's second war secretary, like his first, Is a lawyer of the high
est caliber. Unlike Mr. Garrison, however. Mr. Baker Is a politician of well-
earned repute. He Is studious by Inclination, but by occupation a rough and-
tumble fighter.
Into Mr. Baker’s hands will be put the execution of the preparedness
plan for the army which congress is quite certain to enact this session. He
Is not acquainted with the details of army organization, but with his remark-
able mind he will probably grasp his problem as quickly as any civilian
would—and war secretaries are almost Invariably drawn from civil life.
Whether he will have sympathy with army alms and army feelings Is
more in doubt. For several months he has supported the president's pre-
paredness stand, as he has all the other prominent Wilson policies. He was
originally an avowed little navy and little army man and Is believed to have
been convinced of the Justice of the opposite side's position about the same
time as the president Mr. Baker still Is a member of several peace societies.
He says he will retain membership tn these societies,
Insect Was in Great Evidence
Last Year, and Promises More
Destruction This Summer.
The apple tree caterpillar which was
n great evidence last year Is promis-
ng more destruction during the com-
ng season. Prof. M. A. Cobb of the
igrlcultural department of the Cen-
ral Michigan Normal school finds that
here are millions of egg masses fas-
:ened on the limbs of the fruit and
!crest trees. These masses can be
! fathered and destroyed at this season
| jf the year, and it will do much to
•educe the number of the pests that
:ome out next season.
Last year many orchards were near-
: -y defoliated by the tent caterpillar
1 ind large apple trees were found
which contained from two to fifteen
j :ents. The growers often burned them
nut with torches before they had con-
sumed all the foliage on the tree, but
the difficult work In thickly infested
j orchards and where the egg masses
:an be destroyed, that is the surest
way of reducing the number of the
, troublesome pest.
Get Good Seed.
Don't purchase the lowest-priced
seed. In nine cases out of ten the
highest-priced seed is by far the
cheapest. The seed doesn't cost much,
after all. In proportion to the labor put
on plants, once they start. A full crop
Is Important, and possible only with
good seed.
Opportunity Given for Crop Rota-
tion and for Maintenance of
Fertility of the Soil.
(By ALVA BENTON, University Farm,
St. Paul, Minn.)
Farm records show, and good farm-
ers agree In general, that diversified
farming is most profitable. Diversified
farming means raising live stock and
various kinds of crops. Diversified
farming gives opportunity for crop ro-
tation, for distribution of man and
horse labor, and for the maintenance
of soil fertility. All of these are es-
sential to good farming. Crop rotation
aids in maintaining crop yields and
soil fertility; the distribution of labor
reduces the cost of operation; the
maintenance of soil fertility is the ba-
sis of all successful agriculture.
Diversified farming is of great im-
portance because it gives the farmer
an opportunity to carry out all the best
farm practices.
Is your farming properly diversified?
Cost of Farm Tractor.
In considering the cost of the trac-
tor on the farm it is necessary to con-
sider the items of operation, efficiency,
upkeep cost and possible length of
service.
Clover Pasture Affords One of
Cheapest Substitutes for
Grain for Swine.
(By ANDREW BOSS, Colleee of Agricul-
ture, University of Minnesota.)
The profits from next year’s hog
crop depend on getting an eaYly start
and a good growth on the spring pigs.
Grain feed is likely to be scarce and
high priced on account of the loss of
the com crop last fall. Good forage
can be made to go a long way toward
taking the place of grain In maintain-
ing the brood sow and starting the
spring litter of pigs. Records of gains
show that an acre of clover will give
as large a gain on hogs as 1,400 fat
1,800 pounds of shorts.
If good clover pasture can be pro-
vided, It will be one of the cheapest
substitutes for grain that can be found.
If provision for clover pasture or for
forage crops has not been made, sub-
stitute crops can be grown. One of
the best substitutes is a mixture of a
bushel of oats and lVs> bushels of Can-
ada field peas. These should be sown
lust as early as the ground Is ready
to receive the seed. They will make
a good pasture in five or six weeks.
Dwarf Essex rape is also a popular
hog forage. This may be sown early,
also, though it grows faster when not
sown until the ground is reasonably
warm. A mixture of half a bushel of
oats, three pounds of Dwarf Essex
rape and two pounds of medium-red
clover sown on an acre of ground
about May 1 will make splendid sum-
mer feed after the middle of June. To
follow this, com sown in drills 36
Inches apart with rape sown broadcast
after the com has been cultivated
once or twice will make excellent late
summer and early fall feed, especially
tor the growing pigs.
By the use of these forage crops,
very much can be done to stimulate
the growth of the pigs and to put
them in good condition for fall fatten-
ing. If a small amount of shorts and
some skim milk can be provided for
the young pig* with the forage, excel-
lent gains will be made.
Least Profitable Machine.
In farm work the machine that lasts
the longest, in years, Is generally the
least profitable. This Is because It Is
the number of acres covered per year,
rather than years In life, which deter-
mines the profitableness of an Imple-
ment.
Provide Bedding for Cows.
If the bedding is used up, do not let
the cows go without, but draw a few
loads of sawdust. With clean plat-
forms, this material will keep them
from being soiled.
Spray to Control Worms.
There is no longer any more ques-
tion regarding the control of worms
affecting apples, or other fruit. Spray-
ing will do the work.
Ship Potatoes in Sacks.
There Is great economy in shipping
potatoes In sacks, and trustworthy
grading which would make sacked po-
tatoes acceptable would reduce the
middleman cost to the benefit of both
farmer and consumer.
Whole Flock Should Be Kept in
as Near Perfect State of
Health as Possible.
'By LESLIE E. CARD, Connecticut Ag-
ricultural College.)
Keep the whole flock in as near a
perfect state of health as possible, as
eggs are often infected from a diseased
j condition of the hen and will not then
i keep as well.
Give enough shell-forming food to
the hens so that the shells will b»
strong and uniform In thickness. Thin-
shelled eggs do not keep well.
Make proper nesting places and
keep them clean so that the eggs may
not be infected while in the nests.
Gather the eggs each day.
Keep the gathered eggs In a dry,
cool room or cellar where the sun’s
rays do not fall directly upon them.
Preserve only absolutely fresh eggs.
Stale eggs will not keep In any pre-
servative. Place eggs in the preserv-
ative within twenty-four hours after
the time they are laid. If in doubt
as to their freshness, candle them, or
see if they sink when placed In a
dish of pure water. If an egg sinks
it is reasonably fresh.
Do not preserve dirty eggs nor eggs
that have been washed. The washed
egg will not keep because the shell
has been moistened, and the dirty eggs
will become tainted In flavor.
Do not try to keep eggs longer than
one year.
Do not use the same liquid more
than once. A new lot is cheaper than
a case of spoiled eggs.
Rinse the eggs in water after re-
moving from the preservative. If in
good condition when removed from
water-glass solution they will usually
remain for at least two weeks.
Water-glass eggs are practically as
good as fresh eggs for all cooking pur-
poses. If It is desired to boll them,
prick a small hole through the large
end of the shell before placing them
in the water. The pores of the shell
have been sealed by the water-glass
solution and without this pin hole the
expanding air within the shell would
burst it.
Soil for Vegetables.
Most vegetables need rich, well-
worked soil. Hawing this, and add-
ing thorough cultivation and care, any-
one can have a number-one garden.
Look Over Implements.
It Is not too early to look over the
j cultivation Implements, and have the
j repairs ordered and everything put ln-
i to shape for operation.
Don’t Let Farm Wear Out.
Manage the farm so it won't wear
out—return all stalks, straw and ma-
nure to the soil, and grow legumes.
Obtain Vigorous Chick*.
To obtain good fertility and vigor-
ous chicks the breeders must have
ample exercise.
Prevent Mice From Working.
Tramp the snow about apple and
ornamental trees to prevent mice from
working at the base.
Sufficient Lime for Eggs.
Sufficient lime for seven dozen eggs
Is contained in a pound ot oyster
shills.
Hendersonville, N. C.—Mrs. M. A.
Redmon, of R. F. D. 1, this place,
writes: “I wish to state that before
having taken Cardui, my condition of
health was all run-down, and had been
that way ever since my marriage two
years ago last May. I only weighed
107 pounds. My average weight is
135 pounds. I had such awful pains
at times I could hardly go... I had
severe pains in my back and abdomen,
and could scarcely do my work... I
could not lift anything heavy.
"In November, 1913, I began taking
Cardui. 1 thought I would give it a
trial though my family doctor,-,
had set the date for an examination
of me... I saw my improvement after
taking the first bottle... I am getting
fat and well, and in March this year
I weighed 128 pounds... Your Cardui
tonic built up my system when all
other medicines failed. I feel and look
like a different person... I am still...
praising it to my friends,... for I can
truly say I believe it saved my life.
My relief from all pain has been per-
manent.”
If you are run-down in health and
need a tonic, take Cardui, the woman's
tonic. It will help you.
For sale by all druggists.
Overheard.
"Do you like planked shad?”
"I'd as soon eat a paper of pins.’*
SAVE A DOCTOR’S BILL
by keeping Mississippi Diarrhoea Cor-
dial handy for all stomach complaints.
Price 25c and 50c.—Adv.
A widow usually marries again Just
to satisfy herself that No. 2 will prove
as unsatisfactory as No. 1 did.
Sow Vegetable Seed.
Just as soon as the frost is well
out of the ground it will do to sow
onion seed and peas. Beets, early po-
tatoes, spinach, radishes and lettuce
may be planted early, too.
Do Not Blame Cow.
The cow gives her milk freely, but
there her responsibility for the butter
ceases. Therefore, when the butter is
bad. do not blame it on the cow.
Study Poultry Market
Good poultry raisers are not neces-
sarily good marketers. It will pay to
study the markets.
When
Appetite
Rebels
at mealtime, you can rest
assured there is weakness
some where in the diges-
tive system that calls
for immediate attention.
This suggests a trial of
HOSTETTER’S
Stomach Bitters
Poultry Season*. It helps Nature bring back the
Poultry culture has its seasons, appetite and aids digestion.
4?'
4
, ; y
&
I
•*«*-*1 a
I
M
Good management makes those sea-
son* cover the entire year
W. N. U„ Oklahoma City, No. 15-1916.
Upcoming Pages
Here’s what’s next.
Search Inside
This issue can be searched. Note: Results may vary based on the legibility of text within the document.
Tools / Downloads
Get a copy of this page or view the extracted text.
Citing and Sharing
Basic information for referencing this web page. We also provide extended guidance on usage rights, references, copying or embedding.
Reference the current page of this Newspaper.
The Copan Leader. (Copan, Okla.), Vol. 1, No. 11, Ed. 1 Friday, April 7, 1916, newspaper, April 7, 1916; Copan, Oklahoma. (https://gateway.okhistory.org/ark:/67531/metadc950522/m1/3/: accessed May 3, 2024), The Gateway to Oklahoma History, https://gateway.okhistory.org; crediting Oklahoma Historical Society.