Colony Courier (Colony, Okla.), Vol. 6, No. 46, Ed. 1 Thursday, August 5, 1915 Page: 2 of 8
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THE COLONY COURIER
THE GREAT BATTLE LINES IN THE WEST
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Th* »ru* ■•■•ral niutianl l» tte* Wnf, ■omllnn k»n ■■ Ike battle
•f Moas-Charlerol, atarted Aniuet M aad resulted la the defeat af the French
aad British. They retreated south of the Maras, where the seeoad general en-
gagement started September H. The llae af this date aa the map shows the
armies’ positions Just before the battle.
The Oensaa right wlag was broken np aad forced hack, bringing about
a retirement of the whole line. The Herman positions on September II, In the
midst of their retreat, ore shown on the map by a series of light rectangles,
while a raw of darkened rectangles Isyllcatea the carefully prepared trench
llae of the Alans where they stopped aad were attacked by the allies Septem-
hsr l a.
Both sides aow esteaded their lines toward the roast. I.lght squares
show the approximate position assumed September 30. By October 13 the
siege Hue wan complete from the Alps la the sea.
The line of September 30 also shows the Hermans’ great drive lata the
French llae across the Meuse at It. Mlblrl.
Crossed swords mark the spots of the entrenched siege lino where the
greatest struggles have taken place since October 13.
FIRST YEAR OF THE
WAR IN THE WEST
The flrst month and a half of the
western campaign was made up of
startling, swift moves. On September
12, after the defeat on the Marne, tho
Oermans took up defensive positions
along the Alsne river. The ten and a
half months since then hare seen a
long deadlock.
The battle line of the Alsne and the
Oise quickly extended northeast to the
aea. Fighting has been continuous,
with tremendous losses. The general
situation has remained unchanged,
gains of a few miles for one side at
one point offset by minor gains for
the enemy In other soctors.
At the beginning of August the
kaiser took possession of the little
State of Luxemburg and demanded
passage through Belgium to the Fran-
co-Belgtan frontier.
Permission to pass denied. Von
Elnem attacked Liege (August 4),
while other German armies passed
around tho city and swept over the
level Belgian roads at a terrific rate.
The little Belgian army ylolded Brus-
sels and fell back to Antwerp and
Ghent.
First Big Engagement.
Not until the Germans had almost
reached the French border did the
first Important engagement take place
This is generally known as the battle
of Mons-Cbarlerol (about August 20-
28), but at the same time there was
severe fighting along the whole line
through Thlonvllls In l.orralue and
along the Vosges In upper Alsace,
which the French had Invaded with
temporary success.
This buttle resulted In defeat for the
French and English.
While obtaining some successes In
counterattacks on the advancing Ger-
mans at Peronne and at Guise, tho
French were obliged to fall back rap-
idly to the line of the River Marne.
On the left the French had with-
drawn to below Paris nnd the western-
most German army, under Von Kluck,
followed.
The garrison of Paris was put In
thousands of motor cars and hurled on
Von Kluck's flank. The latter was not
taken entirely unawares and met the
attack strongly, but at the snmo time
the army of General Koch attacked the
German army on Von Kluck's left and
drove it back.
Driven Back From Paris.
Tho Germans lmd bogun the battle
with five armies In line. The with-
drawal of tho two farthest west now
caused the retreat of the third, fourth
and fifth In that order, each In turn
finding Its (lank exposed by the with-
drawal of the troops ou Its right. At
the same time the movement on the
east end of the German line was ac-
celerated by a strong attack from the
French fortified zone of Verdun.
The German retreat was an orderly
as that of the French and English had
been. The InvuderH took up an ad-
mirable defensive position. It rati
Just north of the Alsne river, on a
series of bluffs, then Just north of
Chalons and through the wooded,
rough regions of the Argontie nnd the
Woevre, Joining handH here with the
troops besieging Verdun. The allies
have tried this line in vain ever since.
Both combatants now tried to turn
tha west flunk. Enormous bodies of
cavalry. On the part of the French
Flanders. On the part of the French
there wae largely the desire to link up
with the Belgians, now being attacked
In Antwerp. The mighty siege guns
of the Germans made short work of
tho Belgian seaport, however, and It
fell on October 9. The remnants of
the Belgian army retreated along the
tea coast and the Germans In a final
rush reached Ostend (October 1&).
Line Extended to the 8ea.
The battle line of the Alsne was now
extended to (he sea. the Germans hold-
ing the Important French city of Lille,
while the hIIIps kept Ypres in Belgium
and. partly by flooding th* lowlands,
hold the position of the Y»or river and
c nul.
ri n October IS to November 10
was fought the irate Aral battle
of Ypres, when the Germans suffered
enormous losses In attempts to break
through the line In Flanders and reach
Calais. They succeeded In pushing
back the allies only a little and the
Invasion of Silesia by tho Cossacks
finally Induced them to desist and
send re-enforcements to Russia.
The Germans In September had per-
formed the feat of pushing a salient
Into the French line south of Verdun,
which terminated on the west bank of
the Meuse river at St. Mlhlel; while
the French had taken the offensive
with sora* success In Champagne at
about the same time.
For the most part throughout the
winter the fighting consisted of regu-
lar Blego warfare, with heavy artillery
combats and mine nnd counter-mine.
The flooding of tho River Alsne
from winter snows gave the Germans
a chance to entrap the French troops
on the north side of that river In the
vicinity of Solssons for a considerable
distance and kill or capture most of
them (January 14).
Take Offensive In Spring.
With the spring, the French and
English attempted to take the offensive
at several points. Always preparing
the way with tens or hundreds of thou-
shands of shells, they tried Joint after
Joint of the German armor.
In the Vosges the dominating height
of Hartmannswellerkopf was taken
and retaken Beveral times In sanguin-
ary charges and finally remained in the
bands of the French.
The salient of St. Mlhlel was also
subjected to tremendous French pres-
sure on both “legs." The French suc-
ceeded In gaining a little ground, but
the Germans, despite the apparent
weakness of the sharp wedge they had
driven Into the French line, could not
be dislodged and later succeeded In re-
gaining Borne of the territory they had
lost.
The British also sported "victories”
at Neuve Chapelle and Hill No. 60, in
Flanders. Whether these should be
accounted successes for the allies is
doubtful. The British suffered enor-
mous losses and at Neuve Chapelle
bungled affairs to tlga extent of shell-
ing their own men who had taken Ger-
man trenches. In other caseB they
left gallant little parties lodged In
enemy’s trenches without supports to
be annihilated.
The next development was the un-
expected use of poisonous gaB fumes
by tho Germans In attacks just north
Of Ypres With this novel weapon
they succeeded In taking severnl small
villages and more than compensating
for the IlrltiHh gains south of Ypres
The losses of the French, Canadians
nnd British were severe, but they suc-
ceeded In stemming tho German on-
slaught effectively a few miles back
from their former position.
Begin Series of Attacks.
The German line makes a salient nt
Solssons, though not such a pro-
nounced one as at Bt. Mlhlel. The
French now began a series of at-
tacks on the upper side of this salient,
to the north of Arras. Expending hun-
dreds of thousands of shells, they time
and again blasted away the barbed
wire entanglements nnd concrete
trenches, held by Crown l’rlnce Rup
precht of Bavaria's men, and then
charged across the desolate ground for
■light gains.
Tho fighting centered about the su
gar refinery of Souche* and the great
German work called the labyrinth.
Fighting went on In cellara and tun-
nels below the earth and the casual
ties were heavy. The French bent the
German line and captured tho laby-
rinth, hut whether the gains Justified
their sacrifice In human life Is ques-
tionable.
In July, Crown Prince Frederick
William's army attacked In the Ar-
gonne forest, west of Verdun, and
succeeded In gaining' several hundred
yards of shattered woodland and cap
turlng several thousand Frenchmen.
There were rumors that the Ger-
mane were re-enforcing for another
great drive toward Calais or Paris,
hut the Teutonic campaign In the
West continued to wap, upon the
crushing of the much weaker enemy
In Poland.
FIRST YEAR OF THE
WAR ON THE SEA
At P's end of the< first year
of war not a German fighting
craft, except submarines, is
known to be at large outside
the Baltic sea. The Austrian
warships are confined to the up-
per Adriatic and the Turkish
fleet to the Sea of Marmora
and adjacent straits. The mer-
chant marine of the central
European powers has disap-
peared utterly from the ocean
highways. Sixty million dol-
lars* worth of German shipping
lies idle In the docks of New
York, while several times as
much is bottled up elsewhere.
At the same time the German
submarines have Inflicted enor-
mous losses of silled shipping.
While both sides have prob-
ably concealed many losses,
the following Is a fairly accu-
date summary of the number
of craft which have been de-
stroyed:
Entente Allle*
Brit-
ish
.10
.12
. 4
Battleships
Cruisers ..
Submarines
Auxil. cruisers 5
Gunboats, de-
stroyers, and
torpedo boats 4
Total Japanese
Rus-
French sian
2
1 2
2
Italian
of all
losses, seven vessels
classes.
Teutonic Allies.
Ger- Aus-
many trla
Battleships ........... 1
Cruisers .............18 2
Submarines .......... 9 1
Auxiliary cruisers ....19
Gunboats, destroyers,
and torpedo boats ...20 1
Total Turkish losses of ves-
sels of all classes, four.
Total tonnage en-
tente allies ...........376,770
Total tonnage,
Teutonic allies .......224,746
©OOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOO
BIG EVENTS IN FIRST
YEAR OF THE WORLD WAR
June 2«—Arrl»<lnke and Arelidaiehca*
Fraud* of Auatrln ■lulu bj Serbian
BNNIINMlnN.
AiiKiiwt 1—Germany declarea war on
Ruaala.
Auk unt 2—(lermnn forces enter Luxem-
burg;. Germany denmndu pannage
through Belgium.
August 5— ICnglnnd announces atirte of
war with Germany.
August 7—French Invade southern Al-
sace.
August 8—British troops land In
Frnnce and Belgium.
August 11—Geriuuns pans Liege forta.
August lit—Hngland and France de-
clare war on Austria.
August 15—Austrians Invade Serbia In
force.
August 17—Beginning of five days* bat-
tle between .Serbians and Austrians
on the Jadar, ending In Austrian
rout.
August 20—Germans enter Brussels.
August 23—Germans enter Namur and
attack Mons. Austria announces vic-
tory over Russians nt Krasulk. Japan
declares war.
August 24—British begin retreat from
Muon.
August 25—French evacuate Muelbau-
sen.
August 37—Louvain burned by Ger-
man*.
August 2H—Rattle off Helgoland, sev-
ernl German warships sunk.
August 20—Russians crushed In three
days* battle near Tannenberg.
September 8— Russians occupy Lem-
berg.
September 5—Battle of the Marne be-
gins. German right wing defeated
#nd retreat begins.
September 7—Maubeuge falls.
September 12—German retreat baits on
the Alsne.
September 20 — Germans bombard
Helms and Injure the famous cathe-
dral.
October O— Antwerp occupied by the
Germans.
October 12—Boer revolt starts.
OeYoher 14— Allies occupy Ypres. Bat-
tle begins on Vistula.
Oetober 15—Ostend occupied by the
Germans.
October 10—First bHttle of Ypres be-
gins.
October 24—Ten days* battle before
Wnrsaw ends In German retirement.
October 27—Russians reocoupy Lods
nnd Itmlom.
October 20—Turkey begins war on Rus-
sia.
November 3— Germnn squadron bom-
bards llrltlsli const.
November 5— Dardanelles forts bom-
barded.
November 3—Tslngtnu surrenders.
November 12—Itunslnns defeated at
Llpno nnd Kufno.
November 15—Russians defeated nt
VIotMlfit rk.
November 17—Austrian victory over
Serbian* nt Vnljevo announced.
December 2—Austrians occupy Rel-
grnde.
December 5— Serbians defeat Austrian*
In three (Ufa* battle.
December tt——lierninn* occupy Lods.
December 15—Austrlun* evacuate Bel-
grade.
December 13—German cruiser* bom-
linril Scarborough and Hartlepool, 150
civilian* killed.
December 20*241—Severe fighting ou the
line of tlic llxura river.
January 3, 1015— French advance ncroaa
Alsne mirth of Solnnonn.
January II—French driven back across
AInsc river.
January 24—Naval battle In North sen.
German armored crulner Blueclaer
sank.
January 30— Rtianlans occupy Tahrln.
Feliruury 5—Failure of German attacks
west of Warsaw.
February N—Beginning of battle In
Kn*t Prussia, ending In Russian de-
feat,
February 18—German formal subma-
rine **bloekade** on Great Britain be-
gin*.
February 24— Russians driven from
Rnkowlna.
March 10— British make advance at
Neuve t'hapelle.
March 21— Zeppelins bombard Paris.
March 22—Surrender of Prnemysl to
Russians.
March SI—Russians penetrate Dnkla
pass aad enter Hungary.
April 5—French begin* violent attacks
on Mlhlel oalleat.
April 14— Russians at flstrapka, 90
miles Inside Hnagarr*
April lft-—Russian* evacuate Taraow.
April a^-Wceond battle of Ypres be-
gins.
April 25— Allies leave Gallipoli penin-
sula. suffering fearful losses.
April 98—Allles announce recapture of
f.lterae Het Mas aad llartiuauaaweller
Kopf.
May If*—Berlin reports capture of 39.-
000 Russian prisoners la west Gall-
da aad selaure of tkreo villages near
Yprea.
May tl— Russians fall hark fram Dakla
pass.
May 7—Berlin raporta rapture af Tar-
now with many Russian prtonueru.
May 8—German subornriae sinks tke
Lusitania, more than 1,159 loot. Rus-
sians la faU retreat from Carpa-
thians.
May 9—Germans capture Llbaa Baltic
port.
May 19—French capture Ceremeuy,
north of Arras, at great coot.
May 14—American 9 rat submarine a etc
mode public.
Mny 24—Italy declare# war oa Aus-
tria.
May 99—Italians Invade Austria.
May 2^—Italians take Grodno. Raoolaas
check Gcrmaao at Slcnawa.
May 91—First German note oa sabma-
rlae reaches Washington. Zeppelins
drop bombs la London.
June 9—Praomysl falls to Aastro-Ger-
* mans.
June 19—Germans eaptare Stanislas.
June 11—Secend U. 9. submarine note
ta Germany made public. Italians
take Moafalcoac.
June 19—Italians take Gradlsca.
Jane 19—Austro-Germaas occupy Tor-
■ogrod.
Jane 99—Freacb take Metaeral.
•Mine 23—French announce occupation
■v* north of Arrno.
mv . in tl mi ,istro—Germans capture Lorn-
lan>l tmn.atrUu rrna (he Dalaat.r
Ailh Fatlieca (aIla.
Jq ,*.■ 4«f.at a.rwi. at.
_ M 'Irant 111 at Wlsta*.
July \ van aaval battle af
Gatr^nan of I
July 4—1, tab. Talmlma.
J.l* 4—1 llel aaaaaacas a.la. la the
Arga.il ;mI.
July 14—II .aims take Praasayaa, 80
■alia. ao.th Warsaw.
Jaly IB—O.riaaa. advaacs at aiaay
aolata la |tu.ala, taklag Wladaa, Ta-
bu Hi. Hlosde aad Orober.
Jaly 34k—Hua.laa. report .taklag af BB
Turkish aalUag vcaaela. Germaa
gun. reach outer forta of Warsaw
aad damage the Lublla-Cholm rail-
way.
J»ly 31—Third II, 8. submarine not.
goes ta Germany.
July 33—Tnrkl.h-G.rma. expedition
lauded In Tripoli.
July 24—German take two forta Bear
Warsaw.
July 20—IlUMlana repulse Au.triaa. la
Galicia.
CAMPAIGNS OUTSIDE
BIG WAR THEATERS
THE CHANGING BATTLE LINE IN THE EAST
In a score of regions there has
been fighting which would have held
worldwide attention were it not for
the mighty battle lines in France and
Poland.
Servla’s own war was a greater trial
to her than either of the two preced-
ing Balkan struggles. Assisted by
Montenegro, the little Slavic nation
twice threw the hosts of Franz Josef
beyond her borders and inflicted
losses of about 330,000 men, but she
suffered severely herself.
The Austrians Invaded Serbia In
great force about August 16 and pene-
trated to the Jadar river, where a
great five-day battle ended In the
rout of tho Teutons.
The Austrians returned soon in
stronger force than ever. They
reached Valjevo, where on November
17 the Serbians met a defeat.
With their supply of artillery am-
munition exhausted, the Serbians now
had to retreat. The Austrians, be-
lieving them crushed, withdrew six
army corps for re-enforcements
against the victorious Russians in Ga-
licia.
Shells and English tars with naval
guns reached the Serbians, and on
December 6 they turned on the Aus-
trians and cut them to pieces.
The entry of Turkey Into the war
was marked by a brave, but foolhardy
attempt to invade Egypt. Great Brit-
ain’s Indian and colonial troopB threw
the invaders back with heavy leases.
British and Japanese troops invest-
ed the fortified German port of Tsing-
tau, China, and after a siege of a few
weeks the defenders gave up the hope-
less struggle.
A section of the Boer population of
South Africa revolted. The revolt
was put down by a Boer, Premier
Botha. He then Invaded German
Southwest Africa, and after a long
campaign in the waterless deserts
captured the greatly outnumbered
Germans (July 8).
After taking three-quarters of a year
to arm herself to the teeth, Italy at-
tacked Austria this spring. The effect
of the entry of Italy upon the arena
has not yet been marked.
♦+*++*+++++*+<M>*****+<>++++
FIRST YEAR COST OF
WAR IN MEN AND MONEY
Only approximately accurate
tables of the killed, wounded
nnd missing In the first year of
the war are possible, because
France and Russia and Austria-
Hungary do not give out their
figures, while Germany has
changed her policy recently to
one of secrecy. Great Britain
still tells her losses from
month to month.
The following estimates are
believed to give a fairly cor-
rect idea of the casualties:
Teutonic Allies.
Germany .............2 300,000
Austria-Hungary .....1,900,000
Turkey .............. 230,000
i
Total ..............4,430,000
Entente Alllee.
France ...............1,700,000
Russia (Including pris-
oners, 1,176,000) .
Great Britain ......
Belgium ...........
Servla ............
Japan .............
Ifleiy (no reports
losses ...........
Portugal (fighting
colonies) .......
Montenegro .......
San Marino .......
.3,600,000
. 480,000
. 260.000
. 240,000
1,310
)f
,. 76,000
n
.. (minor)
. 80,000
(?)
Total ..............1,286,210
The flrst year of the war has
cost the belligerent govern-
ments about 116,600,000,000 In
direct expenditures for mill- $
(ary purposes. The war la now
costing about »46,000,000 a day,
12,000,000 an hour and $30,000
a minute.
►♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦
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The German* again have peaetratrd a* clone to Waritw a* the atar
which mark* the “high tide** of la*t autumn.
FIRST YEAR OF THE
WAR IN THE EAST
The flrst twelvemonth of fighting
between the Russians on one side and
the Austrians and Germans on
the other is a story of great changes
of fortune, both combatants being re-
peatedly driven back only to show
the greatest resiliency in defeat and
soon to resume the offensive in a most
surprising manner.
The end of the year, however, finds
the pendulum swinging strongly
against the czar. He may recover
and take again the roads to Cracow,
Vienna and Berlin, but Just at pres-
ent he is on the whole In worse plight
than in any hour since the war
started.
Russia’s losses in the flrst year of
the war are not approached by those
of any nation in any war of history.
According to reliable estimates, she
has had between 2,500,000 and 4,000,-
000 men killed, injured and captured.
Despite these horrible gaps made in
her ranks, she still has millions in
the field, and her great reservoir of
personnel does not show signs of ex-
haustion. It is not men she lacks, but
guns, shells and brains.
Slow to Mobilize.
On August 1, 1914, Germany de-
clared war on Russia. Almost imme-
diately the Germans crossed the fron-
tier at Thorn and the Austrians south
of Lublin. They were practically un-
opposed because of the slowness of
mobilization in Russia. The Grand
Duke Nicholas Nicholatevitch was
forced to gather his main armies well
to the rear of the line of great fort-
resses running through Kovno, Grod-
no. Ossowetz, Novo Georgievsk, War-
saw and Ivangorod.
On account of his desire to do all
he could to relieve the French, who
were being driven from northern
France by the amazing German rush
through Belgium, Nicholas attacked
sooner than he otherwise would have
done. As a result, he met two disas-
ters.
He sent General Samsonoff into
East Prussia from the south and
General Rennenkampf into East Prus-
sia from the east, tho latter winning
the flrst large engagement of the war
in the East at Gumbinen.
At this moment the Germans, be-
lieving that the French were well in
hand and about to be surrounded on*
their eastern frontier, quickly with-
drew 250,000 men from France and
hurled them by rail into East Prus-
sia, where they fell upon Samsonoff
with crushing force In the great Ger-
man victory of Tannenberg (Aug. 28).
Meanwhile, the Austrians, leaving
only n few troops in Galicia to hold
back the Russians advancing from
Tarnopol on the lino of the Gntla-Llpa,
struck tho Russians en masse at Kras-
nik and routed them to Lublin,
Most Bloody Drive of War.
With two armies In difficulty, the
grand duke decided to abundon one
to Its fato and save tho other. He
threw re-enforcements Into Lublin
and ordered the line of the Qnila-
Llpa river he forced at any cost. In
one of the most bloody drives of tho
war the Russians advanced Into east-
ern Galicia and occupied Lemberg.
The Russians then advanced to
Rawa Ruska and took the Austrian
armleB In Poland In the rear, cutting
them up frightfully.
Meanwhile Von Hlndenburg had
completed his victory over Samsonoff
by turning on Rennenkampf and clear-
ing East Prussia of Muscovites. But
though Rennenkampf had been de-
feated and Samsonoff almost anni-
hilated, the Germans.
The Russians were now as far west
as Tarnow In Galicia, while their
Cossacks were able to make raids into
Hungary farther south. Hlndenburg
concentrated a great force suddenly
In Silesia and began a drive from the
west against Warsaw and Ivan-
gorod. The Siberian corps arrived
In the nlok of time to save Warsaw
from the enemy.
High Tide of Russian Invasion.
Hlndenburg then drew off the north-
ern section of his army In Poland to
the north, thinking to take tho pursu-
ing Russians in flank with the south-
ern section. But the Austrians were
too slow to carry out the field mar-
shal's plans and the Russians, slip-
ping into a gap in the lines between
the Germans and their allies, slaugh-
tered the latter. The result was the
high tide of Russian invasion. The
Austrians withdrew over the Carpa-
thians again, leaving Przemysl to be
besieged a second time. The Ger-
mans withdrew to Silesia and the Rus-
sians, following closely, were able
for a brief moment to raid this rich
province at Pleschen. At the same
time they entered East Prussia
again.
But again the German strategic
railways proved their undoing. Hin-
denburg concentrated at Thorn and
drove into the right flank of the Rus-
sian main forces, throwing them back
on Lodz.
He advanced too far, however, and-
when he had the Russian forces near,
ly surrounded, he suddenly found Ru&'
sians in his own rear. In this ex-
tremity, the Russians say, be tele,
graphed for re-enforcementa.
But before the re-enforcements
sent from Flanders arrived the Gor-
mans had managed at frightful cost
to hack their way to safety. This waa
the bloody battle of Lodz.
Wins Second Victory,
With stronger German forces oppos-
ing them the Russians withdrew to
the line of Bzura, Rawa and Nlda
rivers. At the same time the Aus-
trians, attempting to debouch from
the Carpathian passes, were driven
back everywhere, leaving 50,000 pris-
oners.
With January Hlndenburg made sc
third desperate attack on Warsaw.
For ten days, both night and day, the
Germans came on. Then, having lost
probably 50,000 men anil the Russians
nearly as many, they gave it up.
Unable to reach Warsaw, Hlndenburg
concentrated twice Siever’s force In
East Prussia, and won his second
overwhelming victory there. Enor-
mous captures of Russians were made
and the fortress of Gradno was at-
tacked farther west, from Ossoweti
to Pultusk. The Germans retreated
to Mlawa and then tried to flank the
Russians at Przasnysz, which city
they took. But the Russians again,
flanked the flanking party, as they had
done at Lodz and won an important
success (February 22-28).
In March and April, the Russians
pressed through the western Carpa-
thian passes and entered Hungary.
Just when their future seemed bright-
est, the Germans broke the Russian
line in West Galicia and let through
enormous forces.
Pressing westward irresistibly, they
took the Russian Carpathian armies in
tho rear. The latter tried to retreat,
but vast numbers were captured.
Przemysl, which had succumbed to
the Russian besiegers March 22, fell
again into the hands of the Austro-
Germans.
Great German Maneuver.
From Przemysl Von Mackensen
drove east through MosclBka and
Grodek and captured I-emberg, the
Galiciun capital. Then he turned
north and marched upon the Warsaw-
Ivangorod -Brest - Lltovsk triangle,
from the south.
At the same time tho Russians in
southern Galicia, putting up a desper-
ate resistance, were driven by Von
Llnslngon first to the line at the
Dniester and then across the Gnlla-
Llpa to the line of tho Zlota-Llps.
Reaching the vicinity of KraBnlk
in their drive to Warsaw from th*
south, tho Austrians sustained a se-
vere check in the scene of their tri-
umph of the previous summer. Held
on this line the Germans attacked hot-
ly from the north and took the town
of Prsasnysi (July 14).
The Germans now began the grand-
est maneuver ever seen In the history
of human warfare.
From tho Wlndau river In tho Bal-
tic provinces all the way along the
border of East Prussia and In n gigan-
tic swoop through the vicinity of Ks
dom, west of the Vistula, and a line
south of the Lublln-Cholm railway
‘they delivered smashing l.iv"* and
have reached the very gates of War
saw.
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Colony Courier (Colony, Okla.), Vol. 6, No. 46, Ed. 1 Thursday, August 5, 1915, newspaper, August 5, 1915; Colony, Oklahoma. (https://gateway.okhistory.org/ark:/67531/metadc941604/m1/2/: accessed May 10, 2024), The Gateway to Oklahoma History, https://gateway.okhistory.org; crediting Oklahoma Historical Society.