Oklahoma Farmer (Guthrie, Okla.), Vol. 13, No. 28, Ed. 1 Wednesday, November 9, 1904 Page: 2 of 16
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OKLAHOMA FARMER, WEDNESDAY, NOVEMBER 9, 1904.
OOOO
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ANY PROBLEM Of COMMON INTEREST IN GENERAL A0RIC0L10RE WILL BE DISCUSSPO IN THIS DEPARTMENT IF ADORESSED TO THE FARMER
* lungus Disease in Cotton.
Recenily the collon planters iu some
parts of Laurens and Dodge counlies,
-Georgia, have been considerably
alarmed by the appearance of a rather
serious trouble in their cotton tlelds.
Specimens of the injured bolls and
plants which have been sent to the
State Department of Agriculture and •
to the State Entomologist, show that
the loss is being caused by the dis-
east of cotton known as anthracnose.
The appearance of this disease is
most characteristic and most common-
ly noticed as it occurs on the bolls, •
although it does occur to some extent
upon both the leaves and stems of
the cotton plant.
The first system of the disease
upon the bolls is the appearance of
.small, red specks or dots, i ..eso rapid-
ly enlarge In size with the result .'at
the part of the surface affected be-
comes sunken and soon attains a black-
ened color. These diseased areas ar<i
usually circular or oval in form, but
as several spots frequently occur upon
a single boll, these diseased areas
sooner or later, unite so that half 1'
even more of the boll are affected,
bpores are' developed upon the biac.v-
ened area, and although Lhey-aie col-
orless. their abundance gives the cen-
ters of the diseased areas a grayish
appearance. These spores corespond
to and have the same function as io
seeds of highe plants and it is uy
means of these spores that the dis--
ease is spread . from boll to boll
and from plant to plant. The
attack of the anthracnose fungus
oftentimes results in the boll ie-
malnlng closed and the lint within
falls to mature. At "other times the
tip of the diseased boll will open up
slightly, but in this case it also tails
to mature and the boll eventually dries
up, assuming a dark-brown color.
Strangely enough, the attacks from
this disease are often attributed . o
insects, the cotton planter believing
that the bolls have been "stuns by
some very small and elusive insect,
and that he sees only the effect of me
••poisoning." As a matter of fact, in-
sects are iu no way responsible loi
this trouble and have no connection
With it whatever aside from the possi-
bility that certain Insects may earn
the spores upon feet or beaks a# they
travel from one plant to another.
This is a case in which the remedy-
is hard to apply, partly because oi
the nature of the'disease and also be-
cause the morphology and life histoiy
Gt the fungus causing the disease have
not been thoroughly worked out by
scientists. An intimate knowledge ot
all stages of a* disease or of the de-
velopment of an insect, in most cases
gives a clue to how the disease or ;n-
sect may be successfully dealt with.
This very necessary intimate kuowj,-^
edgs of Insects and diseases can.only
be outalned by careful and thorough
scientific work, hence it is that thu
scientific work proper is indirectly of
the greatest Importance to the farmer.
At. this season of the year, (July,
' rtiigust and September), we know ol
nothing the firmer can do to check
the cotton anthracnose except at
possibly where the disease has not
obtained much of a Mart, the <kb' t".i
l, IU could be carefully picked off and
burned up, thereby reducing the crftp
. ,,f tpore • that will latei sprewfc de-
struction through the Held. Even In
this case the fungus*!* likely to have
obtained " *'«rl ' 111
In/.jred part* of the stem* and # It
probably could* not be entirely eradi-
cated in this manner. In fact, the
practicability of this plan is question-
able, but it is the only plan mat can
be applied at this season that offeYs
any chance whatever ot success,
spraying the coLton plants with some
fungicide, like Bordeaux mixture, is
impracticable, as .e fungus obtains a
nold deep in the tissues of the cotton
plant where it cannot be reached by
any applications. .
In spite of all this the planter can
take some very sensible measures to-
wards reducing the damage from, this
disease another season, it seems
highly probable that the fungus i f
this disease may continue to live iii
the soil for some time and thus rein-
fect the following crop of cotton. In.
localities where the anthracnose oc-
curs, therefore, cotton should not oe
planted next year upon land that has'
cotton upon it this year, in other
words, cotton should not be placed
upon the same field two years in se-
cession. This is only a part of the
doctrine of "rotation of crops." Did
the farmer carry out a systematic and
intelligent rotation of crops year after
year, in which the same crop nevtr
succeeds itself upon the same piece
$14
fM ■
IfflM If- #1M
1+* af* *0 •o'J
prV* i *• *
eURRIK WINN *
select d irom this resistant plant, tue
plants grown from this seed will to a
considerable extent, show the same re-
sistance. Selection of seed can > be
made; from,the most resistant of these
plant's during the second season and
if this systematic seed selection is car-
ried on carefully for a few years, the
planter will have developed a straui
of cotton resistant to anthracnose and
will have solved the problem at a very
small expense. In case the planter tor
any-reason, does not carry out ...is
plan of seed selection, he had best
be sure to obtain his cotton seed from
some locality where the anthracnose
does not exist.—William .Nenell,
(Jeorgia State Entomologist.
Nubbins of Farm News.
In New York State last year 312
farmers' institutes were held and about
140,000 persons attended the meetings.
This record is esualled by no other
State.
The exports last year of hogs from
this country consisted of 4,031 head,
which sold for $40,923. This is a very
material decline compared with the
figures for each of the preceeding four
years.
Last vear the United States export-
was 22,S24,yi$ acres, and the gross re-
ceipts in payment therefor amounted
to $11,024,(43. Of this sum more than
eight million dollars were turned over •
to the fund for the reclamation of aria
lands.
Corn was higher in price in 1901,
tio.5 cents per= bushel, than it has been
in the last decade, averaging me prices
prevailing that year in all the corn-
growing States last year was 42.5 cents
per bushel. The lowest average price
during the past ten years . was 21 •>
cents in 1896.
The exports of horses for the fiscal
year of 1904 have amounted to 31,39:
head, against 25,730 for the same peri-
od in 1903.. The increase has been 5,-
t!67 head. On the other hand, mule ex-
ports have decreased from 3,000 for the
■ first ten months of the fiscal.year ago,
against 2,766 head for the same period
ending with April.
Chicago men have bought a million
acres of land in Alabama to be used as
a cattle ranch. The capitalists repre-
sent a combination of packing houses
which made a move some months ago
to acquire large tracts of land in Bald-
• win county, Ala., and in western Flori-
da to establish an immense cattle
ranch.
r v
. ■jattiv; . ^Isssea
- ' ',*■ v; «
wammam
Wheat Ilel.t scenes in Kay County, Oklahoma.
gf land, his losses from insects ami
disease would be greatly reduced
without any attending cost wuatever,
and in addition the fertility of hi-?
soil would bg conserved to .great"f
advantage.
The selection of cotton seed for
planting in a locality where anthrac-
nose occurs is of the greatest import-
ance.
Two courses are open for the
selection of cotton Heed lor plant-
sing. One is for the planted i<>
securJ* for next ye-ir * plant lug
cotton seed frwtn a locality where
the an th ramose doe* not occur,
as It ha* been dearly demonstrated
thai i he .-.pot' • of tin# dl are ti
qunitly retained In tin- lint upon the
teed, and hence are ready to Infect
the young plant a <oon a* It -.put
I he* *eedcoal
The other course would lie #for the
at.til led planl' I to '/ip-fully select (I-
sistant seed from the diseased are.it
upon hi-, own plantation In altrioil
every Mi'lly d^! ;i 'd Held, a j#iint w,.
tie found here and there whUli sltow't
no Indication of anthrii'nose upon li t
holl* 'I lil* plainly Indicate* niit
there Is hlnic sbotll thai Indl
vldMSl plant that enables It to resist
the disease u"cs*fully If seed be
ed cattle, hogs, horses, mules, sheep
and other animalfl, including fowls, to
the value of about $35,000,000, which
is considerably less than the reven-iie
derived^ from similiar. exports in any
wne of the previous four years.
The business men of Portland, Ore.,
have subscribed $250,000 toward the
erection in j Mat city of a packing plant
that will cost about half a millian dol-
lars. Stock men in Oregon, Idaho and
Washington are expected to furnish
11w- additional funds required.
There were 47,009,367 hogs In the
United Slates on January 1st, last with
an average larm valuation of $6.15 per
head. Iowa leads in the' total num-
ber of hogs held at that time and in
I in- total value, the figures showing
7,:iiil,2 iK head* valued at more than
$47,Out),0(10. #
Molilalia stood alone last year In yc
production of wool, the output being
,.000 pounds of washed and un-
washed wool and 11,,'122,000 pounds or
tenured wool, The average weight per
fleece Iu that State was six pounds.
Wyoming ranks second In point of
wool product Ion.
In I lie fiscal year ended June 30,
lliii.i, the tutnl amount of lnnd disposed
ol by I he United Slates Government
Hints from the Hired Man.
An Illinois man taught me how to
raise and cure sorgh'am. He puts in
two bushels of seed to the acre with
a wheat drill. This gives a uniform
growth, the plant is small, and the
yieul is about as heavy as from a thin-
ner seeding.
I never worked on a farm until i
was eighteen years old. I had always
worked in a beef-packing plant in a
large city, and I suppose that is where
I formed a habit of hustling which has
stuck to me ever since. When I com-
menced farming I used to listen for
the sound of the whistle at dinner'
time, but I soon learned tiiat in the
busy season a man cannot put in too
many hours. Some of the boys in my
neigiiborhool told me It was a mistake
to do any more than I really had 'o
to hold my job, but I take notice that
I am now setting $25 per month ana
my board and washing all the year
, round, while the other fellows get
about $18 and are-laid off during the
winter.
Farm help is becoming scarcer every
year, but I think the farmer nimself
is largely to blame. Too many farm-
ers regard the hired man as a beast
of burden and give him about the
same treatment that they do their
mules. How can a farmer expect to
keep a good man if he only pays mm
$20 per month, makes him sleep in a
hot loft in the house or in the hay
' mow, expect him to work fifteen hours
. a day seven days in the week during
the summer and fire him in the fall.
I notice that the farmer who keeps
his hired man all the year round and
treats him with the consideration that
is due him generally makes money
and seldom kicks about the scarcity
of labor.
!F*rkers Friend Fence
at metonr price.
trut iner knows what Ittakos to make a gvoiifenee.
l'tiIn Ideal Hoc rent-owns Invented on a farm by a farm-
h to mipply uis tiro I*. Your needs are no different,
• It's Just tho Thtngtfor Hogs, anil go-rtry BJ>od
I i liuxe stock thai e\« rv WhIv ants It. Btav ana line
it on «rt lnt« r-twist*d. Vqu Can't 8llp Them* It
ro tii ho llttl#t>fN'au enolaatn*?ttoyott. Catalog frw.
IAKNERS FENCE CO. l$ox;30 MtWsrn, IUn .
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Greer, Frank H. Oklahoma Farmer (Guthrie, Okla.), Vol. 13, No. 28, Ed. 1 Wednesday, November 9, 1904, newspaper, November 9, 1904; Guthrie, Oklahoma. (https://gateway.okhistory.org/ark:/67531/metadc88024/m1/2/?q=Football: accessed June 5, 2024), The Gateway to Oklahoma History, https://gateway.okhistory.org; crediting Oklahoma Historical Society.