The Orlando Herald. (Orlando, Okla. Terr.), Vol. 7, No. 52, Ed. 1 Thursday, June 1, 1899 Page: 3 of 8
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American and English Mutton
It has been the habit of those ac-
quainted with English mutton to judge
our American product by that high but
entirely foreign standard, says H.
Stewart, In Country Gentleman. No
other country has mutton like that of
Great Britain, in whose breeds there
a,e heavy, fleshy and excessively
fat Lincoln, the tender I^eicester, the
solid Shropshire and the high-flavored
Southdown. Besides these, the local
markets have their Wensleydales, the
Romney Marsh, the deer-like Welsh,
the high-flavored Blackfaced of the
Scottish mountains, and other local
breeds which have not the general
reputation of these four.
On the continent of Europe we find
a distinctly different style of sheep in
the market. The French and Germans
make the Merinos their standard mut-
ton sheep, although tlie French have
at least one distinctly mutton sheep, a
cross of the French Merino and the
English Leicester. This sheep, how-
ever, does not make much headway in
France. The reason is by no means
obscure. And Just here we touch the
spot where our American niutton and
the English begin to vary. We do not
care to have our meat too fat. We
don t want an inch of clear fat on our
sheep's ribs, not to mention the three
lingers of it that used to be, and still
Is to a large extent, the acme of ex-
cellence in an English mutton chop.
Our climate is the cause of this differ-
ence in taste, and climate being an
irremovable obstacle, the adoption of
English tastes in this direction is not
a matter for our sheep breeders to
waste time over. We are becoming
educated in this respect. We are rap-
idly becoming mutton-eaters at least
in the North; but in the South it will
be some time before the slab-sided
razor-back will be ousted from its first
position by any kind of sheep what
ever. In the South the few sheep kept
are reared for the fleece, and the
home-spun hose and the local jeans of
mixed cotton and wool are the sole
objects as yet of those Southern farm-
ers who keep a small bunch of sheep.
But American mutton will be for
many years, if not always, quite a
different thing from that of England.
Our tastes run mostly svith the French
and German mutton-eaters, and it is
interesting to a student of this subject
to notice how we are gradually falling
into line with these in regard to the
most favored sheep for the markets.
No Englishman, I dare say, could be
induced to change a Leicester l.
Southdown chop for One of a Merino,
or a cross of this breed. But equally
an American could not be induced to
tolerate the exceedingly fat mutton,
there thought to be the best in the
world. This is a matter of climate.
The English climate may not be really
so very cold, but it feels so; and a
March wind blowing, not under the
freezing point, or within several de-
grees of it, and which would pierce to
the marrow of an American, makes an
Englishman shiver and wrap his great-
coat close about him. Then the fat
meat com,es in as a natural protection
for the Englishman, who thus, by his
more carbonaceous food, protects him-
self from his damp, moist, unpleasant
weather.
as much milV as her calf wtmM need. ? that when we were selling the Engltah
Not being a horseman, this grain man fat pork he was paving us al
farmer Should confine his efforts to the much for the fat part as for the lean.
MARRIACR or BABY PRINCESS.
production of such classes of horses
require only plenty of good feed and
care, but little or no artificial develop-
ment. He is admirably adapted to the
business of raising heavy horses,
though he will not care to keep 1,800-
pound mares for farm work. He can
use 1,300 to 1,500-pound mares, which
if good milkers, with tho proper sire,
will produce an excellent class ol
heavy horses. With the right sires he
can keep and profitably use a class of
mares that will produce good delivery
horses, hack and 'bus horses, and a
fair grade of gentlemen's drivers. All
these horses will need fo be developed
after leaving the farm, but it can pro-
duce the raw material, and ought to
do it.
Farmer Horse Producer.
Prof. Eugene Davenport says: "While
the farmer who Is not a horseman
cannot produce breeders, and should
let fast horses alone, he has certain
advantages as a horse producer that
ought to be recognized, and that ought
to shape his course.
"These advantages are: First, a
large amount of cheap feed, which
puts this feature of the industry on
much the same basis as beef produc-
tion, and leads to the common state-
ment that it costs but little more to
grow a horse than to grow a steer.
Second, abundant range for proper
exercise of growing animals; and,
third, he is himself an extensive user
of horse labor. Here is an important
matter. The market calls mainly for
geldings, and I take if that, broadly
speaking, our farm work should be
largely done by mares that are fully
able also to produce a foal each year,
The feasibility of this plan has been
abundantly shown by experience. Farm
labor is not so severe nor so constant
as to preclude the use of breeding
mares. In fact, the farm horse should
be a breeding animal to fully occupy
her time and pay for her maintenance
during the long periods of short work
and comparative idleness.
"On a farm of moderate size I like
at least one span of geldings that are
always ready for any kind of work;
but it is expensive to keep a horse a
year for what he can do during the
working season, and I have found
breeding mares entirely satisfactory.
Besides, one can afford a surplus of
this kind of horse power, which is
frequently almost a necessity for a
limited time. I expect to meet with
the objection that it is too much
trouble to raise foals from working
teams, but that matter is greatly mag-
nified in men's minds. To be sure,
many farmers owning both smooth and
rough lands may be able to let the
mares run idle and do the work with
geldings, but it is possible only on
cheap lands. Putting it from the other
side, the mare that is to devote a year
to giving birth to a horse that will go
upon ^ e open markets to do the ordi-
nary work of the world—that mare
must do something besides all this;
she must work, or the horse will cost
too much, and farm work is well
adapted to her conditions. The farm
horse that does a year's work upon
the farm and produces a foal has per-
formed no more labor than the horse
that works every day in the city, or
the cow that has been developed to the
point of yielding two or three times
Water Transportation of Cattle.
Great improvement has been made
In the transportation of cattle across
the Atlantic. The old conditions were
bad in the extreme. It was not so
very many years ago that the whole
country was stirred up by reports of
the inhumane treatment of animals
on sea-board. Before the construc-
tion of ships especially adapted to the
carrying of cattle, all of that klud of
work was done by what is known as
"tramp steamers." These had only
temporary fittings and were without
proper facilities for supplying feed and
water if the latter were greater in de-
mand than at first figured out. The
animals were huddled into the ships,
and were then turned over to sailors
who knew generally nothing about
taking care of them. The ventilation
was almost always bad, and some-
tinfes the ships that were used for this
kind of work were so old and unsea
worthy that they should not have
been allowed to go to sea at all. Some
times the voyage was longer than an
ticipated, and it was not an unsual
occurrence for a vessel to arrive at her
destination on the English side with
out food or water for the cattle. Some
times the ships encountered great
storms and to save the vessels the
hatches had to be battened down
which resulted in great loss of cattle
from suffocation. Tho rolling of the
vessels sometimes caused the ropes
that held the cattle to break and the
animals to be piled up in masses, in
which many of them were trampled to
death. As the decks were sometimes
made use of for cattle stalls, it was
not an exceptional thing for great seas
to sweep the decks, carrying both
stanchions and cattle into the sea,
The conditions were taken cogniz-
ance of by both the parliament of
Great Britain and the congress of the
United States. Laws were passed re
quiring certain rules to be followed.
The result has been an entire change
in the cattle transportation service.
Rigid enforcement of the rules drove
the poorer class of vessels out of the
service, and iron ships were con
structed with every convenience and
with fittings built into the vessels
This reduced the loss of cattle to
about one-third of one per cent. The
work, first begun in the interest of a
more humane mode of treatment, real
ly resulted in a saving of expense of
transport, the reduction in insurance
rates alone being no small saving. It
had formerly cost $8 per head to in-
sure the cattle and this was reduced to
less than $1. The saving in insurance
alone is more than $2,000,000 per year.
Moreover the cattle, when going on
shore on the other side of the water,
were as vigorous and healthy as when
they went on board, a great contrast
to the condition in former times, when
at landing they were often in such an
emaciated condition that they were
hardly fit to kill.
but it now appears that the Englis*
consumer has been grading his mea?
according to the nitrogenous conten
and not by gross weight. Ia tin
meantime we have been deceiving oui*
selves and cheating our pockets. \V»
have been paying expensive freight!
on cheap fat, when high priced leac
taoits might have been transported al
tho same cost. We have not fooled
the unglish consumer and we have not
fooled the American consumer, for lis
too has been doing some quiet figuring
on the value of fat hog meats.
It is true that if a single man sends
loan meat to market he gets no more
for it than he would for fat meat, but
that is because the amount is, rela-
tively to the whole, so small that the
buyer is not forced to discriminate.
A very considerable amount of lean
pork would soon establish a grade of
its own and a price of its own. Let
some breeder grow hogs with a great
deal of lean and let him ship to some
one market and under his own brand
and have his meat advertised as extra
and it would most certainly bring a
greater price than the fat soft stuff
on most of our markets. Our city men
will not hesitate at a few cents ad-
vance if the quality is there. With
our great supplies of nitrogenous
foods, like clover and its relations,
there is no need of the excessive feed-
ing of corn. The corn plant has ob-
tained toe* great prominence, as a hog
feed.
Feeding Hogg.
Regarding coal ashes for hogs, I give
my hogs at all times, winter and sum-
mer, all the soft coal and hardwood
ashes and small bits of soft coal they
will eat. My hogs always do well,
says a contributor to Rural World. In
winter I feed the first thing in the
morning, rich warm slop. In the even-
ing I take a half-bushel measure two-
thirds full of bran, one-third full of
good shipstuff, two quarts of linseed
meal; put this in a cart barrel that
holds fifty gallons, with five buckets
of hot water, stir well and put in a
sheltered place and cover well with
sacks and board cover. The mixture
will hardly freeze in the coldest
weather. In the morning I add hot
water, using pure well water, to make
thirty-five gallons, and feed this to
twenty-five shoats averaging 150
pounds. It is no trouble to pull the
cart where the pigs are. Two hours
afterward I feed them a bushel of
corn, and after dinner another dose of
slop, always warm in winter, which I
mix in the morning after feeding.
By mixing the slop this way the
evening before for the morning feed
and the morning for the afternoon, the
oil meal, brau and shipstuff are well
dissolved and go further and the hogs
like the slop better. I never give my
hogs pure water; they will not drink
it. About sunset I give them another
bushel of corn. As they grow larger
the corn is increased. In summer I
feed my pigs and sows slop three times
a day and very little corn. I always
have the smoothest and best hogs in
my neighborhood, and get 10 to 25
cents a hundred more than the aver-
age.
Fee lug Experiment Dlttleoltlrn.
Illustrations of the need of several
trials or a considerable number of ani-
mals fed for several weeks if safe con-
clusions are to be drawn from feeding
experiments have been abundant at
the Oklahoma Station during the past
winter. Careful selection of figures
may make widely different results
from different parts of such fin ex-
periment. Of two steers carefully
selected with reference to supposed
feeding qualities, similarity of breed-
ing, form and age, one gained 430 lb.,
the other 335 lb. with like feeding.
Of another pair, the one believed the
better except in size gained 305 lb.
while his mate gained 430 lb. with like
feeding. The poorest formed steer in
the bunch of nine made as much gain
as the best. He ate more and is
worth less per pound. A half Jersey
steer calf, although not showing dis-
tinct symptoms of illness, gained only
10 lb. in four weeks; in the next four
weeks gaining 110 lb.; In next four
dropping to 60 lb. gain; in the next
three 65 lb.; in the next one making no
gain. From one period of three weeks
we might conclude that four pounds
cotton seed daily kept the calf out of
condition; from the next three weeks,
that giving this much as a part of
grain ration caused great gains; from
the next three weeks, that it is practi-
cally as well to feed no grain but Kafir
meal.
PRINCESS ISABEL.
The little Princess Isabel of Orleans throne and is still In
Walk of Draft Horses.—Heavy draft
horses should be educated to a fast
walk. It is not so exhausting or so
hard on the feet, the first part "of the
anatomy of a heavy horse to show the
effects of fast work. A draft horse
will perform more work, keep in bet-
ter condition and last much longer to
labor at a walk. A prompt, vigorous
walk will soon be acquired and main-
tained by a heavy horse if he is no!
urged into a trot on every smoolh
stretch of road he passes over. A slow
walk will soon be acquired by a horse
that is urged into a trot at every level
stretch of the road, the habit being
involuntarily acquired by the animal
to recuperate from tho exhaustive ef-
fort of speed. Prompt, energetic ac-
tion at the walk by a draft horse will
accomplish more work than the com-
bined walk and trot animal. A per-
son can easily prove that it i3 less
fatiguing to walk at a uniform gait
Cor five miles than to run one-half of
the distance and walk at a slow gait
the other half of the journey--Nor'-
west Farmer.
Is the prettiest princess in Europe. Silo
is so pretty that she is like a realiza-
tion of the princess in the old fairy
tales. Advices from Vienna say that
she is the lovely victim picked out to
be tho bride of the old emperor of
md her sis-
ter, the Duchesse d'AIencon, was burn-
ed to death in the Paris charity ba-
zaar.
One of her cousins was the mad Louis
}f Bavaria, who drowned himself and
Austria when his state period of his keeper in the Sternberg Lake thir-
rg
teen years ago, and another is the
present Bavarian king, who crawls
around naked on all fours, mad. She
herself was killed by an enemy of
kings and princes—Lucclieni—and ho
has gone mad, too.
But the throne of Hungary and Aus-
mourning is over. That will be next
September. Pity this poor little prin-
cess.
When the present emperor of Austria
and Hungary married Elizabeth of Ba-
varia forty or odd years ngo, she, too,
was the most beautiful princess in
E"r0pC;, "er te.ct'} dazzlp<> I,e0P'e when tria is without a queen and the emperor
smiled, and she could stand on her has no son. So this little pretty prin-
then hor U lh S^e et " d0W"' Since CC6S Wh0 haa to llve 0,1 English soil
M r i ;"1' T,S mu,'dere[1 be< iU,se Fra"« is disgusted with kings,
aid hi if I a rea' etC" aml PS|)e<'inll>' disgusted with her
cirfotta " ^ L ,C, S ''°W disgraceful brother, the Duke of Or-
Cailotta, sister of the famous and in- leans, who protends to be a pretender
famous king of the Belgians; her only must marry the old emperor of Austria
son, Prince Rudolph, killed himself-or to see if that tottering, worn-out and
was shot—in disgrace; her sister; Ma-
rie of Naples, was deposed from her
ENSLAVED WOMEN.
A MOST HIDEOUS TRAFFIC IN
HUMAN FLESH.
Japaneso and Chinese Beauties the Vic
tlins—Sold to Highest Bidders
Kept in \ lie Dens for Immoral Pur-
poses.
He
A Leaner Hob Wanted.
In this issue we publish the report
of one of our consuls in England on
the question of bacotl for the English
market. It is interesting reading, and
should be taken to heart by all of our
hog producers. It illustrates the point
that people soon find out tne differ-
ence in quality of the things they buy
and refuse to pay high prices for poor
articles. V i have fondly imagined
Truck-Horse Rivals.- Probably the
hardest blow that has yet been struck
at the draught horse is the introduc-
tion of "auto-trucks." in New York
a company has beep formed to manu-
facture and use these trucks. Com-
pressed air is to be used as motive
power, and it is claimed that they will,
within a lew years, handle nine-tenths
of the trucking business. This will
mean a change from stone pavement
to either asphalt or iron, and will
throw heavy horses out of a job. It
will be a more serious blow to the
horse industry than the use of cable or
electric cars, or of the bicycle. An
express truck is now in service in Chi-
cago, which weighs 9,000 pounds, and
can carry between five and six tons.
This truck has carried a load of three
tons up and down the steepest inclines
of that city.-—Rural New Yorker.
Stock Fond of Straw.—Straw is
relished by stock at ti mm, as may be
noticed when cattle have access to a
straw rack, even when they are well
fed. Straw alone is not of value as a
food to a great extent, but it becomes
serviceable when made a portion of
the ration. No kind of food is suit-
able when it is given every day with
nothing else. Many foods consist large-
ly of water, containing but little solid
matter, but such fo<Kls become more
valuable when given a3 a variety be-
cause they promote digestion and pre-
vent waste.—Ex.
Mr. Alfred Mansell, secretary of the
English Shropshire Sheep Association,
has just arrived in New York. He
will visit in the states and Canada
about four weeks. He will be the
guest of Mortimer levering, secretary
of the American Shropshire Associa-
tion, most ci the time.
Locked in vile dens with only
barred windows for peep-holes; abused
and beaten by cruel masters; com-
pelled to submit to gross indignities;
bartered like beasts—this is the horri-
ble fate of hundreds of Japanese and
Chinese girls who are sold into slav-
ery in San Francisco and other Pa-
cific coast cities. This t»»ifflc in slave
girls forms one of the most hideous
callings that history has ever record-
ed, and the vile men and women who
make it their sole vocation are crea-
tures so low that murderers cannot be
classed in their category. It is a call-
ing that reaches across the Pacific
ocean into the homes of the poor peo-
ple of Japan and China, for profes-
sional procurers and procuresses are
regularly employed. These are thieves
and abductors, for many of thsj girls
are stolen from their homes when
their parents refuse to sell them.
1 hese men and women of the slave
trade journey through the interior dis-
tricts of China and Japan seeking the
most beautiful girls, marking them as
victims for their hideous business.
Sometimes the parents of these girls,
if they be burdened with large fam-
ilies, will sell for a price, but if they
refuse the girls are made captives and
carried away. As a usnai thing a pro-
curer or procuress who makes a jour-
ney across the ocean for recruits re-
turns with eight or ten girls. Various
schemes are resorted to in order to
land the young women in America, but
It Is very infrequent that they are sent
back. A pretty slave girl often brings
as high as $3,000, so that the business
of procuring recruits is a profitable
one. A bunch of new arrivals is made
the object of an animated bargain sale
by the ugly keepers of dives, who visit
the house where the new girls are kept
and bid for them as a stock raiser
would bid on a herd of cattle. The
poor girls are bartered away, and soon
after their arrival in America they
have become prisoners in some gilded
den where ugly Orientals and vile
white men compel them to submit to
the most shocking indignities. An in-
variable rule, in the transfer of a slave
girl from her procuress to the man who
has bought her, is to fill her hand with
bright coins, this for the purpose of
soothing the young creature's mind.
,But the coin remains in her possession
only until she has been safely in-
stalled in her master's dive, when not
only the money 13 taken from her, but
Bile is compelled to array herself in a
peculiar garment, and there is placed
on her head a flimsy coronet, which
signifies her character. And this hid-
utterly dissatisfied dynasty can be kept
together by a baby.
the fact that many of the slave vic-
tims are mere children. In recent
raids made by the 'Frisco authorities
children not yet 12 years of age have
been found arrayed in the character-
istic garb. The movement being made
to crush out the business of selling
girls into slavery is receiving material
assistance from missionaries \yho have
virtually taken their lives in their
hands and gone among the Highbind-
ers and other Chinamen in order to
break up this awful traffic in human
souls. They have rescued a number
of the slaves. From these some of the
secrets of the slave business have been
learned. And from these girls have
firemen on bicycles.
Kovsl Appliance* Introduced l.y the
Washington fire Department.
District Commissioner Wight is im-
proving the Washington (D. C.) fire
department, says a Washington dis-
patch to the Baltimore Sun. Several
months ago the old fire-alarm system
was replaced by a new one with key-
less boxes. Mr. Wight was then im-
pressed by the uselessness of having
all the firemen In the city called out
of their beds when only a few were
needed, so he Introduced a noiseless
alarm system. At each engine house
a watchman is on duty day and night
at a desk where fire alarms are an-
nounced on an Indicator. If the watch-
man sees the alarm is one to which
his company must respond a switch is
turned and the next call comes on a
large gong. Otherwise the firemen
have undisturbed repose. Commission-
>1 \\ ight next decided to mount a fire-
man at each engine house oil a bicycle,
who, whenever his company is called
out, shall precede It to a tire. It is
' ""Mated that the mounted firemen
should be able to reach a fire several
minutes before their companies and
be able to accomplish a great deal he-
lore the engines can arrive. Each bi-
(>cle fireman will be equipped with a
sinull chemical lire extinguisher. The
l itest innovation is a megaphone,which
will bo efficiently wielded by Assistant
Fire Chief Belt. Mr. Wight had no-
ticed that on many occasions it was
almost Impossible for the firemen to
understand the orders of the chiefs,
iml each was therefore compelled to
act almost entirely on his own respon-
sibility. The megaphone is fifteen
inches in length, and through its use
there should be no difficulty in dis-
tinguishing orders. It is expected that
each of tlie foremen and probably tho
bicycle firemen will later be equipped
with a megaphone. It Is intended also
to introduce automobile fire engines.
RELIGIOUS FORMS.
ccssorles Now in lllfcli Favor Wore
Once Forbidden.
1 lie use of Incense In churches was
forbidden as a heathen custom till the
fifth century. The use of holy water
was equally denounced as a practice of
the pagan priests of Rome and of tho
Itual of lsis. The asperglng of Julian
u Gaul is perhaps the earliest Instance
of the introduction of this practice,
which became a source of superstition
in the fifth century. The wonder-work-
ing power of the relics of the martyrs
began to be believed toward the close
of the fourth century, and Immediately
after we find complaint made of the
sale of forged relics, both in the east
and in the west. The sale of relics wa3
forbidden by Theodosius, yet they con-
stantly increased in numbers and im-
portance until the holy table was con-
verted into .an altar to hold them.
In the fifth century also ex voto of-
ferings began to he hung on the church
walls—a custom which was of heathen
origin. The use of lights was forbid-
den In the second century, in the day-
time, but crept in in the fifth century.
The Mithralc altars had much earlier
supported candles, but these may have
been necessary In underground chap-
els. Jerome wrote that it was slan-
derous to say that wax candles were
burned "in clear light," but Paulinus of
Nola, in 307 A. D., so decorated his
church on festivals.
A NOTED BRITISH DIPLOMAT.
Sir Claude Macdonald, the noted
British diplomat and minister plenipo-
tentiary to China, has returned to Eng-
land considerably advanced in public
favor on account of the masterly man-
ner in which he has met the wiles of
Li Hung Chang In dealing with Ori-
ental questions. Sir Claude is a K. C.
B. of the creation of 1898, and for three
years he has lived in the east as a
diplomatic agent of the United King-
dom. He is a son of the late Gen. J.
D. Macdonald. He was educated in
Sandhurst, and when a youth he en-
tered the Seventy-Fourth Highlanders'.'
In 1882 he was given the brevet of ma-
jor. and in that year he served through
the Egyptian campaign. He was in
A CHINESE SLAVE.
been obtained details which show the
hldeousness of their lives in the Chi-
nese resorts.
Hair Turned from White lo Black,
There have been several instances
of a man's hair turning from white
to black. One of th? most notable,
perhaps, was that of an engineet in
the fire department of Louisville, Ky.
His age was 65, and he was on duty
during a tremendous fire for fifteen
consecutive hours. The spray was con-
stantly flying from the hose, and he
became, in consequence of the low
temperature of the atmosphere, cov-
ered from head to foot with ice. He
wore a skull cap and a helmet on top
of that,so that his head was the warm-
est part of his body and not at all
exposed, though his eyebrows and
whiskers became wet and were frozen
Stiff. The afternoon after the ex-
posure his hair, which had become
gray eight years before, and for three
years bad been white, turned perfect-
ly black.
Terrible Deeds of Insane Men.
On the Courthouse square at Colum-
bia City, Ind., recently, William Mason,
who had become insane, cut his throat
and stabbed himself in the presence of
several hundred [eople, He had ccme
into the world wi.hout his consent and
was going out of it without consulting
anybody. A score of people tried to in-
terfere, but he fought them off.
1 " delays*are dangerous lawver* mn.t
eous traffic is made more horrible by be a brave lot. '
SIR CLAUDE MACDONALD.
the Suakim expedition (1884-85), and
won the medal with three clasps, the
khedive's star, and the fourth-class
order of Osmanieh. For five years he
wa3 a diplomatic agent In Egypt, and
he was consul-general at Zanzibar in
1887 and 1888.
Nutunilly lOiiotigh,
"I ga\« that poor man $1 a few days
ago. and told him to come around and
let me know how he got along." "Oh,
that was good of you! He was your
bread cast upon the waters." "I sup-
pose he was. Anyhow, he came back
eoaked.' "—Philadelphia Bulletin.
W'ah ll:i ma 11 WcHkneK*.
"Didn't he say he would never speak
to you again?" "Yes. But he saw I
had a cold, and he couldn't resist the
temptation to tell me of a sure cure."
— Boston Journal
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Hazelrigg, Charles. The Orlando Herald. (Orlando, Okla. Terr.), Vol. 7, No. 52, Ed. 1 Thursday, June 1, 1899, newspaper, June 1, 1899; Orlando, Oklahoma. (https://gateway.okhistory.org/ark:/67531/metadc404612/m1/3/?q=communication+theory: accessed June 27, 2024), The Gateway to Oklahoma History, https://gateway.okhistory.org; crediting Oklahoma Historical Society.