The Mangum Mirror (Mangum, Okla.), Vol. 1, No. 48, Ed. 1 Friday, August 31, 1917 Page: 2 of 9
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GERMAN OFFENSIVE NEAR RIGA
W
;
FIRST YEAR
CONGRESS PREPARES TO
ADD TWO BILLIONS TO
EXISTING BUDGET
SEVEN BILLIONS TO ALLIES
Bulk of Great Sum Will Be Raised By
Bond and Certificate Ihui, Ac-
cording to MfcAdoo's
Plans.
Washington.—1Two .billion, dollars
may be added 10 the total of bonds no
be authorized al the present seslon
of congress, making a tola! of approx
tmatoly twenty-one billion dollars
available to the government uunug
the fiscal year ending June 30, 1918.
Democratic Leader Kltchln aald
that estimates aubuilted to hlin by
the treasury department made It ap-
pear that the additional authorization
probably would be necessary.
Present indications, according to
Mr. Kltchln, are that nineteen billion
dollara will meet the expense of tnu
lineal year, but It la thought best to
liave a two billion margin for emer-
gencies.
"It now seems probable," he said,
that the total amount of money need
ed for the fiscal year will be about
nineteen bllliona. This estimate cov-
era about seven billion dollars tor
loana to the allies, three billion of
wblch already has been provided;
11,300,000,000 for current expenses ex-
clusive of war, leaving about ten bil-
lion for war expenses. Included in
the war estimate la J176.000.000 for
the new Insurance bill and one
billion dollara for the shipping board."
How It Will Be Raised.
The twenty-one billion dollars would
be raised as follows:
Bonds for allied loans, seven bil-
lions; pending revenue, two billions;
war certificates four billions; bonds
for domestic purposes already author-
ized, two billions, proposed new bonds,
two billions, war savings certificates,
two billions and regular revenue,
fl.300,000.000.
Approximately eleven billion dollars
of the foregoing amounts are included
in the bond and certificate bill which
the ways and means committee began
to consider. The bill would authorize
seven billion dollars for allied loans,
three billion to be used in refunding
3^ per cent bonds already authorized,
two billions in war certificates and
two billions in war savings certifi-
cates. It also contains an authoriza-
tion provision for two billions in waf
certificates and would provide for tak-
over other previously authorized
bonds in the following amounts: Pan-
ama canal $225,000,000; naval con-
struction $150,000,000; Mexican bor
der control. Danish West Indies and
Alaska railway. $100,000,000; three
per cent, Panama canal bonds issued
in 1916, $63,946,460.
No attempt will be made, Mr. Klt-
chln believes to add the newly sug-
gested two billion dollar isue to the
bill now before the committee. It will
come as a separate measure, if at all.
Several members indicated that
they would oppose Secretary McAdoo's
plan of taxing the bonds after he ap-
pears before the committee to explain
the measure. There was no indica-
tion however, of opposition to the gen
eral terms of the bill, and both demo-
cratic and tepublican committeemen
are expected to support it, once it
reaches the floor.
PUTS ON STRICT EMBARGO.
Strict Supervision To Be Exercised
Over All Exports.
Washington.—President Wilson has
tightened the government's control of
exports by issuing an order forbidding
the shipment of any goods to Kuro-
pean neutral countries except under
license and by extending the lists for
which licenses is required. It in-
cludes cotton, all meats, sugar and
most of America's other export com-
modities. Gold bullion was alBO add-
ed.
In a statement accompanying his
proclamation the president said that
one of the first intentions of the gov-
ernment will be to see that no Ameri-
can products are made the "occasion
of benefit to the enemy, either direct-
ly or indirectly." Officials interpreted
the order as forecasting a vigorous
use of the export control as a war
weapon, and a policy of the strictest
ration of countries contiguous to Ger-
many.
Exports to Germany and her allies
also are formally prohibited by the
president's order and this is under-
stood to mean that the exports control
1s about to supersede the British sys-
tem of giving letters of assurance for
American cargoes Up to now there
has been nothing except the British
blockade to prevent the shipment of
American goods to Germany.
NEWS OF THE
STATE CAPITAL
PREFERENCE RIGHT IN MAR-
LAND LEASES HOLDS
FOR PRESENT
] OermauN „p*n offensive between Hirer Aa and Ttrul marshes In direc-
tion of ltlga and force Russians to retreat. Farther to the north and west
Russian cavalry outposts are forced bn. k on town of Kemmern. 2-Teutou
ft,roes begin hesw bombardment of Russian forces In region of Pvlnsk.
WE CAN'T TRUST THE KAISER
WILSON TELLS POPE BENEDICT
Washington. The text of President Wilson's reply to Pope Benedict'*
peace proposal follows:
"To his holiness,
"!if acknowledgement of the communication of your holiness to the bellig.
erent jeoples dated Aug. 1, 1917, the president of the United States requests
me to transmit the following reply: ♦„,I.iht«
"Every heart that has not been blinded and hardened by this terrible
war must be touched by this moving appeal of his holiness, the pope must
feel the dignity and forces of the humane and generous motives which
prompted It? and must fervently wish that we might take the path ofpeace
he so persuasively pointB out. But it would be folly to take it, if it does not.
in fact, lead to the goal he proposes.
"Our response must be based upon stern facts and upon n°|hin8 else-
It is not a mere cessation of arms he desires; it is a stable and enduring
peace This agony must not be gone through with again and it must be a
matter of very sober Judgment that it will insure us against it
"His holiness, in Bubstance, proposes that we return to the status quo
ante bellum and then there be a general condonation, disarmament and a
concert of nations based upon acceptance of the P#ri"f.ip.le ,ofa"bitt"ti"?'
that by a similar concert freedom of the seas be established, and that the
territorial claims of France and Italy, the perplexing problems of the Balkan
states and the restitution of Poland be left to such conciliatory adjustments
as may be possible in the new temper of such a peace, due regard being pan1
to the aspirations of the peoples whose political fortunes and affiliations will
be involved. ., „ „ .
"To Make the World Safe."
"It is manifest that no part of this program can be successfully carried
out unless the restitution of the status quo ante furnishes a firm and """me-
tory basis for it. The object of this war is to deliver the free Pe°Pje® "*e
world from the menace and the actual power of a vast miUtary establishmerit
controlled by an irresponsible government, 7(h'ch- havi"f. X!
to dominate the world, proceeded to carry out the plan without regard either
to the sacred obligations of treaty or the long established practices and long
cherished principles of international action an<Lhonor; which ch°se "sown
time for war; delivered its blow fiercely and suddenly; stopped at no barrier,
either of law or of mercy; swept a whole continent with the tide of blood
not the blood of soldiers only, but the blood of Innocent women children
also, and of the helpless poor, and now stands balked but not defeated, the
enemy of four-fifths of the world. The power is not the German people. It is
the ruthless master of the German people. It is no business of ours how that
great people came under its control or submitted with temporary zest to the
domination of its purpose; but it is our business to see to it that the history
of the rest of the world is no longer left to its handling.
"To deal with such a power by way of peace upon the plan proposed by
hia holiness the pope, would, so far as we can see, involve a recuperation of
its strength and a renewal of its policy; and would make it necessary to
create a permanent hostile combination of nations against the German P^P1®.
who are its instruments; and would result in abandoning thei new•bornJ^s'a
to the intrigue, the manifold subtle interference and the certain counter revo-
lution which would be attempted by all the malign influences to which the
German government has of late accustomed the world Can peace be based
upon a restitution of its power or upon any word of honor it could pledge
in a treaty of settlement and accommodation?
"Peace Must Rest Equally On All."
"Responsible statesmen must now everywhere see, if they never saw
before that no peace can rest securely upon political or economic restrictions
meant to benefit some nations and cripple or embarrass others upon vin-
dictive action of any sort or any kind of revenge or deliberate injury The
American people have suffered intolerable wrongs at the hands of the imperial
German government, but they desire no reprisal upon the German people
who have themselves suffered all things in this war which they did not
choose.^ beileve tjjat peace should rest upon rights of peoples, not rights
of governments—the rights of peoples great or small, weak or powerful
their equal rights to freedom and security and self-government and to a par-
ticipation upon fair terms in the economic opportunities of the world—the
German people of course included, if they will accept equality and not seek
d0m'The°ntest, therefore, of every plan of peace is this: Is it based upon
faith of all the peoples involved, or merely upon word of an ambit.ous and
intriguing government on the one hand and of a group of free peoples on
the other? This is a test which goes to the root of the matter and it is the
test which must be applied.
"Mus Be Based On Rights of Man.
"The purposes of the United States in this war are known to the whole
world—to every people to whom the truth has been permitted to come. Tney
do not need to be stated again. We seek no material advantage of any kind.
We believe that the intolerable wrongs done in this war by the furious and
brutal power of the imperial government ought to be repaired, but not at the
expense of any people—rather a vindication of the sovereignty both of those
I that are weak and those that are strong.
i "Punitive damages, the dismemberment of empires, the establishment
! of selfish and exclusive leagues we deem Inexpedient and in the end worse
i than futile, no proper basis for a peace of any kind, least of all for an enduring
| peace. That must be based upon justice and fairness and the common rights
i °' '"We cannot take the word of the present rulers of Germany as a guarantee
of anvthing that is to endure, unless explicitly supported by such conclusive
evidence of the will and purpose of the German people themselves as the
i other peoples of the world would be justified in accepting.
"Without such guarantees, treaties of settlement, agreements for dis-
i armament, covenants to set up arbitration in place of force, territorial adjust*
i ments reconstrutcions of small nations, if made with the German go\ern-
I ment. no man. no nation would depend on. We must await some new evidence
of the purposes of the great peoples of the central powers
"God grant it mav be given soon and in a way to restore tlie confidence
of all peoples everywhere in faith of nations and the possibility of a cov-
| enanted peace. "ROBERT LANSING,
The note says that Germany "in or
dcr to maintain friendly relations with
Argentina, is willing to modify her
blockade of enemy coasts, allowing
freedom of the seas to vessels under
the Argentine flag carrying food " The
note also promises the payment of an
indemnity for the sinking of the Ar-
gentine steamer Toro by a German
submarine.
NEWS FROM STATE OFFICES
What th« State Officials and Depart
menu Are Doing—It#ma of In-
terest About the State
Government.
An opinion from Guy I". Nelson,
assistant attorney general, has
thrown the E. W. Marland leases and
the preference right contention back
to the status it held before a proposal
was made to submit the constitution-
ality of the law to the supreme court
In an agreed statement of facts.
According to Mr. Nelson, It will be
Impossible to make an agreed state-
ment of facts at this time in a way
that the constitutionality of the pref-
erence right leases can be brought be-
fore the supreme court. He says that
any action taken at this time is pre-
mature and would not bring the re-
sult desired by the school land com-
missioners.
Secretary of State Lyon, acting up-
on Mr. Nelson's opinion, announced
that he would favor the commission
proceeding to advertise the E. W.
Marland leases under the preference
right clause. He intimated that he
would not try further to have a test
suit brought.
Other school land commissioners,
except Governor Williams, probably
will agree with Mr. Lyon to go ahead
with the preference right agreement.
This probably will be productive of
the suit that is needed to question the
constitutionality of the preference
right, as in this event Governor Will-
iams probably would file, through the
attorney general's office, an injunc-
tion suit to prevent the property being
advertised.
Tax Delinquents Cited.
Petitions to have seventeen promi-
nent Tulsa and Muskogee county men
appear in district court and make a
statement of their incomes for the
past year so that they might be
assessed an income tax were filed in
district court last week by E. B. How-
ard, state auditor.
The petitions state that the men had
been notified to appear before the
state auditor and declare their in-
comes, but that the men had failed
to answer the summons. The penalty
tor failure to declare incomes is a
fine of $100, the petition states, up
to March 1, and $5 a day after March
The following men were cited to ap-
pear in the district court of Oklahoma
county: Robert Oglesby, I. D. Pilcher,
J. Carl Smith, R. H. Shaw, O. L. Chan-
cellor, T. T. Curtis, L. A. Campbell, J.
B Foster, Frank Gillarist, R S. Ayres,
Walter Brown, J. L. Cavenaugh, T. P.
Melvin, J. H. Simmons, W. F. Stahl,
C. G. Tibbens and Wood Hurp
Want Higher Rates for Coal.
Five railroads filed an application
with the state corporation commis-
sion for an Inciease of 16 cents a ton
in the intra state rates on coal and
coke.
The railroads which have combined
to make the application are the Chi-
cago, Rock Island ft Pacific, the Mis-
souri, Kansas & Texas, Atchison, To-
peka & Santa Fe, Gulf, California &
Santa Fe and the Frisco. No date for
the hearing of the application Has
been set by the commission.
It is the contention of the railroads
that the present rate is non-compen-
sating and confiscatory. The fact
that the intra state rate is Icsb than
the inter-state rate fixed by the in-
terstate commerce commission is set
forth in the petition and thia, it is
held, Is a discrimination against ship-
pers outside of the state.
ARGENTINA BLUFFS KAISER
Germany Shows Signs of Having
Enough To Attend To.
Buenos Aires—Germany's reply to
Argentina's note embodying demands
in connection with the submarine
campaign as affecting Argentine ship-
ping. has been received
1,400-MHe
Terra ilai
Biles of tra
built from IN
state line In
Trolley
ite, Ind
Rides Posible.
-A link of a fei
?r th$
. Ind .
Minesota Closed to Agitators.
St Paul.—Governor J. A. A. Burn
qnist issued a proclamation prohibit
lug the
for IVm
ing its
•polls «
The gov
sort fr
People s row
oermcr and P<
from
red a
Senate Still Tinkering.
Washington.—Senate finance com
littee leaders, recognising the grow-
ig demand for heavier taxation upon
ar profits, tent..tive'v drafted at pri-
ste conferences amendments to the
ar tax bill designed to Increase the
ross levy on this sourre from SI
Wild Game Birds To Be Protected.
George A. Smith, state game and
fish warden, is lying plans for the
propagation of wild game birds in
Oklahoma on a scale that he believes
will result in the production of mil-
lions of pounds of food and thus at
the same time perform an economic
and patriotic duty.
The establishment of four or more
game preserves in the next year is
the aim of Mr. Smith. Governor Will-
iams is deeply interested in the propa-
gation of game birds, and is lending
the department assistance in Its work.
Among the birds which will be prop-
agated are the common quail, native
to Oklahoma; the ring-neck pheasant,
Mexican blue quail. California quail,
and mountain and valley quail. Wild
turkeys, partridges, prairie chickens
and some varieties of the grouse
family also will be propagated.
No Papers to France.
Postmasters have received instruc-
tions from Washington to consign all
! newspapers to the waste basket that
aje rent to the postoffice bearing a
' one-cent stamp under the impression
! that the papers will be sent to soldiers
In France The instructions received
I yesterday state specifically that only
I tnaaniine* will be carried under the
Oklahoma Quota Ready.
Oklahoma will have one-third of Its
quota ready for service under the se-
lective draft Beptember 6. Adjutant
Ueueral Ancel Karp was advised by
the war department that he could cer-
tify all of the men from one district
if necessary.
Earp had notified the war depart-
ment that Oklahoma would be at leaat
three days late in furnishing the flrat
third of Its quota. He was then under
the impression that eaqh of the three
appellate districts of Oklahoma
would have to furnish Its third.
The telegram from the war depart-
ment explained that this would not be
necessar/. Just so each of the districts
furnished Its proportionate share of
the total.
As a result of the new turn of af-
fairs, Earp says there is no doubt that
the number of men asked to be ready
by September 5 will be available.
The Muskogee district, which Is far
advanced with Its work, will furnish
the greater part of the men, and the
Tulsa and Oklahoma City dlstricU
will be used to fill In v/hat Muskogee
lacks. Then in the second and third
quotas the Tulsa and Oklahoma City
boards will have to be ready to fur-
nish the greater part of the men.
"Every man who has not received a
notice of discharge from his local
board must hold himself in readiness
for InBtant service," said General
Earp. "They should get their affairs
in shape to leave at once, for the call
may come at any time, and they may
not have more than twenty-four hours
In which to report."
Bids Exceed Appropriation.
The Increased cost of building ma-
terial was reacted in bids for the ad-
ministration of the state school for
the blind which were opened by the
staate board of affairs. The lowest
bid on the construction of the build-
ing according to specifications laid
down by the board of affairs waa
14,000 more than the appropriation
made by the legislature. '
The contract for the construction
work was awarded to the L. F. Lee
Construction Company of Oklahoma
City, the lowest bidder, for $60,000,
after $4,000 had been trimmed from
he speciflcaions. The legislaure ap-
propriated $60,000 for the structure.
A contract for the completion of the
science building of the Oklahoma uni-
versity at Norman was awarded to
the Holmboe Construction Company
of Oklahoma City for $18,890.
Defense Council Needs Funds.
The state council of defense needs
$40,000 with which to carry on sit
work and raising of this money has
been delegated to county councils, an
amount having been apportioned to
each. The amount asked of each
county ranges from $100 for some ot
those in the western part of the state
to $2,000 of Oklahoma and Tulsa
counties. Subscriptions to the fund
will be asked with the explanation
that the government will recommend
to the next legislature that it appro
prlate money to reimburse them.
Books Not Appreciated.
A request that county suerintendent?
make use of literature and Instruction
books furnished by the state has been
made in letters sent out by the state
board of education. Copies of school
laws, the biennial report and a guide
to better schools have been sent to
all of the county superintendents.
According to R. H. Wilson, state su-
perintendent, several instances have
been found in which county superin-
tendents did not even unwrap the
bundles but turned them over to
ladies' aid societies as old paper.
Let Contracts For Two Buildings.
The state board of affairs has let
the contract to L. F. Lee, Oklahoma
City, for the construction of the ad-
ministration building for the stats
echool for the blind, at Muskogee. The
price is $47,600. The appropriation
for the building was $50,000. The
board also let the contract to the
Holmboe Construction Co. for the com-
pletion of the chemistry building at
the state university, for $18,500. The
building had been erected but was
never completed because of insufficient
funds.
Double Jurisdiction Over Dodgers
By the action of federal author ties
at Enid the question of who will make
the investigations regarding false
statements on exemption claims arose.
Dewitt Bolton has been arrested for
making claims which the government
asserts are not supported by facts.
He is said to have claimed exemption
on the ground that relatives are de-
pendent upon him. Federal authori-
ties here assert that the state govern-
ments are empowered to act in prose-
cuting such cases, but imposters are
going to be checked up both ways.
Rains Favorable to Boll Weevil.
The boll weevil has put in his ap-
pearance in cotton fields In many
parts of the state, according to re-
ports of county agents to the state de-
partment of agriculture. The insect
has appeared in the wake of the re-
eent heavy rains.
!*r maki
Coal Rate Hearing Set for October.
The date for the hearing of the ap-
plication of Oklahoma railroads for
an Increase In coal rates waa eet for
| October 11 by the state corporation
I commission The roads are asking for
an lncrea«e of 15 cents a ton.
.
Legislator Resigns.
Representative Fletcher Riley o
lavtoa ha« reetgned aa a member of
' the legtelature ta order to accept a
• eossaileetoa ia the United State* army
Mtf a free!tag
SHADOWS OF COMINO BtfBNTS.
Au*. 21-21, Comanche county fal^
UMeptn 4-7. Kingfisher county fair. K n«-
4-7. Major county fair.
Sept. 4-7. l-uiuoloe county vAd*
Sept. 4-7. Trl-county lair.
(Sept. 6-1, Bryan countv fair, D"1*'1*
M«pt. 6-1 Jackson county fair.
Bept. «-I. Sequoyah county
Sept. 10-16. Urant county fair, Jeffer
"«ept. 11-11. Custer county fair. Themas.
Kept. 11-1 J. Okfuskee county fair.
Okemah. .
Hept. 12-11, Caddo county fair. Ana
12-16, Grady county fair. Chlek-
"Sept. 12-11. Jefferson county f*l5; Ry"n-
Kept. K-16. l'ittsburg county fair, si-
Aleater. • .
(Sept. 11-16. District lair. Bartow.
dept. 11-16, Blame county fair, Wa
,0S"pt. 12-16, Craig county fair. Vinita.
Sept. 12-16, Cherokee county fair, T a-
te|£lept. 12-15, Johnston county fair, Tlsh-
'"sept?" 16-12, .Csrter county fair. Ard-
Tpt. 12-16, North Lincoln County fair,
**rept. 17—Annual convention £?k!a£onm
State Federation of Labor, Oklahoma
C8ei>t.. 17-12, Canadian county fair, Kl
RSept 17-12, Hugnee county fair, Hul-
lenvlile. . .
Sept. 17-12, Mclntoeh county fair, f-u-
HZt. 17-12, Wagoner county fair, Wag-
'"sept. 17-12, Woodward county fair.
Woodward. .
Sept. 17-22, foliawatomle county fair.
Shawnee. „
Sept. 12-19, Oklahoma county rair.
Oklahoma City ^
Sept. 18-20 Wood a county fair.Dacoma.
Sept. 18-21—Rogere Counay Fair. Clare-
"sept. 18-21, Logan county fair, Outhrle.
Sept. 18-21, Ottawa county fair. Miami.
Sept. 1S-22, Caddo county fair. Ana-
larko. „ .
Sept. 19-22, Beckham county fair, Elk
City
Sept. 19-22, Kiowa county fair. Hobart.
Sept. 23-26, Kiamichi valley fair. Tali-
Sept 27-29, Haskell county fair. Stigler.
Oct. 2-6, Washington county fair.
Oct.'3-6, Nowata county fair. Nowata.
Oct. 3-6, Pawnee county fair. Hallett.
Oct. 4-6. Mayes county fair. Pryor.
Oct. 16-20, Indian land sale, Hugo.
Oct. 22-24, Indian land sale. Poteau.
Oct. 24-26. Garfield county fair.
Oct. 26, Indian land sale, Wilburton.
Oct. 26, Indian land sale, McAlester.
Oct. 27, Indain land sale. Coalgate.
Oct. 29. Indian land sale. Stigler.
Oct. 30, Indian l^nd sale, Pauls Valley.
Oct. 21, Indian land sale, Ardmore.
Tha Rt. Rsv. Theopole Meershaert,
bishop of the Roman Catholic dioces*
of Oklahoma, celebrated his seven
tieth birthday, Aug 24.
The men of the First Oklahoma in-
fantry received their pay last week at
Lawton. The pay roll of the regiment
now amounts to $53,000.
The new Frisco station in Oklahoma
City will cost approximately $300,000.
Bids for the structure have been adver
tised for throughout the country.
Sheriff John Woofter of Creek
county has recalled the commission-
of Deputy Sheriff L. E. Gibson ot
Drumright. The sheriff accuses Gib-
son of stealing confiscated liquor.
While his wife was attending church,
at Dewar, Al Johnson of Henryetta
was stabbed through the heart with
a butcher knife and almost instantly
killed as be sat at a card game.
The Mtetnodist Episcopal church ot
Cleveland will erect a $7,000 churcti
building, to be built of brick. Tha
work will be started as soon as tha
members and the building committee
raise the first *4,000.
Ignacio Roche, Spanish-Irish-Amer-
ican, is believed to have made th
record jump in the government serv-
ice. When he left Pawhuska he waa
g cook in the Osage school and when
he returned he was a lieutenant in>
the United States army. Roche waa
In camp at Fort Logan H. Roots.
Lifting of the army censorship dis-
closed the fact that only one man waa
killed at Fort Sill by the explosion of
n old shrapnel shell, instead of two.
The body of James Kelley, cook for
Battery A, Second Missouri field artil-
lery, was sent to Kansas City for
burial. The injured men probably will
recover.
Actual construction of the Buffalo
Northwestern railroad, a 52 mile line
from Waynoka to Buffalo, will begin
within the next ten days, it is an-
nounced. Final survey is well under
way and materials i:re being as-
sembled. Six grading gangs will ba
started at locations scattered all along
the route.
News has oeen received here of tha
iudden death of Gus. H. Beaulieu, per-
I haps the foremost Indian in the Uni-
ted States. He was editor of the
I Tomahawk at White Earth, Minn , and
I representative of the Indians in many
s legal and diplomatic battle. He
| was well known to Oklahomans and
! a relative of George Beaulieu, who ia
In the Indian service at Pawhuska.
Declaring that the Creelt county ex-
; emption board for division No. 1 has
: used favoritism and discrimination in
I allowing and disallowing exemption
claims, a delegation of twelve Drum-
right men accepted for service under
the draft law, are protesting against
the conduct of the boatJ. They de-
clare if they get no satisfaction they
. will put the matter before the war ds
partment al Washington.
Upon his return to Washington.
Congressman Scott Ferris will tske rp-
; the matter of supplying Oklahoma
farmers with pine and redwooi seeds.
Ferris will work through the depar:.
I ment of agriculture with the object
I of having waste pine seeds of the
i Carolina* and redwood seed« of Cali-
I fornia supplied to farmers In tbe
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Ryder, J. W. The Mangum Mirror (Mangum, Okla.), Vol. 1, No. 48, Ed. 1 Friday, August 31, 1917, newspaper, August 31, 1917; Mangum, Oklahoma. (https://gateway.okhistory.org/ark:/67531/metadc279829/m1/2/?q=%22%22~1: accessed July 16, 2024), The Gateway to Oklahoma History, https://gateway.okhistory.org; crediting Oklahoma Historical Society.