Hollis Tribune (Hollis, Okla.), Vol. 1, No. 17, Ed. 1 Friday, December 9, 1910 Page: 3 of 8
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V
'
PRESIDENT ITS H
Resume of the Work of the Various
Departments of the Goverment Is
Presented to Congress.
NEED OF ECOMCNY POINTED OUT
s_
Has Little to Say About the Tariff—Work on
Panama Canal Is Reviewed—No Change
in Anti-Trust Laws—Interstate
Commerce Laws Are Discussed.
*
Washington, Dec. 6.—In the longest
document of Its kind ever sent to
congress, President Taft reviews at
length the business of the year in the
various departments of the national
government. The settlement of the
ftahries dispute with England through
the Hague tribunal comes in for a
considerable share of the president's
attention. The history of the fisheries
dispute and the establishment of the
tribunal are comprehensively review-
ed.
The president gives a resume of the
foreign relations of the government,
which are declared to be in a satisfac-
tory condition.
Variff Negotiations.
Referring to the negotiation of new
tariff agreements President Taft
sayst
"The new tariff law, in Section 2,
respecting the maximum and mini-
mum tariffs of the United States,
"which provisions came into effect on
April 1, 1910, imposed upon us re-
sponsibility of determining prior to
that date whether any undue discrim-
ination existed against the United
States and its products in any coun-
try of the world with which we sus-
tained commercial relations.
"In the case of several countries In-
stances of apparent undue discrimina-
tion against American commerce were
found to exist. These discriminations
were removed by negotiation. Prior
to April 1, 1910, when the maximum
tariff was to come into operation with
respect to importations from all those
countries in whose favor no proclama-
tion applying the minimum tariff
should be issued by the president, one
hundred and thirty-four Buch procla-
mations were issued.
"This series of proclamations em-
braced the entire commercial world
and hence the minimum tariff of the
United States has been given univer-
sal application, thus testifying to the
satisfactory character of our trade
relations with foreign countries.
"Marked advantages to the com-
merce of the United States were ob-
tained through these tariff settle-
ment*.
"Tne policy of broader and closer
trade relations with the Dominion of
Canada which was initiated in the ad-
justment of the maximum and mini-
mum provisions of the tariff act of
August. 1909, has proved mutually
beneficial. It justifies further efforts
for the readjustment of the commer-
cial relations of the two countries so
that their commerce may follow the
channels natural to contiguous coun-
tries and be commensurate with the
steady expansion of trade and indus-
try on both sides of the boundary
line"
Ship Subsidy.
The president urges such action as
he believes will increase American
trade abroad, and says:
"Another instrumentality indispen-
sable to the unhamapered and natural
development of American commerce Is
merchant marine. All maritime and
commercial nations recognize the im-
portance of this factor. The greatest
commercial nations, our competitors,
jealously foster their merchant ma-
rine. Perhaps nowhere is the need
for rapid and direct mail, passenger
and freight communication quite so
urgent as between the United States
and Latin America. We can secure
in no other quarter of the world such
Immediate benefits in friendship and
commerce as would flow from the es-
tablishment of direct lines of com-
munication with the countries of
Latin America adequate to meet the
requirements of a rapidly increasing
appreciation of the reciprocal depen-
dence of the countries of the western
hemisphere upon each other's prod-
ucts, sympathies and assistance.
"I alluded to this most important
subject in my last annual message; it
has often been before you and I need
not recapitulate the reasons for its
recommendation. Unless prompt ac-
tion be taken the completion of the
Panama canal will find this the only-
great commercial nation unable to
avail in international maritime busi-
ness of this great contribution to the
means of the world's commercial in-
tercourse."
Governmental Expense.
To no one subject does he devote
more space than to the expense of
conducting the various government
departments and the urgent need for
economy, and in this connection he
says:
••Every effort has been made by
each department chief to reduce the
estimated cost of his department for
the ensuing fiscal year ending June
30, 1912. I say this in order that con-
gress may understand that these esti-
mates thus made present the smallest
sum which will maintain the depart
ments, bureaus and offices of the gov-
ernment and meet its other obliga-
tions under existing law, and that a
cut of these estimates would result
in embarrassing the executive branch
of the government in the performance
of its duties. This remark does not
apply to the river and harbor esti-
mates, except to those for expenses of
maintenance and the meeting of obli-
gations under authorized contracts,
nor does it apply to the public build-
ing bill nor to the navy building pro-
gram. Of course, as to these con-
gress could withhold any part or all
of the estimates for them without in-
terfering with the discharge of the or-
dinary obligations of these functions
of its departments, bureaus and of-
fices.
"The final estimates for the year
ending June 30, 1912, as they have
been sent to the treasury on Novem-
ber 29 of this year, for the ordinary
expenses of the government, including
those for public buildings, rivers and
harbors, and the navy building pro-
gram, amount to $630,494,013.12. This
is $52,964,887.36 less than the ap-
propriations for the fiscal year end-
ing June 30, 1911. It is $16,883,153.44
less than the total estimates, includ-
ing supplemental estimates submitted
to congress by the treasury for the
year 1911, and is $5,574,659.39 less
than the original estimates submitted
by the treasury for 1911.
"These fiugres do not include the
appropriations for the Panama canal,
the policy In respect to which ongbt
to be, and is, to spend as much each
year as can be economically and ef-
fectively expended In order to com-
plete the canal as promptly as possi-
ble, and therefore, the ordinary mo-
tive for cutting down the expense of
the government does not apply to ap-
propriations for this purpose.
"Against the estimates of expendi-
tures, $640,494,013.12, we have estimat-
ed receipts for next year $680,000,000,
making a probable surplus of ordinary
receipts over ordinary expenditures of
about $50,000,000, or taking into ac-
count the estimates for the Panama
canal, which are $56,920,847.69, and
which will ultimately be paid in bonds,
it will leave a deficit for the next
year of about $7,000,000, if congress
shall conclude to fortify the canal."
The Tariff.
The President devotes but little
space to the subject of the tariff law,
and of it he says:
"The schedules of the rates of duty
the Payne tariff act have been sub-
jected to a great deal of criticism,
some of it just, more of it unfounded,
and to much misrepresentation. The
act was adopted in pursuance of a
declaration by the party which is re-
sponsible for it thpt customs bill
should be a tariff for the protection
of home industries, the measure of
the protection to be the difference be-
tween the cost of producing the im
ported article abroad and the cost of
producing it at home, together with
such addition to that difference as
might give a reasonable profit to the
home producer. The basis for the
criticism of this tariff is that in re-
spect to a number of the schedules
the declared measure was not follow-
ed, but a higher difference retained or
inserted by way of undue discrimina-
tion in favor of certain industries and
manufactures. Little, if any, of the
criticism of the tariff has been direct-
ed against the protective principle
above stated; but the main body of
the criticism has been based on the
attempt to conform to the measure of
protection was not honestly and sin-
cerely adhered to."
The Tariff Board.
The president refers to the appoint
ment of a board of experts to InveBti
gate the cost of production of various
articles included In the schedules of
the tariff, and says:
"The tariff board thus appointed
and authorized has been diligent in
preparing itself for the necessary in
vestigations. The hope of those who
have advocated the use of this board
for tariff purposes Is that the question
I of the rate of a duty imposed shall
[ become more of a business question
and less of a political question, to be
j ascertained by experts of long train-
ing and accurate knowledge. The
halt in business and the shock to busi-
ness, due to the announcement that a
new tariff bill Is to be prepared and
put In operation will be avoided by
treating the schedules one by one as
occasion Bhall arise for a change In
the rates of each, and only after a re
port upon the schedule by the tariff
board competent to make such report.
It Is not likely that the board will be
able to make a report during the pres
ent session of congress on any of the
schedules, because a proper examina-
tion Involves an enormous amount of
detail and a great deal of care; but I
hope to be able at the opening of the
new congress, or at least during the
session of that congress, to bring to
its attention the facts in regard to
those schedules In the present tariff
that may prove to need amendment."
Our Island Possessions.
"During the last summer, at my
request, the secretary of war visited
the Philippine islands and has de-
scribed his trip In the report. He
found the islands in a state of tran
quillity and growing prosperity, due
largely to the change in the tariff
laws, which has opened the markets
of America to the products of the
Philippines, and has opened the Phil-
ippine markets to American manu-
factures.
"The year has been one of prosper-
ity and progress in Porto Rico.
Panama Canal.
"At the Instance of Colonel Goeth-
als, the army engineer officer In
charge of the work on the Panama
canal, 1 have Just made a visit to
the Isthmus to inspect the work done
and to consult with him on the
ground as to certain problems which
are likely to arise in the near fu-
ture. The progress of the work is
most satisfactory. If no unexpected
obstacle presents itself, the canal
will be completed well within the
time fixed by Colonel Goethals, to-
wlt, January 1, 1915, and within the
estimate of cost, $375,000,000.
"Among questions arising for pres-
ent solution is the decision whether
the canal shall be fortified. 1 have
already stated to the congress that
I strongly favor fortification and I
now reiterate this opinion and ask
your consideration of the subject in
the light of the report already be-
fore you made by a competent board.
"Another question which arises for
consideration and possible legislation
is the question of tolls in the canal.
This question is necessarily affected
by the probable tonnage which will
go through the canal.
"In determining what the tolls
should be we certainly ought not to
insist that for a good many years to
come they should amount to enough
to pay the interest on the invest-
ment of $400,000,000 which the United
States has made in the construction
of the canal. We ought not to do
this, first, because the benefits to be
derived by the United States from
this expenditure is not to be meas-
ured solely by a return upon the in-
vestment. If it were then the con-
struction might well have been left
to private enterprise.
"My own impression is that the
tolls ought not to exceed $1 per net
ton, and I should recommend that
within certain limits the president be
authorized to fix the tolls of the canal
and adjust them to what seems to
be commercial necessity
"I cannot close this reference to
the canal without suggesting as a
wise amendment to the interstate
commerce law a provision prohibiting
interstate commerce railroads from
owning or controlling ships engaged
in the trade through the Panama
canal. 1 believe such a provision
may be needed to save to the people
of the United States the benefits of
the competition In trade between the
eastern ai#d western seaboards which
this canal was constructed to secure."
Department of Justice
Discussing the affairs of the de-
partment of Justice, the president
says:
"I invite especial attention to the
prosecutions under the federal law
of the so-called 'bucket shops,' and
of those schemes to defraud in which
the use of the mail is an essential
part of the fraudulent conspiracy,
prosecutions which have saved ig-
norant and weak members of the pub-
lic and are saving them hundreds of
millions of dollars. The violations of
the anti-trust law present perhaps the
most important litigation before the
department, and the number of cases
filed shows the activity of the govern-
ment in enforcing that statute.
in a special message last year I
brought to the attention of congress
the propriety and wisdom of enacting
a general law providing for the in-
corporation of industrial and other
companies engaged in interstate com-
merce, and I renew my recommen-
dation in that behalf."
The crying need In the United
States of cheapening the cost of liti-
gation by simplifying judicial proced
ure and expediting final judgment Is
pointed out and action looking to cor-
rection of these evils Is iirged.
The president recommends an in
crease in the salaries of federal
judges
Postal Savings Banks.
"At Its last session congress made
p rovision for the establishment of
savings banks by the postofflce de-
partment of this government by which
under general control of trustees, con-
sisting of the postmaster general, the
secretary of the treasury and the at
forney general, the system could be
operation than any similar system
abroad. Arrangements have been per
fected so that savings banks will be
opened in some cities and towns on
the 1st of January, and there will be a
gradual extension of the benefits of
the plan to the rest of the country."
"It 1b gratifying," Bays the president,
"that the reduction in the postal
deficit has been accomplished without
any curtailment of postal facilities.
On the contrary, the service has been
greatly extended during the year in
all Its branches."
Second-Class Mall.
"In my last annual messnge I In-
vited the attention of congress to the
Inadequacy of the postal rate Imposed
upon second-class mall matter In so
far as that Includes magazines, and
showed by figures prepared >iy experts
of the postofflce department that the
government was rendering a service
to the magazines, costing many mil
lions In excess of the compensation
paid. An answer was attempted to
this by the representatives of the
magazines, and a reply was filed to
this answer by the postofflce depart-
ment. The utter inadequacy of the
answer, considered in the light of the
reply of the postofflce department, I
think must must appeal to any fair-
minded person. Whether the answer
was all that could be said In behalf of
the magazines is another question. I
agree that the question Is one of fact;
but I Insist that If the fact is as the
experts of the postofflce department
show, that we are furnishing to the
owners of magazines a service worth
millions more than they pay for it,
then justice requires that the rate
should be increased. The increase In
the receipts of the department result-
ing from this change may be devoted
to Increasing the usefulness of the de-
partment In establishing a parcels
post and ln<reduclng the cost of first-
class postage to one cent. It has been
said by the postmaster general that a
fair adjustment might be made under
which the advertising part of the
magazine should be charged for at a
different and higher rate from that of j
the reading matter. This would re-
lieve many useful magazines that are
not circulated at a profit, and* would
not shut them out from the use of the
malls by a prohibitory rate.
With respect to the parcels post, I
respectfully recommend Its adoption
on all rural delivery routes, and that
11 pounds—the International limit—be
made the limit of carriage in such
post."
Abolish Navy Yards.
The president calls attention to cer-
tain reforms urged by the secretary of
the navy which he recommends for
adoption, and continues:
The estimates of the navy depart-
ment are $5,000,000 leBS than the ap-
propriations for the same purpose last
year, and included In this Is the build-
ing program of the same amount as
that submitted for your consideration
last year. It Is merely carrying out
the plan of building two battleships a
year, with a few needed auxiliary ves-
sels. 1 earnestly hope that this pro-
gram will be adopted.
"The secretary of the navy has
given personal examination to every
navy yard, and has 6tudled the uses
of the navy yards with reference to
the necessities of our fleet. With a
fleet considerably tess than half the
size of that of the British navy, we
have shipyards more than double the
number, and there are several of these
shipyards expensively equipped with
modern machinery, which, after Inves-
tigation the secretary of the navy be-
lieves to be entirely useless for naval
purposes. He asks authority to aban-
don certain of them and to move their
machinery to other places, where it
can be made of use."
"The complete success of our coun-
try in arctic exploration should not re-
main unnoticed. The unparalleled
achievement of Peary In reaching the
north pole, April 6, 1909, approved by
critical examination of the most ex-
pert scientists, has added to the dis-
tinction of our navy, to which he be-
longs, and reflects credit upon his
country. I recommend fitting recogni-
tion by congress of the great achieve
ment of Robert Edwin Peary."
Conservation.
"The subject of the conservation of
the public domain has commanded the
attention of the people within the last
two or three years.
"There is no need for radical re-
form in the methods of disposing of
what are really agricultural lands. The
present laws have worked well. The
enlarged homestead law has encour-
aged the successful farming of lands
in the seini-arid regions.
"N-othing can be more Important in
the matter of conservation than the
treatment of our forest lands. It was
probably the ruthless destruction of
forests in the older states that first
called attention to the necessity for a
halt in the waste of our resources.
"in the present forest reserves there
are lands which are not properly for-
est, and which ought to be subject to
homestead entry. This has caused
some local irritation. We are care-
fully eliminating such lands from for-
est reserves or where their elimina-
tion is not practical listing them for
entry under the forest homestead act.
"Congress ought to trust the execu-
tive to use the power of reservation
only with respect to land most valu-
able for forest purposes. During the
present administration, 62,250,000
acres of land largely non-timbered,
have been excluded from forest re-
land
ginning ot this administration there
were withdrawn from «ntry for pur
poses of classification 17,867,000 acres
Since that time there have been with
drawn by in." order from entry for
classification 78.977,745 acres, making
a total withdrawal of 96,844,745 acres.
Meantime of the acres thus with-
drawn 1,061.889 have been classified
and found not to contain coal and
have been restored to agricultural en-
try, and 4,726.091 acres have been
classified as coal lands; while 7.993,239
acres remain withdrawn from entry
and await classification, in addition
337,000 acres have been classified aH
coal lands without prior withdrawal,
thus Increasing the classified coal
lands to 10,429,372 acres.
"Under the laws providing for the
disposal of coal lands In the United
States, the minimum price at which
lands are permitted to be sold is $10
an acre; but the secretary of the in-
terior has the power to fix a maximum
price and to sell at that price.
"As one-third of all the coal supply
Is held by the government. It seems
wise that It should retain such con
trol over the mining and the Balo as
the relation of lessor to lessee fur-
nishes.
"The secretary of the interior thinks
there are difficulties iu the way of
leasing public coal lauds, which ob-
jections he has set forth In his re-
port. the force of which I freely con
cede. 1 entirely approve his stating
at length In his report of the objec
Hons In order that the whole subject
may be presented to congress, but
after a full consideration, for the rea-
sons I have given above, I favo* a
leasing system uud reconunepd It."
Water Power Sites.
"Prior to March 4, 1909, there had
been, on the recommendation of the
reclamation service, withdrawn from
agricultural entry, because they were
regarded as useful for power Bites
which ought not to be disposed of as
agricultural lands, tracts amounting
to about 4,000,000 acres. The with-
drawals were hastily made and In-
cluded a great deal of land that was
not useful for power slteB. They wero
intended to include the power Bites
on 29 rivers lu 9 states. Since that
time 3,475,442 acres have been re-
stored for settlement of the original
4,000,000 because they do not con-
tain power sites; and meantime, new
withdrawals have been made which,
with other restorations based upon
field examination, result In withdraw-
als at present effective of 1,218,356
acres on vacant public land and 202,-
197 acres on entered public land, or a
total of 1,420,553 acres. These with-
drawals made from time to time cover
all the power sites Included in the
first withdrawals and many more, on
151 rivers and in 12 states. The dis-
position of these power Bites involves
one of the most difficult questions pre-
sented in carrying out practical con
nervation.
"The subject is one that calls for
new legislation. It has been thought
that there was danger of combination
to obtain possession of all the power
sites and to unite them under one
control. Whatever the evidence of
this, or lack of it, at present we have
had enough experience to know that
combination would be profitable, and
the control of a great number of pow-
er at will within certain sections.
"However this may be, It is the
plain duty of the government to see
to it that In the utilization and devel-
opment of all this Immense amount
of water power, conditions shall be
imposed that will prevent extortion
ate charges, which are the usual ac-
companiment of monopoly,
"The question of conservation Is
not a partisan one, and I sincerely
hope that even in the short time of
the present session consideration may
be given to those questions which
have now been much discussed, and
that action may be taken upon them."
Alaska.
"With reference to the government
of Alaska, I have nothing to add to
the recommendations I made in my
last message on the subject. I am
convinced that the migratory charac-
ter of the population, its unequal dis-
tribution, and its smallness of num-
ber, which the new census shows to
be about 50,000, in relation to the
enormous expanse of the territory,
make it altogether impracticable to
give to those people who are in
Alaska today and may not be there a
year hence, the power to elect a leg-
islature to govern an Immense ter-
ritory to which they have relation so
little permanent."
Bureau of Corporations.
Referring to the report of the com-
missioner of corporations, tho presi-
dent says:
"The commissioner finds a condi-
tion in the ownership of the standing
timber of the United States other
than the government timber that calls
for serious attention. The direct in-
vestigation made by the commissioner
covered an area which contains 80
per cent, of the privately-owned tim-
ber of the country.
"His report shoWB that one half of
the timber in this area is owned by
200 individuals and corporations;
that 14 per cent, is owned by these
corporations, and that there is very
extensive inter-ownership of stock,
as well as other circumstances, all
pointing to friendly relations among
those who own a majority of this tim-
ber, a relationship which might lead
portatlon, under the Erdman act. Joint-
ly with the chairman or the interstate
commerce commission.
"I cannot speak lu too high terms of
the success of the two officers In con-
ciliation and settlement of controver-
sies which, but for their interposition,
would have resulted disastrously to all
interests.
Civil Service Commission.
The civil service commission has
continued its useful duties during the
year. The necessity for the mainte-
nance of the provisions of the civil
service law was never greater than to-
day. Officers responsible for the pol-
icy of the administration, and their
Immediate personal aBslBtants or depu-
ties, should not be Included within the
classified service, but in my Judg-
ment, public opinion has advanced to
the point where it would support a bill
providing a secure tenure during effi-
ciency for all purely administrative
officials. I entertain the profound con-
viction that it would greatly aid the
cause of efficient and economical gov-
ernment and of better politics If con-
gress could enact a bill providing that
the executive shall have the power
to Include In the classified service all
local offices under the treasury depart-
ment, the department of Justice, the
postofflce department, the Interior de-
partment and the department of com-
merce and labor, appointments to
which now require the confirmation
of tho senate, and that upon such
classification the advice and consent
of the senate shall cease to be re-
quired In bucIi appointments. By
their certainty of tenure, dependent on
good service, and by their freedom
from the necessity for political activ-
ity, these local officers would be In-
duced to become more efficient public
servants.
Economy and Efficiency.
'The increase in the activities and
In tho annual expenditures of the fed-
eral government has been bo rapid
and bo great that the time has come
to check the expansion of government
.activities in ew directions until we
have tested the economy and efficiency
with which tho government of today is
being carried on. The responsibility
rests upon the head of the administra-
tion. He la held accountable by the
public, and properly so. Despite the
unselfish and patriotic efforts of the
heads of departments and others
charged with responsibility of govern-
ment, there has grown up in this coun-
try u conviction that the expenses of
government are too great. The fun-
damental reason for the existence un-
detected of waste, duplication, and bad
management Is the lack of prompt, ac-
curate Information.
I have requested the head of each
department to appoint committees on
economy and efficiency In order to se-
cure full co-operation In the movement
by the employees of the government
themselves.
"I urge the continuance of the aj^
proprlation of $100,1)00 requested for
tho fiscal year 1912.
My experience leads me to believe
that while government methods are
much criticized, the bad resultB—If we *
do have bad results—are not due to a
lack of zeal or willingness on the part
of the civil servants."
Interstate Commerce.
"There has not been time to test the
benefit and utility of the amendments
to the interstate commerce law con-
tained in the act approved June 18.
1910. The law as enacted did not con-
tain all the features which I recom-
mended. It did not specifically de-
nounce as unlawful the purchase by
one of two parallel and competing
roads of the stock of the other. Nor
did It subject to the restraining influ-
ence of the Interstate Commerce com-
mission the power of corporations en-
gaged In operating Interstate railroads
to Issue new stock and bonds; nor did
it authorize the making of temporary
agreements between railroads limited
to 30 days, fixing the same rates for
traffic between the same places.
"I do not press the consideration of
any of these objects upon congress at
this session.
"The interstate commerce commis-
sion has recommended appropriations
for the purpose of enabling It to enter
upon a valuation of all railroads. This
has always been within the Jurisdic-
tion of the commission, but the requi-
site funds have been wanting. Statis-
tics to the value of each railroad would
be valuable for many purposes, espe-
cially If we ultimately enact any lim-
itations upon the power of the inter-
state railroads to issue Btocks and
bonds, as I hope we may.
"For the protection of our own
people and the preservation of our
credit in foreign trade, I urge upon
congress the immediate enactment of
a law under which one who, In good
faith, advances money or credit upon
a bill of lading issued by a common
carrier upon an Interstate or foreign
shipment can hold the carrier liable
for the value of the scoods described
in the bill at the valuation specified
in the bill, at least to tho extent of the
advances made In reliance upon It.
"I further recommend that a punish-
ment of fine and Imprisonment be Im-
posed upon railroad agents and ship-
pers for fraud or misrepresentation in
connection with the Issue of bills of
lading Issued upon Interstate and for-
eign shipments.
"Except as above. I do not recom-
mend any amendment to the interstate
commerce law as It stands. I do not
to a combination for the maintenance i noW recommend any amendment to
' * o con non acres of land ,-.f a nrice that would be very detrl- I the anti-trust law. In other words, tt
begun in a few cities and towns, and s , aj ,' f forest purposes mental to the public Interest, and I st ems to me that the existing iegisla-
• ?" "" °"m I bare been l c«ed ££ %£Z J crc.u ,he nec«s,lty of remo,. | u™ „.h ret™ce to.
«n/ ! « -Ml"*"? 1""1 <• .«- "« " <• •«« "-j « •
munt nf nn^h n Rvstem has reauired a 2,750,000 acres. tries. ... * thA vl enrolls PieCH-
ment of such a system has required a
great deal of study on the part of
the experts In the postofflce and treas-
ury departments, but a system has
now been devised which Is believed to
be more economical and simpler In Its
Coal Lands. Bureau of Labor.
"The next subject, and one most lm- "The commissioner of labor has been
portant for your consideration, Is the actively engaged in composing the dlf-
dlsposltlon of the coal lands in the I (erences between employers and em-
United States and Alaska. At the be- I uloyees engaged in interstate trans-
ness the effect of the vigorous execu-
tion of the lawb of the statute books
In restraining the abuses which cer-
tatnly did exist and which roused th*
public to demand reform."
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Williams, Harry Hampton. Hollis Tribune (Hollis, Okla.), Vol. 1, No. 17, Ed. 1 Friday, December 9, 1910, newspaper, December 9, 1910; Hollis, Oklahoma. (https://gateway.okhistory.org/ark:/67531/metadc234368/m1/3/?q=j+w+gardner: accessed June 22, 2024), The Gateway to Oklahoma History, https://gateway.okhistory.org; crediting Oklahoma Historical Society.