The Norman Transcript. (Norman, Okla.), Vol. 11, No. 17, Ed. 1 Thursday, March 8, 1900 Page: 3 of 8
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DAIRY AND POULTRY.
I V.
interesting chapters fob
our rural readers.
A
t
How Suecesfnl Farmer* Operate This
Department of tho Farm—A Few
Hints u to the Care of Live Stock
and Poultry.
*10
LU
Ilalry Note*.
Reports from the eastern seaports
tell of butter being sent back from
Europe and having to be sold for pack-
ing stock or even for grease. It was
reported to have been put up In such
poor shape that the boxes did not stand
the journey and the packages became
broken and their contents injured.
Whether this was the reason for their
rejection by the English we do not
know, but it is certain that this man-
ner of shipping butter is a poor recom-
mendation for its sale on any market.
Would Canadian butter have been sent
in any such shape?
In New York state the violators of
the oleomargarine law are being prose-
cuted vigorously and the cases have
resulted, when brought into court, in
the securing of verdicts for the prose-
cutors. One case went up to the Su-
preme court and the prosecutors were
upheld. There will evidently be no
Supreme court decision in New York
pronouncing the oleomargarine law il-
legal, as has been the case in Michi-
gan, and as is threatened in Illinois.
Some of the Chicago manufacturers
have also violated the internal reven'>
law In sending oleomargarine into New-
York state without revenue stamps on
each tub. About 200 tubs were recent-
ly returned from Albany to the makers
in Chicago, but the latter did not dare
take them from the cars, fearing ar-
rest by officers of the national gov-
ernment for not having used revenue
stamps.
* • •
The dairy farmer is more prosperous
than most of the general farmers,
largely because his business is more
of a cash business than theirs. The
effect is seen also on the tradesmen in
dairy communities.- The credit sys-
tem is with many tradesmen stretched
to the limit. We have heard of some
farming communities where the farm-
ers do not settle more than once a
year. This is very hard on the men
that sell them goods, especially on the
men of small capital. The farmer
must needs be charged a good round
interest in the way of a higher price
for goods. Not only does the trades-
man frequently lose his bill, but in
other cases the farmer, keeping no ac-
count of what be buys, finds himself
deeply in debt, often so deep.y that he
cannot get out without making some
great sacrifice. The dairyman re-
ceives his pay as he goes and pays as
he goes. This is best all round. It is
a system that is bound to make him
master of the situation, and moreover
win for him the respect of every man
with whom he deals.
The good price of butter this fall and
winter shruild stimulate winter dairy-
ing. The industry seems to be experi-
encing the results of former low prices
in butter and present good prices of
beef. In some sections of the west and
northwest the low price of both grain
and all kinds of meat turned the at-
tention of the farmers to dairying.
But as soon as beef began to bring
good prices the farmers began to neg-
lect their dairy cows for their beef
cattle. In most cases they had stuck
to the beef cattle to some extent even
for dairy purposes. In Minnesota par-
ticularly comparatively few of the
dairymen had herds of pure bred dairy
cattle. As the profits from such cows
must necessarily be small it is no won-
that as soon as beef began to rise in
price the producing of beef became a
larger item in their eyes than the pro-
ducing of butter. We believe it to be
a mistake for the farmers in any sec-
tion of tlie west to let up on the pro-
duction of butter. Milk products are
bound to bring a good price in the fu-
ture, and the man that goes into dairy-
ing with any kind of determination to
make it succeed, and begins to develop
a good herd of the right kind of cows,
will be doing the wise thing. The
price of butter "is more stable than the
price of almost any other product of
the farm.
compelled to keep the ducks off it,
much to their disgust, but can soon
allow them to pasture on it.
There is hardly a bit of pasture for
the chicks, and for awhile it seemed
the rye would have to give up the
struggle, for the chicks would eat in
the day nearly all the growth the rye
could make in twenty-four hours, but
it is coming on nicely now, thanks
to the warm rains. If you have never
watched chicks, you have no idea how
busy they will keep on a patch of rye
all day. Were the ground in condi-
tion and I had no rye or clover pas-
ture, I would not hesitate to sow now,
for it would probably make pasture for
the poultry next spring before grass
Btarts up much.
During every warm spell this winter
the rye will be there inviting the poul-
try to eat. and they will not wait for
the second invitation. Then in the
early spring what a feast! It will
not only result in our getting a larger
number of eggs, but they will hatch
better and stronger chicks, ducks and
turkeys. By all means have a patch
of rye if you haven't a patch of clover,
especially for your poultry's use.
We sold all of our young gobblers
and the largest of our young turkey
hens the first of the month, receiving
8V4 cents per pound. We received but
714 cents last year. The way prices
are running now we sold them well.
We will keep the young hens for the
February market. Our experience the
past two years in turkey raising has
been such that our plans are now to
procure enough old hens, so that they
may sit after laying their first litter,
unless too early in the season; let
them sit upon, hatch and raise their
own young, but not without our su-
pervision. To be sure they will need
to be watched to the nests, eggs gath-
ered and taken care of until they are
set; then after hatching they will
need to be penned a week or two, but
after that they will be comparatively
little bother, nothing like as when
chicken hens raise them, and they
make a better growth, also are free
of disease.
EMMA CLEARWATEUS.
One l.ltter or Two.
Whether it will be better to have one
litter or two each year is a mattet
which each hog raiser must decide
according to his own conveniences,
says a government bulletin. When
comfortable shelter is provided and
good winter pastures can be secured,
October pigs are usually as profitable
as those which are farrowed in the
spring. By the time they are ready
to wean, oats and vetch should be in
good condition for grazing, and the
young pigs will soon begin to eat arti-
chokes so they need not be confined to
dry feed. By spring they will be
large enough to kill for a local mar-
ket, or they can be kept growing
through the summer with very little
expense. By December they should
weigh at least 300 pounds each, and
be ready for market. In every town
there are butchers who are always
watching for opportunities to buy pigs
weighing from 100 to 200 pounds for
the local trade, and October pigs will
often bring high prices for meeting
that demand. March or April pigs
come at a season when they need little
care, and can be carried through the
summer at a very small cost. By De-
cember, if they have been well fed,
they will weigh from 250 to 300 pounds
each, and at eight months will be
fully as profitable as the heavier Octo-
ber pigs,
Heave*.
"I cannot understand," writ* a
western farmer, "why it is that in the
last five years four of my horses have
become 1; dly affected with "heaves,"
so that 1 cannot work them. I have
always fed them all they wanted and
in winter they have had a yard to run
in where there was a stack of clover
hay and another of flax straw so they
could not want for food."
We fail to see how horses so fed
could escape having "heaves." Yet
comparatively few farmers understand
how the disease is brought on. The
fact of the matter is that coarse fod-
ders are practically always at the bot-
tom of the trouble, so to speak, and
dusty timothy hay is also a common
cause. Average farm horses get far
too much hay and cannot possibly de-
rive any benefit from it, for the surplus
amount that cannot be digested be-
comes a burden and sets up indiges-
tion, eventually a lesion of the pneu-
mogastric nerve, and as a reflex con-
sequence emphysema of the lungs.
The disease is incurable when fully
developed, although the severe symp-
toms may be alleviated by common-
sense methods of feeding. Bear in
mind that no working horse should
have all the hay he can eat three time#
a day. Indeed, when working hard he
should be fed hay but once d • 'y and
that meal by preference at S p. m.,
after the oats have been eaten and
largely digested. Should the hay be
dusty it is liable to produce heaves
even when fed but once daily, unless it
be well shaken up and wetted with
water, or where cases are already pres-
ent, with lime water, which is easily
prepared by pouring water upon hot
lime. Where the intestines are con-
tinuously distended with undigested
hay they soon lose tone, gas forms,
and the characteristic cough of heave#
with the accompanying passage of fla-
tus from the bowels are the next sure
signs of the disease.
It may be confidently asserted that
"heaves" need never occur if horses
FOR HOME AN1) WOMEN
items of interest for maids
and matrons.
imported street gown.
Imported Street (Sown*—Dainty Home
Bodice—The Right Kind of Wire—
She I* the Compaulon of ller Ilnxband
—Our Cooking School.
The Love Knot.
Tying her bonnet under her chin.
She tied her raven ringlets in;
Rut not alone In tho silken sntire
Did she catch her lovely floating hair,
For, tying her bonnet under her chin.
She tied a young man's heart within. ^
They were strolling together up the hill.
Where the wind comes blowing merry
and chill;
And It blew the curls, a frolicsome race.
All over the happy, peach-colored face,
Till, scolding and laughing, she tied them
In,
Under her beautiful dimpled chin.
And It blew a color, bright as the bloom
Of the pinkest fuchsias tossing plume.
All over the cheeks of the prettiest girl
That ever Imprisoned a romping curl.
Or, tying her bonnet under her chin.
Tied a young man's heart within.
Steeper nnd steeper grew the hill;
Madder, merrier, chillier still
The western wind blew down, and played
The wildest tricks with the little maid,
As, tying her bonnet under her chin,
She tied a young man's heart within.
think It was fair
Ith her flouting
O western wind, do y
To play such tricks
hair?
To gladly, gleefully do your best
To blow her against the young man s
breast,
Where he as gladly folded her In.
And kissed her mouth und her dimpled
chin?
Ah' Ellerv Van. you little thought
An hour ago. when you besought
Tills country lass to walk with you,
After the sun had dried the dew.
What perilous danger you'd be In.
As she tied her bonnet under her chin.
— Nora Perry.
The Right Kind of Wife.
Many persons unable to read that
most interesting book, "The Romance
w of Isabel, Lady Burton," raiy like to
are carefully fed as we have so often j see the rules she wrote upon her mar-
advised in these columns, viz., feeding riage in her diary for her own guid-
hay and fodder in moderation, always ance in the new relation rules to
live for Ponltry.
From Farmers' Review: There is
entirely too little written of rye as a
green feed for poultry. Why, it is
hard to tell, for surely there is noth-
ing cheaper nnd easier had, also it is
extra good for all kinds of poultry
and at the same time it is making
pasture for fowls and possibly the
cow it is loosening the ground for
next year's crop. Its fertilizing quali-
ties may not be so good but it doe3
no harm and without a doubt makes
the ground looser. There is no one
but what can sow a patch in his gar-
den anyhow and after it gets a start
let the fowls have the run of it. Un-
less your poultry is in very great num-
bers and the rye patch small no harm
is done to allow them the run of it all
the time—except the ducks and geese.
Their broad feet pat the soft ground
down so hard and then after it is
up the blades do not seem to grow
up so quickly after being nipped off
by ducks' or geese bills as when they
are picked by chickens or turkeys.
After it gets a start there is nothing
better however for laying ducks than
to be turned into a rye patch. Four
weeks ago we sowed the garden and
truck patch to rye after harrowing the
ground. The rye was broad-casted,
then logged, and now (Nov. 18) it is
quite green, notwithstanding the short
wintsr we had the week after it was
sown and that almost a hundred head
of poultry have had the run of it all
the time. There is a little over two
acres on which was planted two and
one-half bushels of rye. We were
Scabby I.egg.
This is a condition of the legs caused
by the growth and irritation of an in-
sect, that is sometimes found living be-
tween the scales of the shanks, says
American Poultry Journal. You may
find just a slight roughness witn a
few insects, or the shanks may be
twice the ordinary size and of 3 dis-
gusting appearance. The rough spots
consist of scales, dirt and a few in-
sects. If you scrape off a little of this
collection and put it under a magnify-
ing glass, you can easily recognize the
insect that causes the trouble. A little
pains taken will cure this disease. An
ointment of sulphur one ounce, vase-
line ten stablespoonfuls, well rubbed
into the rough places twice a week,
for two weeks, will make life miser-
able for the parasite and heal the irri-
tated parts. Set no hen with scaly
legs unless you desire unsightly shanks
in the chicks. A single hen with scaly
legs is liable to pass the disease to the
other birds in the yard. The legs of
the infected bird getting against those
of other birds on the roost may cause
the spread of the trouble. If you wish
to be sure of no future cases, apply
the ointment to all birds. Do not have
even one case of scaly legs on your
plant. It is an indication of a hap-
hazard poultryman.
Pr^cocioun Milker*.
\ have been handling Jerseys for
about 12 years, and have had several
cases where young heifers have given
milk before ever having calves, says
a contributor to Rural New Yorker. At
one time, a yearling heifer was sucked
by some calves and brought to her
milk in such quantity that we milked
her regularly, and used her milk, but
I could not state the amount, as it was
put in with that from the rest of the
herd. She proved to be a "non-breed-
er," and was sent to the butcher. I
have a heifer now, just a year old, that
has so much of an udder that several
have asked whether she was not in
calf. She would, evidently, give milk
if I would take it. Last summer. I had
two heifers whose udders filled so that
I milked them several months before
calving, but I do not consider this ad-
visable when it can be ivoided.
Poultry bring quick returns, and
this is of importance with men of
small means.
providing ' Id, sound, sweet, dustless
hay, always giving drinking water be-
fore feeding, never allowing horses to
cat when hot, fatigued or perspiring,
and feeding oats in preference to corn
during times of hard labor in hot
weather. In addition to these precau-
tions every horse should get a bran
mash at least twice a week when work-
ing and much oftener when idle with
carrots in winter time, as both of these
foods tend to keep the bowels acting
properly and so ward off attacks of in-
digestion.
If the following rules are followed
any horse afflicted with heaves will
in time be fit for light work but will
not entirely recover. Keep in clean,
well-ventilated barn, and make it im-
possible for horse to eat bedding. Place
a lump of rock salt in manger. When
idle feed clean, bright oat straw in
preference to timothy hay. Never feed
clover hay. Wet all food with lime
water. Feed grain in small quantities
never using grain under one year old.
Never work horse immediately after a
meal. Arrange feeding hours so horse
will have at least one hour of rest be-
fore going to work. If there is any
tendency to constipation keep bowels
acting freely by giving sloppy bran
mashes and gradually accustom horse
to taking raw linseed oil in these
mashes. In had cases where great im-
provement does not follow above meth-
od of treatment give one-half ounce of
Fowler's Solution of Arsenic morning
and night, and in one week, if neces-
sary, increase to three doses daily. In
using arsenic in this or any other dis-
ease it must, however, be remembered
that a horse will "go all to pieces" if
suddenly deprived of it, so that when
it is decided to quit its use it must bo
done very gradually by lessening the
dose day by day until the horse can get
along without it. Fluid extract of
lobelia may also be given in very small
doses along with the arsenic in aggra-
vated cases.
C'aMratiiig and Spuyinc Suine.
Young boars not wanted for breed-
ing should be castrated as early as is
convenient, says Farmers' bulletin 100
of the Department of Agriculture. This
may be done at any time after the pigs
are a month old. and if done at from
four to six weeks they will have fully
recovered before they are weaned. If
not done then it is better to wait until
a month after weaning, so that they
will have become thoroughly accus-
tomed to eating solid food. Spaying
young sows is no more difficult, or
dangerous than castrating young
boars, and should lie more generally
practiced. It ian be done l>pst when
they are between 3 and 4 months of
age, and. as the young Sows are liable
to get with pig at any time after they
are 4 months old. the spaying should
not be delayed too long. By the time
the pigs weigh from 73 to 100 pounds
each they will be developed sufficient-
ly to show which should be kept for
breeding animals, and the sooner the
others are spayed the better. Spayed
animals are always more quiet and
better feeders than open sows, make
better pork and sell for better prices.
A spayed sow weighing 200 pounds
wili dress from 10 to 20 pounds heavier
than an open sow of the same live
weight; she will have heavier leaf and
inside lard, and there will be no dan-
ger of loss from finding her in pig.
Packers and butchers will always pay-
top prices for spayed sows, because
such animals are ,-.ure to be as good as
they look, while they will often refuse
to purchase open sows at any price,
or will take them only with a heavy
allowance for shrinkage.
The annual production of cheese in
this country is about 180,000,600
, pounds.
whose observance she believed much
of her subsequent happiness was due:
First—Let your husband find in you
a companion, friend and adviser and
confidante, that he may miss nothing
at home. Second--Be a careful nurse
when he is ailing, that he may never
bo in low spirits about liis health with-
out a serious cause. Third- Make his
home snug. If it be ever so small
and poor, there can always be a certain
chic about it. Men are always asham-
ed of a poverty-stricken home, and.
therefore, prefer the club. Attend
much to his creature comforts; allow
smoking or anything else, for if you
do not somebody else will. Make it
yourself cheerful and attractive, and
draw relations and intimates about
him, and the style of society (literati)
that suits him. Fourth Improve and
educate yourself in every way, that
you may enter into his pursuits and
keep pace with the times. Fifth- Be
prepared at any moment to follow him
at an hour's notice and rough it like a
man. Sixth—Do not try to hide your
affections from him, but let him see
and feel it in every action. Never re-
fuse him anything he asks. Observe
a certain amount of reserve and deli-
cacy before him. Keep up the honey-
moon romance, whether at home or
in the desert. At the same time do
not make prudish bothers, which only
disgust, and are not tr. 2 modesty. Do
not make the mistake of neglecting
your personal appearance, but try to
look and dress well to please his eye.
Seventh—Perpetually work up hts in-
terest with the world, whether for pub-
lishing or for appointments. Let him
feel when he has to go away that he
leaves a second self in charge of hts
affairs at home, so that if sometimes
he is obliged to leave you behind he
may have nothing of anxiety on his
mind. Take an interest in everything
that interests him. To be companion-
able a woman must learn what inter-
ests her husband, and. if it is only
planting turnips, she must try to un-
derstand turnips. Philadelphia Times.
A Iloom That Is Original.
The brown earthenware jugs that
certain brands of whiskies and cor-
dials are put up in have been made
into very effective mantel and side-
board ornaments by a young wrfman
with artistic instincts. The labels
have been washed off and the
jugs splashed with yellow oil paint.
They tone in with the oak woodwork
of the dining room. There is 110 com-
bination prettier than blue and fellow,
and as the walls are blue there is a
dash of this shade in some of the Jugs.
At any department store or china shop
the flower stoppers can be found. That
is a Dresden china flower on a large
cork, which is to be utilized when the
cork of a bottle is drawn. It is very
rare that the cork that comes in the
bottle can be used after it is pierced
with the corkscrew, in the yellow jugs
the stoppers are yellow chrysanthe-
mums and blue morning glories. They
give to the room that touch of origin-
ality and individuality that every wo-
man strives for. The curtains are
white net appiiqued with lace bow
knots and are looped back with rib-
bons, upon which are embroidered in
chenille chrysanthemums and morn-
ing glories. In one corner of the room
hangs a gilt canary cage occupied by
a sweet voiced bit of yellow fluff. To
protect the walls from being splashed
when Mr. Canary takes his morning
dip the lower part of the cage is drap-
ed by a gathered curtain of the net,
which is drawn under the cage and
tied with ribbon that matches that on
the curtains.
Made of mastic Venetian cloth over
linings of the same shade. The deco-
ration is composed of brown mohair
braid. Heavy ecru lace and white
cloth. The turban is made of cara-
cule, with a huge rosette of pale bluo
chiffon for decoration.
to fit the window, thus forcing an in-
direct draft over the top of the sash.
An adjoining room may be well ven-
tilated, and then the doors opened into
the sick room. In warm weather a
screen may keep the draft from the
bed, and plenty of air be admitted.
When a sick person begins to count
the pictures on the wall paper, follow-
ing the designs with eye or finger, it
will waste the flagging energy as al-
most nothing else will do, says the
Woman's Home Companion. It is time
then to cover the wall with a curtain
or cheese cloth, or even a sheet, hang-
ing a favorite picture for a central ob-
ject of vision, to be replaced occasion-
ally with a fresh one.
Dainty Home Hodlce.
Expedients In the Slrlt Room.
Where no regular system of ventila-
tion exists the windows may be raised
several inches.resting on a board made
In gray chiffon, with lace and velvet
applique, and purple chiffon ros*;ttes
and drapery.
The Practical Honse Gown.
Few women realize the comfort that
can be gotten out of a practical little
house gown. Of course I am not al-
luding to the luxurious tea gowns or
to the dressy gowns woman dons on
her at-home day. The house gown is
essentially an every day affair. With
just ever so little pains It can be made
a charming toilet dress, combining a
rare amount of chic with a certain
dainty picturesqueness, says the Phila-
delphia Times. How often a last
year's tailor made skirt and a passe
silk blouse usurp the place of this
pleasing little cashmere housa gown
But the makeshift cannot bring the
peace of mind that possesses a woman
who is becomingly gowned, no matter
at what hour the pop caller descends
on her. A gown of periwinkle blue
cashmere illustrated so well the won-
ders that are wrought by a novel trim-
ming of velvet. The skirt was made
with a double tunic suit in Vandyke
points around the bottom and edged
with a narrow bias fold of black vel-
vet. It was close fitting over the hips
with the flnre commencing just half
way down. The corsage was a blouse
of the cashmere fastening at the left
side in a slanting line of Vandyke
points. It was covered all over with
appliques of black velvet forming discs
an inch and a half in diameter. These
were ornamented with steel threads,
which formed also little dots between
the discs. The short basques of the
blouses were formed by overlapping
Vandyke points of the cashmere bor-
dered with a narrow bias fold of black
velvet. The velvet bordered .also the
points on the upper part of the blouse,
and those that fell over the tops of
the sleeves. The high collar was of
black velvet.
faring for Veils.
The beauty and freshness of a veil
can be preserved for a long time if it
is properly cared for. After wearing
it should be smoothed out carefully
and rolled between paper or over a
rod. A piec of broomstock makes an
excellent roller, says the Cincinnati
Enquirer. A veil which has become
limp can up freshened by dipping it
in weak, gum water, and pulling it
straight before it dries.
OUR COOKING SCHO9L.
Sponge Murffiicrif*■. ^
Cut a thin sheet of sponge cake into
rounds, by means of a small cookie
cutter; spread each round with frost-
ing made of confectioner's sugar, a few
drops of vanila, and hot water to make
jf the consistency to spread. Then use
almonds that have been browned in
the oven, for the petals, and put a drop
of the frosting in the center.
A New rilling for I.ayer lake.
Boil a cup of sugar and one-third cup
of wat.r ithout stirring, until the
syrup threads. Pour in a fine stream
onto the white of an egg, which has
been beaten until foamy, but not stiff;
add one-fourth pound tigs finely chop-
ped and cooked in one-fourth cup of
water; then add half a cup of wainuts
finely chopped. Beat until cold
enough to spread.
( ofTee Cream.
This is a delightful addition to "a
little supper" table, anil is well worth
the trouble it entails: You must boil
a calf's head till it conies down to a
pint of jelly. This you must clear
from the sediment. Make a cup of
good strong coffee (the berry is better
for the purpose than the essence), and
clear it with isinglass. Pour it on to
the jelly, add a pint of cream, and
sweeten to taste; give one boil up,
and when slightly cooled-off. pour into
a glass mold, and turn out when set.
Stewed Ox Tongue.
Where ail ox tongue is to be eaten
hot, this is the best way ill which to
cook it: Having washed it, rub it well
with coarse salt and a little saltpetre;
let it lie for three days, and then boil
until the skin can easily be removed.
Now put it into a saucepan with a
pint of good stock and about half a
pint of the water in which it was first
boiled; season with black and Jamaica
pepper, two cloves, a tablespoonful of
mushroom ketchup, a tablespoonful of
lemon-pickle, or if not, lemon juice.
Stir, without boiling, until perfectly
tender; take up the tongue, strain and
thicken the sauce with flour and but-
ter, and pour it over—serving at once.
An entire new glass covering has
been ordered for the roof of the Crys-
tal Palace, in Loudon. The tot ^lasa
area to be covered is aboui lifieea
acres.
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Burke, J. J. The Norman Transcript. (Norman, Okla.), Vol. 11, No. 17, Ed. 1 Thursday, March 8, 1900, newspaper, March 8, 1900; Norman, Oklahoma Territory. (https://gateway.okhistory.org/ark:/67531/metadc186418/m1/3/?q=%22Business%2C+Economics+and+Finance+-+Communications+-+Newspapers%22: accessed July 17, 2024), The Gateway to Oklahoma History, https://gateway.okhistory.org; crediting Oklahoma Historical Society.