The Norman Transcript. (Norman, Okla.), Vol. 11, No. 8, Ed. 1 Thursday, January 4, 1900 Page: 3 of 8
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DAIRY AND POULTRY.
INTERESTING CHAPTERS FOR
OUR RURAL READERS.
How Snrcesful Farmers Operate This
Department of the Farm—A Few
Hints as to the Care of Live Stock
and Poultry.
A Great Dairy.
Hoard's Dairyman gives tills inter-
esting account of an immense dairy
owned by Francis Francisco, near
• Newark, New Jersey:
"There are never less than 1,000 cows
at this establishment. The number
varies from 1,000 to 1,200. Mr. Fran-
cisco receives at least one carload of
plump "new milch" cows from his
Iowa ranch every week. His inspector
tests and examines every cow rigidly,
and every one which is found to be out
of condition, or that does not give milk
which, in amount or quality, equals
the standard required, is converted Into
beef. Then the rest are given a place
In the dairy. Every cow is killed and
sold to the meat dealer as soon as it
becomes "dry," and its place filled by
a new milch cow.
"These cows are kept in three large
stables, and sixty men care for their
wants. These stables are clean, dry
and well ventilated. Every cow looks
sleek enough to go to a wedding. Every
cow is curried daily, and every cow's
udder is thoroughly washed before
each milking. The stables are lighted
by electricity and cooled by electric
fans. As every cow is milked the
milker pours the fluid into an auto-
matic carrier, which takes it to the
milk house and places it in vats which
are surrounded by ice. These cows are
fed either ensilage or hay, and grain,
every day in the year. They are kept
shut up every inclement day, but every
pleasant day they are let out to pas-
ture. The entire establishment covers
about 300 acres. Not only is every cow
tested when she first arrives, but fre-
quently after that time as well, and
every cow whose milk does not test
at least 4 per cent butter fat, or in any
other way fails under the requirements,
is carted away to the slaughter house,
where its neighbors are destined to go
in a few ;.hort months at the very
most.
"The milk from this establishment
is bottled and sealed, and shipped in
refrigerator cars to New York city, and
disposed of to the retail trade. The
price received varies from season to
season, but is never less than 10 nor
more than 14 cents a quart."
your ducks, and probably most of all
upon yourself. Mr. Rankin, when he
was a beginner, raised 1,500 market-
able ducks from thirty head of layers.
Of course, he had advantages. We
marketed 160 ducka from the eggs
layed during four weeks of twelve
layers with no advantages other than
any farmer has.
EMMA CI-EARWATliRS.
Four-llorneil Mieep.
While traveling through northwest-
ern Pennsylvania ray attention was
called to a curiosity in the line of
sheep. It was a breed with four horns,
writes a contributor to American Sheep
Breeder.
One ram had horns the total length
of which was thirteen feet. Of course
this breed will never come Into favor
as a profitable breed. Too much nu-
trition is used to produce the horns,
but as a curiosity and a specimen for
parks they will be sought after.
The horns vary greatly as to shape,
but the general form was two standing
straight from the top of the he.id and
the other two branching from just be-
low the others and in some cases mak-
ing a curve, while in other instances
they extended straight out.
I questioned regarding the origin of
this breed and found they all came
from one ram left by a traveling com-
pany several years ago. The company
finished the season and asked a farmer
to keep their ram until spring for
them. Jn the spring they presented
the ram to the farmer.
He took Highland Blackface ewes
and crossed with the ram. The ram
proved very potent and as a result
there is a flock of twenty-five or thirty
sheep with four horns.
They have been crossed in and seem
to keep the original characteristics.
Where the first ram came from I
have been unable to find out, but as
far as I can learn this is the only
flock in the world.
Washing an<l Worklnj? ltutter.
One washing is usually sufficient.
The Danes, as a rule, do not wash their
Uroix! In Heat.
To most of us it does not seem bo
very long ago since the heavy horses
Imported from France were grey in
color and even the quality of grey
that turns white with age. It was
about this time too that Shorthorn
cattle had to be solid red in color to
be considered fashionable and worthy
of a place in the pedigreed herds of
the country. But how the fashions do
change to be sure! Almost instantly
in answer to the demand for black
French horses the imported Percheron
assumed a jet black coat such as had
old Brilliant and the grey horse seemed
to be a back number. Just about
then, too, the red Shorthorns were en-
countered by good old fashioned col-
ored Scotch Shorthorns of red, roan
and white coats and routed, too, and
since then the solid red color has prac-
tically ceased to be considered an Im-
perative necessity. This was a com-
mon sense move for it should always
be remembered that a good beast Is
always a good color, whereas a fash-
ionable coat may and dons often hide
a multitude of evils in beast and body
alike. We cannot say that a good
French horse was a better horse when
black skinned than was his grey col-
ored equal, and now we are glad to
see that the Clydesdale folk have de-
cided to admit to registry grey col-
ored Clydesdale mares, many of which
by the way were in every way equal
to their bay and brown sisters as
proved in plow and wagon. We pre-
sume that this change of policy as re-
gards grey Clydes is partly due to the
fact that in Great Britain just at pres-
ent grey horses are in demand and
scarce, although it is but a few years
since a grey carriage horse was quite
vulgar in the estimation of the "upper
strata" of society who are the de-
scendants of the good old-fashioned
couples who simply would not have
thought of driving to church on their
wedding day behind anything except a
pair of four-in-hand of dapple greys.
•Grey horses, too, are in demand for
cavalry purposes in the British army
and this may have had something to
The Vegetable Garden.
. . I u u u imo uicij iia > r uuii ouun-nuuft
butter, yet it generally eomman s e do with the return of grey into favor
Ducks.
From Farmers' Review: To those
contemplating raising ducks for mar-
ket next year it is time they had their
breeding stock on hand. If you raised
ducks this year and intend raising
from the young ducks, you should at
least dispose of all the drakes and cull
ducks, buy drakes in no way related
to the ducks you have, and if possible
procure old drakes. Indeed, we strong-
ly advise raising from old stock alto-
gether, for while the young hatched
may all live they are not quite so
large, averaging them, and the eggs
will not hatch so well. Build a house,
not as warm as for your hens. Indeed,
it may be entirely open on the south,
it should be dry and comparatively
comfortable. Begin now and feed a
little heavier, and let the food be large-
ly bulky food, such as cut clover, cut
rye or let them pasture on rye, and
bran. Don't give much corn until
severe weather, during which we have
successfully given all the shelled corn
they would eat at night. During and
before the laying season we make it a
rule to give a warm breakfast. The
mash need not be mixed as stiff as for
chickens, and if you have milk to give
the ducks give it to them in their
mash. It does not prove a success
when given as a drink. Once a week
place powdered charcoal in their mash,
a gill to a quart, and have it around
their house in sizable pieces all the
time. Treat them about as you do
your hens only they do not need a dust
bath and as warm a house. They need
more to eat then hens, head for head,
but it may be made more of bulk with
advantage to the ducks and to the cost
of feed.
During the heavy laying time they
need feed in the proportion of three
hens' ration to two ducks. Two ducks
will eat as much as three hens, aud
must have it if they do their best at
laying. Their eggs are much larger
than a hen's egg, and they lay more
in a given lime. To do their best at
laying they should have fresh lean
meat twice per week, all they want
after you have them broken into it.
Procure one drake for each five ducks,
and get nice ones even if your ducks
are rather so so. It is not generally
kuown that ducks grow after they are
a vear old, but they will. We have
some that were a year old last April
that have grown the past summer.
They are now as large as the old-fash-
ioned geese, and if nothing happens
they will be in the best possible shape
for breeding from the coming season.
They wore never stunted either; when
they were six months old it seemed
they were as large and nice as one
ought to expect of a duck, but they
have grown surprisingly since then.
Now. don't think you must keep
their craws full all the time if you are
to get many eggs, indeed, you must not
do that. For ducks to lay well, and
above all, their eggs to hatch well and
produce good, strong ducklings, they
must exercise a great deal, and for this
there is nothing better than a pond to
swim in. It is not necessary to have
a duck pond in order to he a success-
ful duck raiser, but it helps lots. The
eggs seem to be all fertile, and such
great strong ducklings kick out of
them. How many breeding ducks
should you have? That depends on
bo*-- mar.y you wish to market, on
highest price in the English market,
says an agricultural student. Butter
should not be too dry before apply-
ing the salt, as the moisture aids in
dissolving the salt as well as the work-
ing does; hence, less working is re-
quired if the salt is applied at the
right time. When butter is worked
twice the result is usually more satis-
factory. The first working should not
occupy more than a minute or a min-
ute and a half; just enough to nicely
incorporate the salt. It should then
be loosely put in a tub and placed for
three or four hours in a room where
the temperature was kept from 50 to
55 degs., not being cold enough to chill
and harden the butter on the outside,
as butter kept at a moderate tempera-
ture will work better at the second
working than if permitted to harden
too much. The second working should
continue until the butter becomes
waxy, or when broken apart will ap-
pear stringy, Hue broken iron.
Too Close Competition.
The Kennebec (Maine) Journal says:
It is said to be a fact that not one-half
of the factories in the state of Maine
are paying running expenses. They
are so thickly settled now that they
are competing among themselves fo'-
the purchase of the cream and in coil-
sequence there is a constant fight to
see who will pay the larger price for
the cream. Then at the sale they are
competing with one another on the
price to see who will sell the cheapest.
Thus at both ends of the trade are
they cutting off their heads. It is seen
that in the concerns that are running
on the co-operative plan, where the
farmers have what is made after pay-
ing the expenses of the factory, that
they are receiving no more than the
ones where the farmers sell fur a price
outright. It will average about the
same in both cases when taken for the
year round.
Tin- Colo
id.
If the brood sow does r.^t come in
heat you may know that she is not in
good condition, says the Farmer. It' a
litter has just been weaned, feed her
liberally, and in a few days she will
breed. As a rule it is not best, to breed
her the first time she comes in heat
after weaning the pigs. The prob-
abilities are that she has not sufficient-
ly recovered from the strain on her
system to do well. The litter from
coupling at this time would likely be
few in number. The sow lo give the
best return should be in line londition
when bred, making improvement each
day. It is not reasonable to expect
much from a sow running down in
flesh and in low condition; yet sows
are often bred that ara but little more
than walking -kH'tons, and are ex-
pected to pr.iduce thrifty pigs.
Canadian Dairy Exports. IT Canada
can make money exporting butter, it
would seem a profitable industry for
farmers in the United State.-. Although
our exports are increasing somewhat
they are still woefully small, and this
is due to the poor ivnutuiiiu American
butter bus acquired through the ship-
ment abroad of poor baiter, oiro and
process butter, of'pred for -ale as prime
American. In Ju:y our exports weie
something over L'u.Oun pa.-luigos, but in
a single wHc recently Montreal ex-
ported r,.1.000 package?. The United
among breeders and dealers who are
also not so particular now to reject a
horse because he is some shade of
chestnut or so-called "sorrel." Prac-
tical results are after all the main ob-
jects of the breeder of any class of
animals and in our opinion color
should not be set up as a barrier to
progress so long as one particular
color or combination of color (as with
Aberdeen-Angus and Hereford cattle)
is not the recognized peculiar charac-
teristic of the breed.
We welcome the grey horse back to
favor and will ever congratulate
breeders who see above and beyond
the mere fad of color.
Poultry Notes.
One of the essentials in the keeping
of fowls healthy is to have the house
dry. This is particularly the case in
the winter, when tlio fowls have to be
indoors for weeks at a time. A wet
house is bad enough in the summer,
when the fowls have to stay in it at
night, but in the winter time it should
never be tolerated, partly for the rea-
son that the sun seldom has power
enough in winter time to dry up mois-
ture in the poultry house.
Science is all the time finding new
ways to take care of surplus perish-
able products. Desiccating eggs prom-
ises to lie a favorite way of dispos-
ing of t hem at times of the year when
they are too cheap to pay a reasonable
profit at retail. New machines for do-
ing this work are from time to time
being invented, and perhaps the day
is not far distant when the price of
eggs will be about uniform throughout
the year. If the men that are doing
this kind of work will simply be sat-
isfied with what they can get for the
eggs as treated naturally, it will be ul-
timately a great gain to the poultry
interests. Unfortunately we may ex-
pect that the manufacturers of pre-
servatives will get after the desicca-
tors of eggs and persuade them that
nothing will so ensure the keeping
qualities of the eggs as a little pre-
servative added. The result of that
will be that the public will find it out
and curtail their purchases in that di-
rection. But ti'-' honest employment
of methods of drying might greatly re-
lieve the market at times of oversup-
ply. Sooner or later the farmers' wife
will learn to apply the method and the
farmers' table will be cheaply supplied
with eggs in the winter as in the sum-
mer.
oris annua
abc
3.10,-
Kingdoi
OOO.OCi) pound- of Imi{.<• r of which only
about .1 per r ent comes from It* i nited
States. Why should not the govern-
ment inspect American butter for ex-
port, the same as she does meat ;.oin^
abroad. The officials of the agricul-
tural department believe the plan thor-
oughly practicable. In fact, the repu-
tation of Canadian butter an,' cheese
results from such an inspection. Can-
ada will permit no exporting of imita-
tion of butter or cheese and her repu-
tation on both of these articles is good
Statistics of Cheese Factories.—
Cheese Inquiries are now occupying
the attention of some of the force em-
ployed at the census office. Circulars
and letters are bein ; sent to managi
directors and owners of cheese fac-
tories and creameries of such char-
acter as will aid enumerators in com-
piling useful and accurate information
regarding this important branch of
dairying. Heretofore the changes in
managers at the close of a season has
rendered the making of'a reliable re-
port impossible. Director Merrlam
suggests that as this is the season
whm the factories close, those in
i barge prepare a detailed statement of
the i;• i.11,' ii y of milk or cream pur-
chased and tii" amount paid over it:
the amount of butter or cheese pro-
clu -ed; the amount received from the
t ile of each; the amount of capital in-
vested in plant and machinery; and
the amount pa', 1 in wages. The items
should be varied properly to fit cas.es
where factories or creameries are co-
operative. In an interview the direc-
tor stated. " This information will not
lie gathered before June 1, 1900, and
as it must cover the year isy , it is
hoped that factory managers or own-
er.- will preserve the statements until
the enumerators shall arrive to use
them, next June.''
Send only dean eggs to market.
(Condensed from Farmers* Itcview
Stenographic Report of Northern Illinois
Horticultural Convention.)
Miller Purvis read the following
paper:
Where there is an opportunity for
choice, a garden that slopes gently to
the southeast will do better than one
In any other position, as it gets the full
benefit of the morning sun and is
somewhat protected from the excessive
heat of the afternoon. Next to this I
would choose a perfectly flat piece of
land, and after that, one sloping to
the north. The location should be as
near the kitchen as possible, for the
housewife is the one who will gather
the vegetables nine times out. of ten,
and she should not be compelled to
take more steps than is absolutely
necessary.
After the location is decided upon,
the next thing is to determine the
shape and size. I would have a garden
long and narrow in order to economize
time in plowing and cultivating with
a horse. A good shape is five by
eighty rods, making half an acre in the
garden, the long axis running north
and south.
The location and size being fixed, the
next thing is to look after the drainage.
It is absolutely necessary that a gar-
den should be perfectly drained, if nat-
ural drainage does not allow it to be
worked very early iu the spring. The
garden should be so well drained that
water will never stand on it more than
an hour at any time, unless during
freezing weather in the winter.
After this comes fertilization, it
should be remembered that our veg-
etable crops have been bred up from
generation to generation until they
are rank feeders, and it is almost im-
possible to get too much plant food In
the soil. Stable manure if well rotted
and plentifully supplied makes thrifty
crops, and nothing else in the way of
a fertilizer is absolutely necessary,
although 1 would not fail to use a com-
mercial fertilizer In the way of nitrate
of potash to start the plants into im-
mediate growth, if the land had been
used a long time. Ten big loads or
manure to half an acre Is not an over-
dose, and a good many market garden-
ers would consider it a small dressing
unless it was repeated once or twice
during the season.
Having the garden located, drained
and fertilized, what shall we plant in
it? I would not have fruits of any
kind in the garden. They may adjoin
it, but they should never be a part of
it. The old practice of setting a row
of currant bushes around a garden or
bordering it with grape vines, or even
small fruit trees, is wrong in principle
and practice. I would have the gar-
den free from all these things so the
team could be taken into it to plow
without bothering to save berry bushes
or trees, or interfering with the doing
of good work. I would plow deep, and
this is impossible if we must stop to
consider the welfare of things that do
not belong to the vegetable family. 1
would harrow to the edge on every
side, and this cannot be done if any-
thing else stands in the way.
Having the garden ready to plant, 1
would plant everything in rows run-
ning the long way of the garden. The
oid and common plan oF having patchy
littie beds of radishes, onions, lettuce
and such things Is the most prolific
cause of neglect of the garden on the
part of the men-folks, as they do not
like to potter around over a plot of
ground no larger than a tablecloth,
whereas if the truck is planted in long
rows they will—sometimes- work in
the garden without wishing they could
escape from doing so.
Beginning at one side I would plant
first the extra early peas in rows eight-
een inches apart. These I would follow
with the six-weeks beans, and then
would come early radishes, and after
these those things that come later,
until, on the opposite side from where
planting was begun, would come lama
beans, late sweet corn, with squash
vines among the corn, and the pars-
nips that, were to remain in the ground
until winter. Each particular vegetable
I would place as far from its neighbors
on each side as I would if I were plant-
ing a field of that, vegetable.
I always plant corn somewhat thicker
In a garden than 1 would in a field,
because the few rows that are planted
do not produce the shade that field
planting makes, and if the rows are
three teet apart for the early and
forty-two inches for the lat r varieties,
they will usually do perfectly well.
Everything should be In rows to re-
duce the labor of cultivation. By be-
ginning at one side with the earliest
sorts and finishing with the late st, we
have the advantage of having the lan 1
where the early vegetables are all in
one plot, aiiil this may be used for
later crops. For instance, cucumbers
for pickles may be planted after early
peas, and celery does better planted
among the stalks of the early swe?t
corn than it would if planted in the
open light, the stalks partially shading
the plants until they b come (irmly
rooted. Late cabbage .should not be
set out until the very la.it of June or
the first of July, and it may be set
where early radishes, peas and beans
have been grown. Hubbard squashes
may be planted at intervals among t.h
early potatoes, and by the time the
squash vines have b'gun to run the
potatoes will be used, if the potatoes
and the late sweet corn are planted
side by side, the squash vines will j string around th?
occupy the land where both stood until I and plant is set it:
Where melons, cut umbers and
squashes are grown in the same gar-
den, the seed should not be saved, as
they are liable to mix, to the detriment
of the quality of crops grown from
them. I know this is disputed some-
times, but I also know the fact is as
I have stated.
In me selection of varieties, I must
say that with few exceptions, the nov-
elties are no improvement on the old
kinds, and sometimes they are not as
good. Now and then 1 find a new sort
that Is really an Improvement, and
then I keep that on my list until a
better one comes along. As a rule, I
find the early peas practically all of a
kind. Last spring I had three sorts,
each of which the originator claimed
to be the very earliest of all. These
were planted in rows side by side, and
when they were ready to use no one
could tell one from the other.
I would lay It down as a general rule
that every man can produce garden
soeds that will produce as good crops
as any that can be bought. My prac-
tice has been to devote a certain por-
tion of the crop to the production of
seed, not using any part of it for table
use. This gives an opportunity to
select the best Instead of taking what
is left at the fag end of the season.
The man who would have a good
garden must not be satisfied with
merely good cultivation; it must be as
good as possible. The soil should be
thoroughly fined to begin with, and
the rows should be exactly straight. 1
make my garden as fine as possible,
and if there are any lumps that defy
manipulation I rake them into little
windrows and let them lie until they
slack, as they soon will when the soil
is gradually worked down among the
growing plants.
Then 1 lay out the rows by stretching
a line from one end of the garden to
the other, and the distance between
the rows is measured with a rule.
When vegetables ure properly planted
and in perfectly straight rows, half the
work of the season Is done.
As to implements, I feel like saying
that the average garden Implements
are a disgrace to civilization. 1 often
think it is no wonder a boy hates
garden work when I remember the
condition of the hoe and rake and
other things he must use. The hoe
should be kept sharp with a file. It
cannot be properly ground on a grind-
stone, because it is the inside of the
blade that should be beveled instead
of the outside. The hoe should be file
frequently and always be kept bright
so as to slip through the soil freely
and easily. For a garden of half an
acre, a wheel hoe is a profitable invest
inent. A good one may be bought for
$5 or less and will save the pri
itself in one season. They work easily
and perfectly, and after a little prue
Uce the operator can get within
quarter of an inch of a plant without
interfering with it in any way.
The best time to kill a weed is just
before it can be seen. Just when the
first tiny rootlet breaks the shell of a
seed it may be killed by moving it ever
so little, and the garden that is fre-
quently cultivated will never be hard
to keep clean. 1 make it a rule to go
over my garden as soon after a rain
as 1 can work the soil. This prevents
baking, and fining the top soil prevents
evaporation, keeping the water that
falls beneath the surface where the
roots can get at. it.
It is possible for any one to have an
extra early garden by taking a little
pains. S'ieh things as early cabbages
and tomatoes may be started in boxes
in the kitchen, planting them some
time in March, and as soon as the
third leaf starts, resetting them in an-
other box, placing them in rows an
inch apart. A dozen tomato plants
and three dozen oabbage plants will
be enough for these early purposes.
A cold frame is easily made. Dig a
hold a foot deep and three by ten feet
in area in some sheltered place on the
south side of a building eir tight fence.
Be sure this is well drained. In this
hole set a bottomless box that will ex-
tend a foot above the top of the soil
at the back, and six inches in front.
It may be objected that this slope is
too steep, but it should be remembered
we are after the sun of early spring,
which is far to the south. Make a
frame to cover this box, or use com-
mon window sashes, having the frame
or sashes lit closely at the' edges. In-
stead of glass, u-c common sheeting
which has been soaked in boiled lin-
seed oil and dried. Bank coarse ma-
nure around the box on i very side and
in tii is plani for early supplies.
If tins is made in March it will be
warm enough fo; mo.-t purposes. Dur-
ing (old nlghls. Hi" lop should be cov-
ered with hoi.a> blankets, old quilts or
any such things that are about the
place. Let!nee gown in such a frame
will be large enough to transplant by
the time it eould have been sown out-
side, and melons and beans planted in
a fold frame during the first half of
April will lie well started by the time
i: is safe to set them outside.
To start melons, beans and other
tilings that do not transplant well, I
use >Sd fruit cans. These are thrown
the fire until they become un-
red and the tops come off. Then
a stout string around each one
and set them as closely as they will
stand in a '.old frame. Then I fill
them cud ail around them with good
soil such as is in the garden and plant
the seeds in the cans, \Vii> u the plants
are to be set in the open ground, the
plants may be liin d 'ov slipping a piece
of sheet iron under them. A hole is
dug where the plant is to stand, the
plant cut, and can
hn soil and the soil
DISCUSSION.
Q.—What do you do for squash bugs
Mr. Purvis—I used to have a greal
deal of trouble with squashes and bugs,
and Waldo F. Brown told me to gather
up road dust and put on them. I have
also had pretty good success with coal
ashes.
Mr. Hoxle—What, kind do you mean
—striped.
Mr. Purvis—Yes.
Mr. Hoxle—There is another that
has a strong odor. What do you do
with that?
Mr. Purvis—I never found anything
to do for that except to pick them off
by hand. I used to have great trouble
with borers. As a rule you can pre-
vent them from doing any damage by
building a mound up around the stalks.
Invariably the roots will start after
you cover the stalks up with a little
soil.
Mr. Soverhill—Don't you think the
trouble comes more from the root
borer than the bugs?
Mr. Purvis- I just split the stalk and
take the borer out. You can then cover
it up and the plant will grow. It la
pretty hard to kill ti sronsh vine.
Mr. Hartwell— I ep a greased
rag where you hi ng yo I
Mr. Purvis- I i eep ibe h in.a dry
place.
Mr. Hartwell—. ,ve a hoe like this
(exhibiting a triangularly shaped pl~ce
of paper), with the handle at the apex.
It is one of the best tools T pver saw.
You can get them ready made or you
can take an old hoe and cut oft the
corners.
Mr. Arthur Bryant-Did you ever use
the Warren hoe? You put your handle
on the apex, don't you?
Mr. Hartwell—Yes, sir. I prefer this
kind of a ltoe to the Warren. The
Warren has a goose-neck handle.
Mr. Purvis—I would not be surprised
if when a man goes to buy a hoe, he
takes the first one the salesman gives
him. When I buy a hoe I buy one that
was made for me, and if you will look
through an ordinary sized stock you
will always find one that you can use
easier than the others.
Mr. Hartwell—On my place there are
probably ten hoes and four men to use
them. My men all choose the old hoes,
and when they are working in the
strawberries they prefer to any others
those that are filed down almost to a
stub.
O.—What is your sub-soil?
Mr. Purvis—Waxy clay. The first
eighteen inches cn top is just old
prairie.
Mr. Johnson — Congressmen have
been in the habit of sending me a
quantity of seed. That department ha3
been invented for the purpose of keep-
ing the farmers in a good humor with
the congressmen. In one year 1 planted
fourteen or fifteen different varieties
of congressional seeds, and thera
wasn't a single one of them as good as
the ones I had on hand.
Mr. Friend—When you threw water
on the garden, didn't it have a ten-
dency to dry up your plants?
Mr. Purvis—No; I don't think it
made any difference. 1 always worked
the ground over the next morning.
ti.- Do you not think in throwing
water upon plants in a ury time it has
a tendency to cook the plants? Did it
in your case?
Mr. Purvis—No; I never did it until
evening.
Q.—How was it with beets and other
things besides beans?
Mr. Purvis—The beans happened to
\'jc' the only things out of reach. A
friend suggested that I put so much
water on and the subsoil was so tena-
cious that the water really seeped
through.
Mr. Soverhill—Wouldn't the beans
have grown whether they had been
watered or not?
Mr. Purvis—Yes; I think they would.
into
1 tie
frost comes, and neither crop will suf- is packed around it. Alter this the
fer before the potatoes are gone. Lima can may be pu'.!"d out by shaking it
beans and parsnips require the whole | a very little, leaving tlie plants stand-
season and with few exceptions are the ing undisturbed iu the new home,
only garden crops that do not admit of j where they will grow without stopping
a late crop following them. 1 because transplanted.
The Buyer of Armour Rose.—John
Sparks of Reno, Nev., the purchaser
of Armour Rose, is the ideal Western
ranchman. There is just a little gray
in his hair, which has been raven
black, and his manner is that of a
modest man. One might meet him
every day for a year and never hear
from him that his range cattle come
to Kansas City by the tralnload or
that his Herefords have taken the best
of the prizes in all the state fairs of
the Pacific slope. He would not say,
either, that Jack Hayes, his 3-year-old
that weighs 2,400 pounds, is the heav-
iest animal of its age at the show
unless he said it to prove that Here-
fords will grow in the mountainous
lountry of the far West. "I want to
get the best cattle 1 can into our
country," lie said. " I he Hereford is
just suited to our climate, and condi-
tions out there, and we have had rather
a hard time making headway, but the
ranchmen like Herefords as they come
to know thera. i went into the cattle-
raising business in Nevada twenty-five
years ago. At first 1 bad only range
cattle, but I mixed them with Here-
fords and they did so well that I
started a br< oiling farm, and for tho
last six years I have been buying as
good cattle as I can get for my breed-
ing farm."—Kansas City Star.
Salt for Cows. — Without saying that
it is abw lutely1 lUe "best salt for cows"
we prefer the ••oianioti barrel salt aud
to give it at least once daily to each
cow with h"i feed. The more we have
to do with the eow and i eding of cows,
the more art we impressed with tho
id, , that tlie nearer We approach to
lb' practices which are best for our-
selves the belter will it be for the
o\v.-. Personally, we can sec no more
reason for putting out a lump of salt
for tb- cow to "lick'' is she may be in-
clined than there is for each man to
carry a lump of salt in his pocket fen-
use in a similar way. Similarly, the
"salting" <>f cows once or twice a
week, does not appeal to us as the best
way. Of course, where it is impossible,
or even seriously inconvenient, to give
salt with the feed, either of the abo?«
methods answers a very good purpose.
Hoard's Dairyman.
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Burke, J. J. The Norman Transcript. (Norman, Okla.), Vol. 11, No. 8, Ed. 1 Thursday, January 4, 1900, newspaper, January 4, 1900; Norman, Oklahoma Territory. (https://gateway.okhistory.org/ark:/67531/metadc186358/m1/3/?q=%22Business%2C+Economics+and+Finance+-+Communications+-+Newspapers%22: accessed July 16, 2024), The Gateway to Oklahoma History, https://gateway.okhistory.org; crediting Oklahoma Historical Society.