Garfield County Democrat. (Enid, Okla.), Vol. 11, No. 43, Ed. 1 Wednesday, August 21, 1907 Page: 3 of 8
This newspaper is part of the collection entitled: Oklahoma Digital Newspaper Program and was provided to The Gateway to Oklahoma History by the Oklahoma Historical Society.
Extracted Text
The following text was automatically extracted from the image on this page using optical character recognition software:
POLITICAL ITEMS OF INTEREST
Collected and Compiled by "he Democratic Press Bureau
Lee Hotel, Oklahoma City
THE CONSTITUTION AND
THE SCHOOLS
An Extremely Liberal Provision For
Educational Purposes—More than
One-half the Total Tax Levy
Authorized for Mainte-
nance of Public Schools
The constitutional of the proposed
state of Oklahoma makes ample pro-
vision for the support and mainte-
nance of the common schools.
In accordance with section nine of
article ten of the constitution the
total taxes on an advalorem or prop-
erty valuation basis for all purposes
is as follows:
State levy not more than 3V4 mills.
County levy, Including two mills for
county high schools and aid of the
common schools of the county, (10
mills.
Township levy for general purposes,
not more than 5 mills.
City or town levy, not Aore than
10 mills.
School district levy, when authoriz-
ed by a majority of the voters at a
school district election an additional
10 mills.
School district levy, as a matter of
law, not more than 6 milU.
Total, 43% mills.
The foregoing Is more proporely
subdivided as follows, to-wit:
a.. Mandatory for School Purposes.
county high schools and common
schools, 2 mills.
School district levy, as a matter of
law, not more than 5 mills.
School district levy, when author-
ized at any school district election,
not more than 10 milla.
Total, 17 mills.
b. For General or Other Lawful
Purposes.
State levy, not more than 3% mills.
County levy, not more than 8 mills.
City or town levy, not more than 10
mills.
Township levy, not more than 5
mills.
Total, 26% mills.
irther find by calculating that in in-
Ci rporated towns and cities that 17
ott of the 43% mills that may be
le< led in the way of taxation is to be
applied to education, that Is 39.87 of
all the taxes that may be levied by
law !n towns and cities.
In addition to the foregoing liberal
provision for education and the main-
tenance and support of the common
schools there is the interest and in-
come to be derived
manent school fund consisting
! So you win observe that 6 2-3 mills
' under the tree valuation basis as Is
provided for in the constitution is
! equivalent to twenty mills under the
existing conditions in Oklahoma ter-
j ritory today, on the same basis that
i $1.65 on every one hundred dollars
valuation provided for in our consti-
I tution would be equal to $1.95 on
every one hundred dollars valuation
under the existing conditions in the
territory of Oklahoma today. And
the $2.65 tax on every one hundred
dollars valuation that might be levied
and collected in towns and cities
under under our constitution would
be equivalent to $7.95 n every one
hundred dollars valuation under the
from the per-! existing conditions in the territory of
0f | Oklahoma today.
But the critical man, the man that
five million dollars appropriated by
congress and the school lands of thedoesn t want to be convinced, the man
state, which lands are estimated to | with a special interest, the man at
be worth at least tventy-flve million | 'he pie counter, may be skeptical nnd
dollars. Under the provision of the; 8ay he cannot have property
constitution (see sections 2, 3, 4 and j assessed at Its true valuation. That
5, article 11) this school fund shall statement 1b tantamount to the dec-
never be decreased, that is the fund ; laratlon that no government can en-
derived from the money appropriated I force law; that the people through
by congress and from the sale of government are powerless to enforce
GAMBLERS QUIT AT TULSA.
school lands, but may be added there-
to, so the interest derived from the
moneys constituting this fund and
rentals that may be derived from
the land prior to the time that it may
law and restrain crime and prevent
wrong. When we have incorporated
a provision to the effect that the as-
sessor shall be guilty of a crime
when he wilfully neglects to perform
be sold may be used for the mainte- '''s duty 'n the assessment of valua-
nance and support of the common ! 'Ions all it needs is proper state of-
schools of the state. j fleers to see that those laws are en-
We call special attention to the i forced, and if the people of this state
fact that, excluding the taxes for edu-jw'" entrust a democratic adminlstra-
cation and school purposes that may
be levied in districts outside of the
jurisdiction and limits of incorporat-
ed towns and cities, that there is left
only $1.65 on every one hundred dol-
lars of taxable valuation for the sup-
port and maintenance of the state and
county government, and that in the
incorporated cities and towns there
being an additional ten mills per-
mitted to be levied, that $2.65 on
every one hundred dollars' worth of
taxable valuation is left cutside of
the tax levied for school purposes for
the support of the state, county and
municipal government.
Now, some persons may be exercis-
ing the right of a special privilege
under the territorial government, or
may be drawing a salary as an ap-
£o the total tax rate for all pur- j pointive officer, or may have a special
poses in incorporated towns and j privilege under the past existing con-
cities under this constitution is 43>/2 ditions, may seek to raise the ques-
mills, or $4 35 on every one hundredJ tion that this Is not sufficient taxes
tion to enforce these laws just as
they entrusted the democrats to
frame the constitution, they will find
that the democrats will enforce and
cxecute the laws with the same fidel-
ity with which they framed this con-
I stitution.
NOTE.—By reference to page 26 of
the report of the governor of Okla-
homa to the secretary of the interior
for the year ending June 30th, 1906,
you find the following: "As hereto-
fore, property is assessed much be-
low its actual value. The values
fixed by the assessors are not one-
sixth, and In many instances one-
eighth, of the true value, while mon-
ey, stocks and bonds are frequently
not given In at all
"Farm lands have been assessed at
an average of $3.19 per acre, horses
at $16.96 per head, mules and asses at
$23.07 per head, cattle $5.89 per head,
sheep at $1.10 per head, and swine at
" UNITED WE STAND; DIVIDED WE FALL."
L
1
SHOW.
r1FV-AH m
yDU ALL DONE
TOOL US
NIGGAHS
i TOO MANY
\ TIMtS -
I'S GOIN
TO T^KE:
w HAI—^
AWAY THOM
DIS TfEPl/BllCM
' PMny JJacK/
The. Trout
Eld o/TTiiJ
B epAd/ii //.'V
J PHOtllSEYOU)
ANYTHING •*(
Oh" PLOP
ntAon cotit)
S/\CH - Do \
it ron those]
WHO LOVE1
YOUJ
P"TI m
Commissioner Hyamu lr sues a Sweep-
ing Order.
TULSA: After having long been
regarded as helng the "widest open"
ARE PHYSICIANS' PRESCRIPTIONS
NOSTRUMS?
To one not qualified, a* A few lay-
men are, to discriminate Intelligently
between physicians' prescriptions, pro-
fown in the southwest, Tulsa is today j prietary medicines and nostrums, it
without an open gambling house, the may seem little short of a crime to
result of an order by Judge Hyamis, hint even that physicians' prescrlp-
who retires from the bench of the j tions are in any manner related to
Fifth commissioner's district on Sep- j nostrums; nevertheless, an impartial
tember 1. j examination of all the facts in the
On the sidewalks in front of the case leads irresistibly to the conclu
resorts that have so long flourished sion that every medicinal preparation
is the gambling paraphernalia of every
character, awaiting the arrivals of
moving vans to convey it to the de-
pots.
Gamblers and touts are hurriedly
preparing for an exodus and within a
day. it is expected, not a green cloth
man will remain.
Gambling has been carried on open-
ly and every effort to check it has met
with resistance by property owners,
some of wh;m derived good incomes
from the rental of buildings.
WILL APPEAR IN BLANKETS.
Crazy Snake Band Want to See Sec-
retary Garfield.
MUSKOGEE: A full blood Creek
Indian, a member of the Snake fac"
tion, came Into the government of-
fices here to get official Information
as to whether or not Secretary Gar-
field would be in Okmulgee on Aug-
ust 16. He said that if such was tlho
:ase Crazy Snake and all of his fol-
lowers would be there, but that the
Snakes did not propose to take the
word of some outsider that the secre-
tary would be there to meet them.
It was further stated by this In-
dian that some of the Snakes would
appear in blankets. If this is true the
Snakes are craftily planning to make
an impression on the secretary for
there is not in Indian Territory a
single Indian who wears a blanket.
MEETS THERE AGAIN.
Masonic Grand Lodge Decides on
South McAlester Again.
SOUTH MCALESTER: South Mc-
Mester will entertain the Masonic
grand lodge of tihe territory again
next year. At the session of the lodge
it was decided that next year's meet-
ing would be held here, although Sul-
phur made a hard fight for the honor.
During the meeting It was decided
by the Masons to erect an orphans'
home, and until a permanent site can
be selected by the committee ap-
pointed to loclc into the matter, the
old Murrow place at Atoka will be
\ised as a temporary home.
The matter of the consolidation of
the grand lodges of Oklahoma and In-
dian Territory was discussed, but
was carried over without definite ac-
tion until next year.
permitted to be levied in order to
support and maintain state, county
and municipal government. At the
present time in Oklahoma not more
than twenty mills are permitted to be
levied for the support of the schools.
It is a fact that the assessment val-
in Oklahoma on an average
dollars taxable valuation. In the
country, and in all territory, outside
of incorporated towns and cities, the
rate would be ten mills less, as a ten
mill tax is provided for incorporated
towns and cities. Therefore the rate
in the country, outside of lncorporat-
ed towns and cities, is 33% mills, or j nation
$3 35 on every one hundred dollars i does not exceed 33 1-3 of the actual
taxable valuation. I value, and so the twenty mills taxes
You will observe that two mills of, under the existing conditions
the county tax may be applied toward lahoma are equal to only 6 2-3 mills
, , . , . i hnoio urhoro tnp
education, one mill of which may be
applied toward the mantenance of
a high school in the county. The
other mill, when levied, must be ap-
plied towards the common schools.
And further, that as a matter of law,
five mills may be levied in each
school district towards the mainte-
nance and support of common schools.
and, by a majority vote authorizing
same ten mills in addition to the fore-
going may be levied in each school
ritstrict for the support and mainte-
nance of tho common schools.
By calculating you will find that In
the country districts outside of the
incorporated towns and cities 50.57
of the taxes levied under this constl-
" tution are applied to the mainte-
assessment basis where the
property shall be taxed at its fair
cash value estimated at the price it
would bring at a voluntary sale, as
is required under the constitution.
Section 8, article 10 of the consti-
tution provides that all property
which may be taxed on the valuation
basis shall be assessed at Its fair
cash value estimated at the price it
would bring at fair voluntary sale,
and any ofTicer or other person au-
thorized to assess values for taxation
who shall commit any wilful error in
the performance of his duty, shall be
deemed guilty of a misdemeanor and
upon conviction thereof shall forfeit
his office and be otherwise punished
$1.84 per head. The total value of
$96,625,604, as fixed by the assessors
and equalized by the board, does not
exceed 16 2-3 per cent of the true
value of all property subject to taxa-
tion. The actual value is fully $579,-
753,624."
The actual value of the assessable
property in botn territories after dis-
counting the governor's report
twenty-five- per cent, at least $750,-
000. A 17 mills school tax on that
amount will raise annually $1 $2,750,-
000.00. There are in Oklahoma Ter-
ritory, according be the last school
census, 211,000 children of school
age, and In both territories there are
not exceeding 422,000 children of
school age. Therefore, this 17 mill
sevhool tax would realize a fraction
over $30.00 for each child of school
age in the proposed staie, not includ-
ing the revenue derived from the
$5,000,000 school fund appropriated
by Congress and the school lands.
State Organization of Poultrymen.
ENID: Delegates representing fif-
teen different poultry association; will
hold a convention in this city for the
purpose of discussing mutual interests
and perfecting a general organization
in the .territory. A remarkable fea-
ture of the poultry industry is its won-
derful growth in the territory. Fig-
ures show that if is perhaps the most
rapid growing industry in the new
state.
WOMAN bROWNS AT JONES.
While Bathing in South Canadian Got
Beyond Her Depth.
JONES CITY: Mrs. Mary McCoy
of Meriden, Kan., ■who has 'been visit-
ing her mother here for the last two
weeks was drowned in the South Ca-
nadian river near here while bathing
with a party of friends.
Mrs. McCey had ventured farther1
into the stream than had any of the
others and was suddenly seized with
cramps. Before help could reach her
she was carried down the stream for
100 yards and sank. Searchers dragged
the river for the body before it was
recovered.
Her husband, who is a business man
at Meriden, was notified. The body
was sent to Meriden for burial.
Remember that a vote for the dem-
ocratic ticket is a vote for statehood
and organized self-government.
nance and support of schools. YCu will as provided by law
No man will vote for the democrat-
ic ticket and against tho constitution.
THE DEMOCRATIC THEN—
"The anti-pass sentiment is not or-
iginal with this generation. In the
archives of the Pennsylvania railroad
Is a letter dated March 24, 1859, from
President James Buchanan of the
United States, In which he return etl a
free ticket in the Northern Central,
politely acknowledging the courtesy,
and saying that he was opposed to
traveling free on railroads; also op-
posed to granting such favqrs to those
not connected with railroad*."
THE REPUBLICAN NOW—
By the provisions of the railroad
rate bill passed by the last congress
and the ruling of the Interstate com-
merce commission, the issuance of a
railroad pass, even to the editor In
exchange for advertising, is made a
finable ofTense. And yet the voters of
these two territories are treated to
the spectacle of a high cabinet min-
ister and a governor, appointed by
the great "trust buster", traveling
over the new state on a political mis-
sion in luxuriously special trains
furnished free by railroad official*.
Times have certainly changed. A
democratic president thought it
wrong forth-eight years ago for a
public official to accept a free pass,
although there was no law against It,
but the Satellites of the great re-
publican reformer are permitted to
set aside the laws of the great land
and parade around the territory in
special trains in a regal style that
makes the pomp and splendor of the
Oriental potentate visiting a con-
quered province look like a cheap imi-
tation.
Is Killed in Fight.
MUSKOGEE: In an attempt to
even up old see,res with a knife, W. T.
Brown was shot to death with a
Winchester In the hands of J. B.
Ilraehears, nine miles south of here.
Brown was a well known Implement
dealer and the killing was the result
jf an old feud of many years' stand-
ing. Brashears came to this city and
gave himself up to the United Statea
authorities.
Syndicate Secures Guthrie Mill.
GUTHRIE: Isaac Underwuod, W.
A. Humphrey and «irs. Fannie Stone,
comprising the Guthale Milling com-
pany, have closed a deal whereby the
flour mill is sold to the Maney-W-heeler
syndicate for $85,000. Robert Wheel-
er took Immediate charge aa manager.
The syndicate owns mills at Weather-
ford, El Reno, IViss, Thomas and at
Muskogee, and desired the Guthrie
plant in order to have a Santa Fe out-
let.
A $3,500,000 Mortgage Filed'
SOUTH MCALESTER: One of the
largest mortgages recorded here for a
long time has been placed on file in
the office of tte register of deeds. It
is for $3,500,000 and Is given by the
3ulf Pipe Line company of Beaum-oat
Tex., to the Union Trust company ol
Pittsburg, Pa. The mortgage covert
all the pipe line property ol the com
pany, extending from Tulsa to ths
gulf and covers fifty pages of legal
cap.
compounded and dispensed by a physi-
cian is, In the strict sense of the word,
a nostrum, and that the average,
ready-prepared proprietary remedy is
superior to the average specially-pre-
pared physicians' prescription.
What is a nostrum? According to
tho Standard Dictionary a nostrum is
"a medicine the composition of which
is kept a secret." Now, when a physi-
ciaa compounds and dispenses with
his own hands a remedy for the treat-
ment of a disease—and it is authorita-
tively stated that probably 60 per
cent, of all physicians' prescriptions
in this country are so dispensed—the
names and quantities of the ingre-
dients which constitute tho remedy
are not made known to tho patient.
Hence, since its composition is kept a
secret by tho physician, the remedy or
prescription is unquestionably, In tho
true meaning of the word, a Simon-
pure nostrum. Furthermore, the pre-
scription compounded by the average
physician is more than likely to bo a
perfect jumble—replete with thera-
peutic, physiologic and chemical in-
compatibilities and bearing all the ear-
marks of pharmaceutical Incompe-
tency; for it is now generally admitted
that unless a physician has made a
special study of pharmacy and passed
some time in a drug store for the pur-
pose of gaining a practical knowledgo
of modern pharmaceutical methods,
he is not fitted to compound remedies
for his patients. Moreover, a physi-
cian who compound" his own prescrip-
tions not only deprives the pharmacist
of his just emoluments, but he endan-
gers the lives of patients; for It is
only by the detection and elimination
of errors in prescriptions by clever,
competent prescriptionists that tho
safety of the public can bo effectually
shielded from the criminal blunders
of ignorant physicians.
Nor can it be said that the average
physician is any more competent to
formulate a prescription than he is to
compound it. When memorized or di-
rectly copied from a book of "favorite
prescriptions by famous physicians,"
or from somo text-book or medical
journal, the prescription may be all
that it should be. It is only when the
physician is required to originate a
formula on the spur of the moment
that his incompetency is distinctly evi-
dent. Seemingly, however, the physi-
cians of the United States are little
worse than the average British physi-
cian; tor we find Dr. James Burnett,
lecturer on Practical Materia Medlca
and Pharmacy, Edinburgh, lamenting
in the Medical Magazine the passing
of the prescription and bemoaning the
fact that seldom does he find a "final
man" able to devise a prescription
even in "good contracted Latin."
And what, it may be asked, Is the
utatus of the written prescription—the
prescription that is compounded and
dispensed by the pharmacist—is it,
too, a nostrum? It may be contended
that the patient, with tho written
formula In his possession, may learn
the character of tho remedy pre-
scribed. So, possibly, he might If he
understood Latin and were a physician
or a pharmacist, but as he usually pos-
sesses no professional training and
cannot read Latin, the prescription is
practically a dead secret to htm.
Furthermore, the average prescription
Is so badly written and so greatly
abbreviated that even the pharmacist,
skilled as he usually is in deciphering
medical hieroglyphs, is constantly
obliged to interview prescribers to
find out what actually has been pre-
scribed. It may also be contended,
that inasmuch as the formula Is known
to both physician and pharmacist tho
prescription cannot therefore be a se-
cret. But with equal truth it might be
contended that the formula of any so-
called nostrum is not a secret since it
is known to both proprietor and manu-
facturer; for it must not be forgotten
that, according to reliable authority,
95 per cent, of the proprietors of so-
called patent medicines prepared in
this country have their remedies made
for them by large, reputable manufac-
turing pharmacists. But even should
a patient be able to recognize the
names of the ingredients mentioned in
a formula he would only know half
the story. It is seldom, for instance,
that alcohol is specifically mentioned
in a prescription, for It is usually
masked in the form of tinctures and
fluid extracts, as are a great many
other substances. It is evident, there-
fore, that tho ordinary formulated pre-
scription is, to the average patient, lit-
tle less than a secret remedy or nos-
trum.
On tho other hand, the formulae of
nearly all the proprietary medicines
that are exploited exclusively to the
medical profession as well as those
of a large percentage of the proprie-
tary remedies that aro advertised to
the public (the so-called patent medi-
cines) aro published in full. Under
the Food and Drugs Act, every medi-
cinal preparation entering Interstate
commerce is now required to have tho
proportion or quantity of alcohol,
opium, cocain and other habit-form-
ing or harmful ingredients which it
may contain plainly printed on the
label. As physicians' prescriptions
seldom or never enter Interstate com-
merce they are practically exempt un-
der the law. And if it. bo neceBsury
for the public to know tho composi-
tion of proprietary remedies, as Is
contended by those who through ig-
norance or for mercenary reasons ar -
opposing the sale of all household
remedies, why is it not equally neces-
sary for patients to know the compo-
sition of the remedy prescribed by a
physiciant Docs any sane person be-
lieve that the opium in a physician's
prescription Is less potent or less like-
ly to create a drug habit than tho opi-
um in a proprietary medicine? As a
matter of fact, more opium-addicts
and cocain-flends have been made
through the criminal carelessness of
ignorant physicians than by any other
means.
Unquestionably, there are a number
of proprietary remedies on the market
the sales of which should be prohibit-
ed, and no doubt they will be when
the requirements of the Food and
Drugs Act are rigidly enforced; many
are frauds, pure and simple, and some
are decidedly harmful. Of the aver-
age proprietary remedy, however, it
may truthfully be said that it W dis-
tinctly better than the average physi-
cians' prescription; for not only Is its
composition less secret, but it is pre-
pared for the proprietor by reputablo
manufacturing pharmacists in magnifi-
cently equipped laboratories, and un-
der tho supervision and advice of able
chemists, competent physicians and
skillful pharmacists. It should not be
considered strange, therefore, that so
many physicians prefer to prescribe
these ready-prepared proprietary rem-
edies rather than trust those of their
own devising.
ALL RELIGIONS IN LONDON.
Faithist Community Latest Addition
to Its Queer Sects.
Tho Faithist community which has
established a modeBt footing in Bal-
ham, and whose comprehensive gospel
ranges from tho creation of man to
the "glory and labors of the gods and
goddesses of the Etherian heavens," is
the latest addition to tho long list of
London's religious sects, which are
now almost as many as the days of
tho year. In London the Chinaman
burns his incense stick In more than
one joss-house in the east end, the Ma-
hometan has his mosque, the Malayan
his temple, near St. George's street
east; the Parsees worship the sun in
Dloomsbury, the Mormons have a mis-
sion In Islington, and In many parts
of the metropolis the Buddhists and
Ancestor Worshipers perform their
strange rites. Of Christian sects in
London there are at least 300, Includ-
ing the Cokelers, the disciples of Wil-
liam Slrgood, the Walworth shoe-
maker; tho Peculiar People, who pre-
fer prayer to physicians; the Sande-
manians, the followers of Joanna
Southcott, the prophetic serving
maid; the Shakers and the Seventh
Day Baptists.
WOMEN IN MEDIEVAL TIMES.
In Many Ways They Had Easier Lives
Than Their Descendants.
The women of the sixteenth century
and earlier times had easier lives than
those of our generation. To be sure,
there aro a hundred labor saving de-
vices to-day which were unknown to
them. But in at least two Important
respects they had the advantage over
their descendants. They waged no
conflict against dirt such as we carry
on from morning till night. The Eliz-
abethan had no prejudice against gar-
bage in his front yard, vermin in his
bedroom, decaying rushes on the floor
of his banquet hall, or soiled lace in
his sleeves. The strength of arm and
spirit which now goes to keeping clean
was left to the medieval lady for other
tasks. Moreover, although her cloth-
ing was gorgeous—rich with embroid-
ery and lace, and heavy with jewels—•
It was not subject to rapid changes of
fashion. The cut of a sleeve or the
hang of a skirt was settled for five
years rather than five months. Life
was then free from the modern terror
of "looking like a last year's rag bag."
—Youth's Companion.
THE LOAD OF THE LAZY.
This Man Worked Hard in His Own
Particular Way.
One of the neighborhood loafers sat
comfortably smoking his fcul pipe, ac-
cording to his daily custom, in the pre-
scription room of a drug store. He
was soliloquizing aloud to the clerk.
Here is a sample of his sound, con-
tented philosophy: "I'll tell you what!
A man Is mighty miserable if he ain't
got nothin' to do, when he ain't work-
In' at Bomethin'. I know it—I've tried
both ways an' I find that there ain't
nothin' that makes a man more miser-
able than doin' nothin'. But, you
know, there's two kinds of work; one
of them Is where a feller goes to work
at six In the mornln' an' works with
his hands till six at night. The other
is where a feller gits around an' thinks.
I ain't never happy unless I'm work-
in', but I don't believe In that first
kind of work. I believe In thinkln' all
day long, an' that's harder than the
other kind, I can tell you—you Just
try it if you don't believe me; a man
is mighty miserable when he ain't
workin'."
in Praise of ths Pie.
Laura Simmons tells In an article
why good New Englanders should
stick to pie, and calls attention to the
fact that EmerBon ate it three times
a day, and says that pie Is the ladder
by which New England has climbed
to its place of proud eminence. She
questions whether any sensible per-
son was ever known to forage at the
midnight hour for predigested cereals
or the innocuous prune. 8he does not
believe that many New England ances-
tors died of apoplexy, due to pie, but
counsels all to go on pie-eating, despite
the fact that the flat has gone forth
that it Is vulgar to eat pie.
Upcoming Pages
Here’s what’s next.
Search Inside
This issue can be searched. Note: Results may vary based on the legibility of text within the document.
Matching Search Results
View one place within this issue that match your search.Tools / Downloads
Get a copy of this page or view the extracted text.
Citing and Sharing
Basic information for referencing this web page. We also provide extended guidance on usage rights, references, copying or embedding.
Reference the current page of this Newspaper.
Garfield County Democrat. (Enid, Okla.), Vol. 11, No. 43, Ed. 1 Wednesday, August 21, 1907, newspaper, August 21, 1907; Enid, Oklahoma. (https://gateway.okhistory.org/ark:/67531/metadc167112/m1/3/?q=mineral+wells: accessed June 1, 2024), The Gateway to Oklahoma History, https://gateway.okhistory.org; crediting Oklahoma Historical Society.