El Reno Weekly Globe. (El Reno, Okla.), Vol. 12, No. 41, Ed. 2 Thursday, December 7, 1905 Page: 4 of 6
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Recommendations
for What He Considers
Important legislation.
BAILROAD RATES FIRST TOPIC
tn( and of the need of temperate and nece.sury for them to .*•
cautious action In .ecurlng It. ' "h0"'4 lnt0 th. account. o( any railroad
emphatically protest agalnat Itnprop- amine r«U301,a they were direct-
erly radical or hasty action. The Urn unle g tha interstate commerci
thing: to do Is to deal with the great ed to ^ la ,r#atiy l0 be dealred
corporations engaged In the th . -ome way might be found by which
of Interstate tran portatlon_ A. I .aid tha• Dl M l0 tran,por.atlon with-
in my message of December 6 last, the a • lntende<i t0 operate as a fraud
Immediate and moat pre..lng need so ,ln {edl.ral interstate commerc.
far as legislation la concerned, is the up b(_ brougtll UIlller the Juris-
enactment Into law of somei scheme to >f ,he (ederwl authorities. At
secure to the agents ' ,h' '""J' present * occurs thai large shipments ol
ment such supervision and regulation present i controlled by con-
Of the rate, chared by he railroads >nt« ^a'. tramc ^ bu„neM> which
of the country emtaged In Interstate «"'! aI„0unta to an evaaloa of th«
traffic as shall summarily and effec ® k•«« nn m
If
farm regulation of the vast insurance
Interests of this country. The United further Its alms. We assume that all
Stut*H should In this respect follow the civilised governments will support th
poUcy of other nations by providing m0vement. and that the conference I.
adequate national supervision of com- now an aasured faot. This
a Q • -iv ntt- wMl do everything in Us power to secure
the success of the conference to the end
that substantial progress may be made
in the cause of International peace, Jus-
aaequaie imuuiiai ou^v.
mercial interests which are clearly na-
tional in character. My predecessor!
have repeatedly recognized that tne
foreign business of these companlel la
an important part of our foreign com-
mercial relations. During the admin-
istration* of Presidents Cleveland.
Harrison and McKlnley the ■u*le .
partment exerclf^d its influent
through diplomatic channels, to -
vent unjust discrimination by foreign
. ... t^ InBiiranf*
Would Materially Increase ths
Powers of Interstate Com-
merce Commission.
life insurance question
Sees Good and Evil in Labor Untont
Auks for Immediate Appropri-
ations for Panama Canal, and
Promises Report of Board of En-
gineers and Recommendations
Later—Other Mutters.
or the coun.u amounta to an evasion 01 in< vent unjust aiscrrminn......
traffic as shall summarily and Thc eommission should have powei oountries against American Insurant*
tlvely prevent the Imposition of unjust |a • falr tIeatment by the greet companies. These negotiations illM-
or unreasonable rates It mu t Includ^ { lateral and branch lln.a trated the propriety of the congres.
rutwng a complete stop to rebates In trunk line, ol laiera recognising the national character ot
every shape and form. This power to i Immediate Action Urged. j lnsurance for |n the absence of fe<*-
regulate rates, like all similar powers ^ y th(j congreii th* need ol t.ral legislation the state department
over the business world, should be ex- (or expeditious action by th. oollld 0nly give expression to th.
erclsed with moderation ciiutlon andI Plter«tai« , ommerce rommlrfon in all wishes of the authorities ef the several
self-restraint. bu it should exist, s>| matters, whether In regulating Htates, whose policy was Ineffective
that it can be effectively exercised transportation or for .tortus through want of uniformity
or for handling property or commodity i repeat my previous recommenda-
ln transit. The hlst.ry of the cases lit I t)on that the congress^ .hould also ^con-
gated under the present commerce act
shews thut Its efficacy has been to a great
degree destroyed by the weapon of delay,
almost the most formidable weapon lit
the hands of those whose purpose It li
to violate the law.
The president aBks for legislation com-
pelling railroads to in.tall block system, on
their lines, and also t alis the attention ol
washington. Dec. 6-The annual mes-
. ,u i resident Roosevelt was ic.iu
« iui.is.s of e.ingressto-das It is a do,
t!;?n^recommen^atlons foTnuirh Important
'* The subject
' ^nlionsrdrK. Jor. vli
£"cSnm'tton with the . atiun's prosperity-
Vlong as the finances of the nation
80 1 ' h I,,,..e i IkisIs, no o-1
gJJ
r;'r'u-'';;h,:SS:
-:11M1
I!" "e!|k,espe. iails- that the rew-ula.toi
* •••7r ^.r d:rrU;n,«
!r the sphere .it he
Tite arguments in ta\o.
u,.a HUinl were evi :i .li"n| ^
> ' ine*s agencies, ustiall 1
l\ m Experience ha shewn ennelu.lve-
k that It 1h useless to try to ««•> «n.
Situate regulation and supervision ol
tliese gri^at (-orpoiat on.4 by state a<
8,jell regulation and supervision can only
h, elfectlvely exercised by a soyieiK
whoso Jurisdiction Is coextensive with the
eld ,.r work of the corporation.—that Is I bv
trtetr t.ik ns
nvi rwhelminj4
when the need arises.
The flrnt considerstlon to be kept
in mind is that the power should be
affirmative -ml should be trlven to
some administrative body ereatsd by
the connrress. If ^iv-n to the present
interstate commerce commission nr to
.rganlzed Interstate commerce
commission, such commission should
b. ma.le unequivocally administrative.
I df not believe In the KOV«*rnm«nt in-
terferlng with private busityss more
than Is necessary. I do not boll ve
government undert aking any work
, h can with propriety be left in
nrivate hands Rut neither do I be-
llrv. in the government tlinchtnK from
II ,n. " wnrU when It becomes
overseeing any worn wnt.n 1
evident that abuses are sure to ob
tain therein unless there Is
mental supervision. It Is not my prov-
ince to indicate the e«act terms of the
law which Should he enacted, but I
call the attention of the congress to
certain existing conditions with which
n is desirable to deal. In my Judg-
ment the most important "
Which such law should contain Is th
cosferrlng upon some competent ad
ministratlve body the potver In de<J de,
upon the case being brought before it,
whether a given rate prescribed by a
railroad Is reasonable and Just and
If It is found to be unreasonable . nd
unjust, then, after full Investigation
of the complaint, to prescrlbe the llnUt
of rate beyond which It shall not
lawful to go the maximum reason-
able rate, as It Is commonly called
this decision to go Into effect within a
reasonable time and to obtaJ"
thence onward, subject to re\l«w
the courts. It sometimes happens at
present, not that a rate Is too hli^h
but that a favored shipper is given to
low a rate In such ease the e
Finn would have the right to
already established minimum rate as
the maximum and It would need only
one or two such decisions i<y the com
mission to cure railroad companies f
the practice of giving Improper mini i
mum rates. I call your a e
the fact that my proposal is not to
give the commission power to ln'"a'
or originate rates generally, but to
regulate a rate already ftxed or orlgl
n\ t.-d by the roads upon complaint
and after Investigation AJi^vy
penalty should be exacted from any
corporation which fails to respi
order of the commission. I regard this
power to establish a maximum rate
as being essential to any acheme of
real reform in the matter of railway
regulation. The first necessity is to
seen re It; and unless It is granted
the commission there is little use
touching the subject at all.
Rebates Really Blackmail.
Illegal transactions ofton ocour un-
aer the form, of law. It has often oc
curred that a shipper has heen to
traffic oSlcer to buy a larg
non in i ui« v;wnsi> '" -
sirier whether the federal government
han any power or owes a y duty witn
respect to domestic transactions In in-
surance of an Interstate character.
That state supervision has proved In-
adequate is generally conceded. The
burden upon Insurance companies, ana
therefore their policy holders, of con-
meting regulations of many state'. Is
their lines and also calls the attention 01 flictlng regulations ...
congtess to the ex.-sslve hours of label um,ue8tlo.ied. Whfle but little effective
of train service eml .-yes of the railroad check Is Imposed upon any able and
companies ar. often subjected to lie rec unscrupulous man vv o des'r"", \°9rest
om.nintefl plolt the company in his own interest
ommends that a commission be appointed
to study of employers' liability wf.h theob-
JccLof the enactment of a '.aw covering tht
subject and applicable to all industries ,
within the scope of the federal power.
The Labor Question.
The labor question Is treated of at eon ,
.Iderable length, and In this connection the
president says. |
There ha« been demand for deprlylns ,
courts of the power to Issue Injunction.-
In labor disputes. Such special llmlta- hus alroady recognized mat
tlon of th. equity powers of eur court> inaurance may be a proper subject
la he most unwise. It Is true that teder,ti legislation, for In creating the
would have misused this power v.«ir«an of eornorntions It authorized
buTlhl. does nc Justify a denial of th.
piou me conijwii/ - • • ■ .,Aarm
at the expense of the PoUcy holders
and of the public. The Inability of a
state to regulate effectively insurance
corporations created under the laws of
other states and transacting the larger
part of their business elsewhere Is
also clear. As a remedy for this evil
of conflicting, Ineffective, and yet bur-
densome regulations there has been
for many years a widespread demand
—. | for federal supervision. The congress
Such special llmlta has airc.a<jy recognized that Interstate
but 'hi" "ore than an Improper exer
power a ay to call a strike by a
tabor leader would Justify the denial of
the right to strike The remedy I. t.
bureau of corporations it authorized
It to publish and supply useful In-
formation concerning interstate cor-
porations, "including corporations en-
gaged in insurance. It is obvious
that if the compilation of statistics be
,?"rl'to strike. The remedy is ic that lf the compilation 01 -
>uiate the procedure by requiring the thn „m„ Qf the federal rower It J
regulate tne p „ th adverse _k„u„ ineffective to regulate this
th. national government 1 beliequitit;f 0 bought an open re
that this regulation and supervision car nfter It ha. - ^ rHte to take
Ike obtained by the enactment of law b> ductlor 1 arrangement
the congress. If this proves Impossible effect Immediat y,^ ^ th# nn>, shln.
H will certainly be necessary ultimately, resulting r:,uroid and to the
Jo confer In fullest form such power upon per and th compBtltors: for
&. national fovernment by a proper ^ ^ forgotten that the b.a
amendment of the constitution. It would it least as much to
Er y ^rr«:°unnt1r"u r..t0cr.aV, railroad In the matter
the congress and of the several states
{itherto, as passed upon by the courts,
ave resulted more often In showing thai
the states have no power In the mattei
than that the national government h; e
power, so that there at present exists
very unfortunate condition ot things,
The law should make
clVa'r so't'hat nobody can fall to under-
stand that any kind o
paid on freight shipments, whet er ln
ibis form or In the form ot flotltious
damages or of a concession, a rr.
p„sf, reduced passenger rate, or pay-
ment of brokerage. Is ,llep.a1.. r
worth while considering whether
'% very unfortunato condition of things, i " no', be wise to confer on th
under which these great corporations do. £°vernraent the right of civil action
government the right ... ■ .
nc-ninst the beneficiary ot a rebate ror
....... - - , af leaVt twice the value of the reba e
neither any state government nor the na- would help stop what Is real
- ' — blackmail Elevator allowances should
tng an interstate business occupy the po-
sition «)f subjeota without a sovereign
pnuiioi an/ -Tiau bV. i
tlonal government having effective con-1
trol over them. Our steady aim should
b* by legislation, cautiously and care-
fully undertaken, but resolutely per
severed In. to assert the sovereignty ol
llie national government by afflrmatlvi
action
(Present Laws Inadequate.
It has been a misfortune that the na
tfonal laws on this subject have hlthertc
been of a negative or prohibitive rathei
than an affirmative kind, and still mor«
that they have In part sought to prohibit
what, could not be effectively prohibited
snd have In part in their prohibition?
confounded what should be allowed and
what should not be allowed It Is gen-
srally useless to try to prohibit all re
Stralnt on competition, whether this re
Straint h* reasonable or unreasonable
snd where It is not useless It Is gener-
ally hurtful. Events have shown that It
Is not possible adequately to secure th«
snforcement of any law of this kind b\
tnceswanl appeal to the courts The de
partinent of Justice has for the last foui
years devoted more attention to the en-
forcement of the anti-trust legislation
than to anything else Much has beer
accomplished; particularly marked ha>
been the moral effect of the prosecutions
but It Is Increasingly evident that thert
will be a very insufficient beneficial re-
ult In the wey of economic change Tin
successful prosecution of one device u
evade the law Immediately develops an-
other device to accomplish the sunn p '
0o.*e What is needed Is r ot sweeping
prohibition of every arrangement, goor
or bad, which may tend to e tilet «nm-
petition but such adequate sup.--vlsio
ami regulation as will prevent ; n> re-
striction of competition from being t
detriment of the public as well a#
such supervision and regulation as will
prevent other abuses in no w.i> connected
l"h restriction of •• mpetltlo.t ot the .
abuses, perhaps the ch.ef. "Jr™'.
no means the only one. I <- .t .in.ta ./i
tlon generally itself :he result of dlshon
est promotion—because of the mvtta^
evil, it brings In Its train for «uch .ye-
raplt alizatlon often means an intl.ittor
that Invites business panic !t ; 'ways co
ceils the true relation of th. profit earn.i ^
to the capital actually .nveste.l and (
creates a burden of Interest pavmenti
which is a fertile cau-e of Improper re-
duction in or limitation of wages; I'
damages th. small Investor, discourage
thrift, and encourages gamhl ng ant
.peculation; while perhaps w irst of aj
Uie trlcklness and dishonesty which H
implies—for harm to morals Is worse th<\T
.ny possible harm to material Interests
and the debauchery of politic, and bus!
nee. by great dishonest corporations ii
far worse than any actual material evt
they do the public. Until the natlona
government obtain., in some mannei
which the wl.dom of the congress inn
sugge.t, proper control over the btR cor
poration. engaged in Interctate commerci
—that 1., over the great m^torlty of th-
big corporations-it will be Impossible t
deal adequately with these evils.
Railroad Bate Regulation.
• rffi.lt awar<- of th- !"•'
he stopped for they have now grown
to such an extent that they are de-
moralizing and are used as re^ba ^
The best posslhle regula lon ef rates
would of course, be that J * t
secured bv an nom •
among the rallroads themseU-s tc
btK shipper or l.ig railroad to
criminate against or secure
♦Aires over some rival, and such agree
ZEasv
careful supervision, agreene-nts clear
I
"Vihg tins further power «
gi'v ng the commission or a.lmlnistra-
fiv- bo.1- the other powers I have
enumereted above; and It may well
. " ,0 fix a given maximum rate,
which rate, after the lapse ■
,>,le time goes into full efT
loTey car" lin.'J "industrial roads
refrigerator eharg.s, and th. like shout
u. t.iii under the supei n
T in rstPate commerce comm.-.lor
.in,liar bodv so far as rat. - anc
ngreements i.n.cually alfvetlM^
on.-erne.t The private car owner.
he owners of Industrial railroads are en
v ,'r nor tndustrial railroads nor so
"preferential'''rates 8 A^'rebate °r
"iudge to give due notice to the adversf
narfie, before granting the writ, the hear
r„aJl V be ex part, if the adver.e party
. annear at the time and plate
ordered What Is due nstlce must depend
oruercu. f case; It should not
be°used as a pretext to permit v^lor
of law or the Jeopardising of life 01
property Of course this would not au-
thorize the issuing of a re.tralr.lng orde.
or Injunction In any case In which It
not already authorized by "j8'1™
I renew the recommendation I madi
to my last annual message for an In-
vestigation by the department of com
merce and labor of general labor condl-
.inna especial attention to be paid to the
conditions of child labor and child labor
legislation In the several states. 3uch
an Investigation should take Into account
?he various problems with which the
qu.stlon of child labor is connected. It
la true that these prnhlems can be actu-
tllv met in most case, only by the states
themselves, but it* would he well tor liu
nation to endeavor to secure and publish
comprehensive information as to thr con-
ditions of the labor of children in the dif-
ferent states, so as to spur up those thai
are behindhand, and to secure approx-
imately uniform legislation of a hl h
character among the several states In
puoh a republic a* ours tha on.- thing
that we cannot afford to neglect tlie
problem of turning out decent citizens
The tuture of the nation depends upon
•he citizenship of the generations to
come, the children of to-day are those
who to-morrow will shape the destiny
of our land, and we cannot afTord to nog
lact them. The legislature of Colorado
has recommended that the national gov-
-rnment provide some general measure
■or the protection from abuse of childrer
and dumb animals tnror g!ioul the rnite.t
State" I lay the matter before you foi
what I trust will be your favorable con-
sideratlon.
The department of commerce and labor
should also make a thorough Investiga-
tion of the conditions of women in in-
dustry. over r.,000,000 American women
are now engaged in gainful occupations;
vet there i« a# almost complete dearth
of data upon which to base Jiny trust-
worth-. conclusions as regards a subject
is important as It is vast and compl.-
ate.l There Is need of full knowledge
on which to base action looking toward
state and municipal legislation for thf
•irotection of working women. Th- In-
o .1 net ion of women into industry is
•vnrklng change and disturbance In th.
ionestic and social life of the nation.
The decrease in marriage, and especially
In the birth rate, has been coincident with
It We mast face accomplished facts
and the adjustment to factory condition,
must he nude; but surely it can be mad.
with less friction and less harmful effects
on family life than is now the case
rills whole matter in reality forms one
of the greatest sociological phenomena,
of on'' time; it is a social question ol
the first importance, of far greater Im-
portance than any merely political or
economic m i-stlon can be; and to solve I
. we need ample data, gathered In a,
sane and scientific spirit in the court*.
of an exhaustive investigation. I
In con. liir.g with the subject of laboi
the president says:
in anv great labor disturbance not only
are employer and employe interested, bul
is,, a third party the general public.
r\ considerable labor difficulty In
Alii,h interstate commerce is involveo
hould be investigated by the *oV"ern-
tnent and the facts officially reported
the public
Equal Rights for All.
The question of securing a healthy
wholly" "ineffective to regulate thl
form of commercial intercourse
tween the states, and as the
business has outgrown In magnitude
t-he possibility of adequate state^ su-
pervision. the congress should care
fully consider whether further leg sla
tlon can bo had What Is said above
applies with equal force to 'raternal
and benevolent organizations which
contract for life Insurance.
Tnder the subject of national revenue,
the president makes a plea for the enact
ment of reciprocal arrangements between
this a,id other countries but does not ask
tlce and good will.
In the conclusion of this ubject he
*"l have dwelt much on the dansrer.
to be avoided by ateerine clear of any
mer. foolish sentimentality b.cause
my wish for peace is so genuine and
earnest; because 1 have a real and
great desire that this second Hague
conference may mark a l n« stride
forward in the direction of securing
the peace of justice throughout the
world No object is better worthy the
attention of enlightened statesmanship (
than the establishment of a surer
method than now exists of securing
Justice a. between nations, both for
the protection of the little nations and
for the prevention of war between the
big nations To this aim we should
endeavor not only to avert bloodshed,
hut. above all, effectively to strengthen
the forces of right. Thg Golden Rule
should be, and in the world grows In
morality It will be. the guiding rule
of conduct among nations as among
Individuals; though the Golden Rule
must not be construed In fantastic
manner as forbidding the exercise of
the police power. Thl. mighty and
free republic should ever deal with
aU other states, great or small, on a
•msis of high honor, respecting their
'•ights as jealously as it safeguards its
I "The Monroe Doctrine receive,
lengthy consideration, as does also the
open I ? Sail to Domingo for asslst-
j nnee which the president believes It
Is our duty to give.
In treating of the subject of the
army and navy the president favors
a change in the method of promotion
tie would promote officers on merit
1 instead of by seniority, believing that
this method would be conducive to bet-
ter efficiency than the one now in
vogue He nlso recommends tin In-
crease in the coast artillery; the gar-
! risonlng of considerable bodies of
troops at one place, and for an in-
crease and reorganization of the med-
ical service in both the army and
navy.
Naturalization Laws.
Legislation in line with the recommenda-
tions of the naturalization commission ap-
oolnted by the president last March is
asked for. These recommendations are
given as follows: „
First A federal bureau of naturallza-
tion to be established In the department
of commerce and labor, to stipervlae th.
administration ot the naturalization laws
and to receive returns of naturalization
pending and accomplished.
S.cond. Uniformity of naturalization
not b. the least danger that any luch tr -
vl.lon would refill In any relaxation of tb«
law about laborer. These will, under all
eonditlons. be kept out ebsoUitely But it
will be more easy to scij that both Justics
ar.d courtesy are shown, as they ought ts
be shown, to other Chinese, lf the aw or
ir -;it > is framed as above susgtate i E*- '
an.matlons should be t ompleted at the port
ii! departure from China. For this ptrpos#
there fchould be provided a more adeqiiats
coi.sular service in rhina ti.an wt nv>w
The approi: th ns, both for tho
for the OtXHL
forces in the consulates, should bs la-i
creased.
Insular Possessions.
He treats at considerable length « f condl J
ths Philippines, and re< omyn£ 4
• il.« . oast wise iaws of ths
, States as applied to tho archipelago i>e
pen Jed ur.tii July 1, 1909 He recommends
' the immediate fortification of Hawaii la
irder to conserve the interests of this coun-
| try In the Pacific. H« also advocates tht
adoption of legislation that will explicitly
eonftr American cltlsenshlp on the peoplt
of Porto Rico, and on the general subject
of insular afTalrs says: >f\
I wish also to call the attention or f<
congress to one qutstlon which affects o
insular possessions generally; namely, tht
need of an increased liberality in the treaty
ment of the whole franchise quesffm it
this® islands. In the proper desire to-pre-
vent the islands being exploited by specula-
tors and to have them develop in the inter-
«*t of their own people an error has been
made in refusing to grant sufficiently lib-
eral terms to Induce the investment of
American capital In the Philippines and in
Porto Rico. Elsewhere In this message I
have spoken strongly against the Jealousy
of mere wealth, and especially of cor-
porate wealth as Buch But It Is partlculat
'y regrettable to allow any such Jealous
to be developed when we are dealing either
with our insular or with foreign affair*
The big corporation has achieved Its pres
oilt position In the business world slmpl"
because It is the most effective instrumer.
in business competition. In foreign tjjrair
III UUDIHCM « -
we cannot afTord to put our peop.e at • ,i«j
advantage with their competitors by 1A '
this and other countries, but does " ! cer.t|tH-ates, fees to be
for any tariff legislation, a the pre.en
charged, and pro-
subject
time in the same connection he asRs for
economy in appropriations
Business Methods in Departments.
On the subject of •■graft " in the several
government departments that have been
under Investigation he says:
At various times 1 Have Instituted
Investigations into the organization
and conduct of the business of the ex
ecu ti v.- departments. 'While none o
these Inquiries have yet Progressed
Tar enough to warrant tinal contu-
sions. they have already confirmed
and emphasized the general
slon that the organisation of the d
partments Is oft. n faulty tnprincipU
and wasteful it. results whfle m**T
of their business methods are anil
q„at, .l and inefficient. There Is every
reason why our exe.utlve KOT«^,"t
mental machinery should be at leMt
IV..11 planned, economical aad
i tiicietit as the best machinery of the
great business organizations, which at
present is not th. case. T "'Je 't
SO is : task of complex detnl- and
sentialiy executive in its natur.; prob-
ably no legislative body, no matter
how wise and able, could undertake it
with reasonable prospect of BUC"SS
I recommend that the congress con-
alder this subject with a view tc pro-
vide bv legislfition for the transfer,
distribution, consolidation and assign-
T-i-'itt of duties and exeeut ve organlia
tlons or parts of organl.atlons and
for the changes In business method.,
within or between the several depart
menu, that will best promote the
economy, efficiency and high charade
of the government work.
Federal Elections.
On the subject of federal tactions he rec-
ommends that it be made unlawful for P
iltical parties to receive campaign. oon
rlbu ions from the corporations, and also
that It be mad. unlawful for corporations
to give such contributions, and in thiscon-
nCon°tnrlbutiona,: by corporatlon. t. any
\'VZ !'r^,n\V 'should ^0thXCt,nT
'^-.nt^ut^r-ut
%r^.rJS?ht le'gisla-
money In conn lrtymrnt of coun-
I .el"In public manner for distinctly 1.-
gal services.
The Hague Conference.
I The Hague conference and the stih-
| connection an explanation is BlV^t >
| thia g
I coming conf
1 WO,he9 first conference s, nations held at
Third. More exacting quallflcation for
citizenship. . , _.. „ .
Fovirth. The preliminary declaration of
intention to be abolished and no alien to
i be naturalized until at least 90 days after
the riling of his petition.
Fifth Jurisdiction to naturalize aliens
! to be confined to United States district
I courts and to such state courts as have
of a jurisdiction in civil actions m which the
smouat in controversy Is unlimited; In
cities of over 100.000 inhabitants the
United State# district courts to have ex-
etoalrs Jurisdiction in the naturalization
•f tb« allen residents of such eltles.
Public Land Laws.
R« iuuiendHtlons for changes in the pub-
lic '.and laws are made, and in th-is connec-
tion the president says:
The creation of small irrigated
farms under the reclamation i t i
powerful offset to the tendency of cer-
tain othec laws to foster or p.Tmlt
monopoly of the land Under t nt act
the construction of great irrigation
works has been proceeding rapidly and
successfully, the lands reclaimed are
eagerly taken up. and the prospect
that the policy of national irrigation
will accomplish all that was expected
of it is bright. The act should be ex-
tended to include the state of Texas.
The reclamation act derives much
of its value from the fact that it tends
to secure the greatest possible num-
ber of homes on the land, and to cre-
ate communities of-freeholders. In part
bv settlement on public land. In part
by forcing the subdivision of large
private holdings before they ean get
water from government irrigation
works. The law requires that no right
•to the use of water for land in private
ownership shall be sold for a tract
exceeding 160 acres to any one land
owner. This provision has excited ac-
tive and powerful hostility, but the
success of the law itself depends on
the wise and firm enforcement of It.
We cannot afford to substitute tenants
for fr-eholclers on the public domain.
The greater part of the remaining
public lands cannot be irrigated. They
are at present and will probably al-
ways be of greater value 'or grailng
than for any other purpose 1 his fact
has led to the grazing homestead ot
(140 acres in Nebraska and to the pro-
posed extension of it to other states.
It is argued that a fnmMy cannot M
supported on 160 acres of arid grazing
land This Is obviously true; but
neither can a- family be supported on
",40 acres of much of the land to which
It is proposed to apply the grazing
homestead To establish universally
any such arbitrary limit would be un-
wise at the present time. It woula
I probably result on the one hand in
: enlarging the holdings of some of the
great land owners, and on the other
I In needless suffering and failure on
the part of a very considerable pro
auvaniiige nuu i.—. —■ ' . 1
way discriminating against ths emeu *
of uur business organizations. In thesb.nt
way we cannot afford to allow our insuls
possesions to ios behind in Industrial d
velopment from any twisted jealousy o
business success. It is. of course, a met"
truism to say that the business Interest.ol
the Islands will only be developed lf It be
come the Ilnancial Interest of somebody t«
develop them. Vet this development 1. om
of the things most earnestly to be wist '
for in the interest of the Islands thems.lvii
We have*been paying all possible heed
the political and educational Interests (
the islands, but, important though these r
lefts are. it Is not less Important that
should favor their industrial dcvelopmel
The government can In certain ways n
this directly, as by building good roa _
but the fundamental and vital help m
be given throuth the development ~
industries of the Islands, and a mfc.t .0
clem mean, to this end is '-o encourage
American corporations to Btart Indu.trf
in :hem and this means to make it adva
tageous for them to do so. To llatft ti
ownership of mining claims as has b«-
done in the Philippines Is absurd.
In treating of Alaska he asks that (
territory be granted an elective delegate
congress, and of the territories of OU
horns. Indian territory, New Mexloo a
Arizona he says:
Admission to Statehood.
I recommend that Indian territory a
Oklahoma be admitted as one state
that New Mexico and Arizona be admi-
ns one state There Is no obligation it i
us to treat territorial subdivision, wl
are matters of convenience only, a. b
lng us on the question of admission to t
hood. Nothing has taken up morstiB'
the congress during th. past fM£Vi.
ti.an the question as to the statebi f
be granted to the four terrlturle. VV
mentioned, and after . a., f t. eon.ldera.
of a'.l that has been developed In the i
cusslons of the question I recommend ti
they be immedlatelv admitted aM .
states. There Is no Justification for furl.
delay; and the advisability of maklr*
four territories into two states has
clearly established.
In some of the territories the legUl.
assemblies issue licenses for gamt
The congress should by .aw 'orbld
practice, the harmful result, of which
obvious at a glance.
The Panama Canal.
He refers to the Panama canal, but.
from asking for an immediate anpWI
tlon does not give any re. opimendf ,t -
to other legislation at tills time but
Ises a later communication which shal
tain th. report of the board of engi
and his own conclusions as to tWe tyt
canal. On this subject he says: I
Tie American pe"p.e is p.edgen to
speciilest possible construction of a <
. . [uute to meet the Icmands whl'tl
.mnierce of the world will make upc
ird I appeal most earnestly to the
gross to aid In the fulfill" • nt of the pi.
ratifying progr..- has rnad.dt
. lasts ear and espei iallj during tn<
• , 11 r months. The greater part of th
iarj preliminary v ik has been
Actual work of exca\ .'i"n cou.a be
oily on a limited - i • 'he Cana
ib made a healthful place to live
work In. The isthmus had to be si
...1 first. This task lies been so thori
mp.i-l.cd that y. OW t; '.naj '
. . ;■ r i ■. 111 ti mill
imp Ished that yellow i • «ti
virtually extirpj ted frc m tht IHUiW
-enerai health conditions vastly V* .1
Island
The question of securing a nea u.,, The flr8t c^l^e^'^nab\e to d^
self-resDet ling and mutually sympathetic Hague in ^ .. recom.
"att tude as between employer and em- of a„ ,he bus. ne s before «t;
ploye. capitalist and wage worker,1s a the consideration hy
difflcult one All phases of the labo. of a number "' Imp nrt«e >ub|>e. |
problem prove difflcult when approached ,her conf.ren Tlie..e
But the underlyng principles, therojjt quently and at a lng. (1) The
principles, in accordance with which th. I tl0„s were the following v
probleni must be solved are entirely s u, . an.l dti ,, .;f - >'■««*• ^ ^
pie. W, can get Justice and right dealing i limitation oj m,,ltlirv budgets: .31 the .
only if we put as of paramount imp ?, .,n(i ^e.i. and • libers of military j
once the principle of treating a | ise "f new ts 1 • inviolability of
his worth a, a man rather than with ,„,i naval gt ns tti^tr^ ^ <>f war. ,
reference to his social position, his occu- rj. ;v ■ prop ot l)nrts. cit>s and
patlon. or the class tp which he^belong. [ ^he^hom ^ ^ for_.i.> October.
V>aiiun, oi me
There are seltish and brutal men In a.
ranks of life If they are capitalists |
their selfishness and brutality may tak. ,
the form of hard Indifference to suffer- |
lng greed) disregard of every moral re-
straint which interferes with the accum-
ulation of wenlth. and cold-blooded cx-
i. at
. ntary
, 1.1 .11
",ln" r'",V ',,'r"it'''mil' ,,r ln n dlvl I plo'tat'ion of the weak: or, If they art
i I tc for refrgeratlng chargei I "- - - of ...lien
S pernicious as .. rebate In an>
lower rate should api
Taborers, the form of laziness, of sullen
envy of the more fortunate, and of will-
ingness to perform deeds of murderous
j violence. Such conduct is just as repre-
j hensible In one case as in the other, and j
all honest and farseelng men should Jo n
in warring against it wherever It be-I
co «s manifest. Individual capitalist and ,
iadlvldual wage worker, corporation and i
union, are alike entitled to the protec-
r ■ I M.ia. allka aViaV Iht
aranda other than those reported pur-
suant to law or regulation, and th. s< |
ZT, or memorat da .houldI be open |
n an expianaiion in *>*■ ' the part or ■
rnnient's connection with the | rtlon 0f the bona fide settlers who
inference in the following , J|ye faUh to the implied assurance of
the government that such an area is
sufficient The best use of the public
grazing lands requires the careful ex-
amination and classification of these
lands in order to give each settler
land enough to support his family and
no more While tlUs work is being
done, and until the lands are settled,
the government should take control or
the open range, under reasonable reg-
ulations suited to local needs, follow-
ing the general policy already in suc-
cessful operation on the forest re-
serves It Is probable that the present
grazing value of the open public range
is scarcely more than half what it
once was or what it might easily bs
again under careful regulation.
The Immigration Question.
Several recommendations looking to
changes in the present immigration laws
in vita • ions are made, and he suggests that United
The Hague | states government agents pass upon lmml-
to such a grants before they leave their native shefres
I m,R.re-trd that it be again for this country. He also recommends such
, I , ; in :ts note of De- changes in ths laws ns would not work^a
it
Cuba from a pest no it V
i ner.aced the health of the world,
1 healthful place of abode, have been *
,n the isthmus with satisfactory re
1 There Is no reason to doubt that whe
nuns for water suppl> . paving and t
ige of ranama and Colon and th«
' abor camps have been fully carrh
the isthmus will be, for the tropics,
usua ;> healthy place of abode TI
is so far advanced now that the he
! all those employed ln canal work It
guarded as It is on similar work I
1 country and elsewhere
1 In addition to sanitating the is
! satisfactory quarters are being prj
for employes and an adequate syt
I supplying them with whoiesoifce \
easonable prh-es has been creatVcj
have been established and
of th«
v**"
miicie lit to work in, anJ provision t
without superiors of thA
country hfivwf-.hu j
h • Instance <
union, which
ihe I'nltert St
■a makers of l
the Interparlla
at a confereruce j
Pi and at ten led |
il ffer :xt nation?
ted the demand for a second
,,f nation.-. I issued invltati
towers signatory
i„ -end delegat
Thi
:;'^r,m^r,;:r^an"a.,ual.y obtain.
' iCniert" t-'oods from th- Amet .at
,.'.>,oirl t' destination except In cane.
',t,r competition ... the control!
, There should be puhllcltj
the niount. of common carriers: n<
,,r„,.r en.<a«e.l tn interstat. "u,awli are alik. entitled to tne proiac-1
,'uslness Should keep any books r mem t(on o( th, law, anJ mu.t alike ob.y th.
timn those renorted pur* | I
: :nnuiiv
forelu
i h ^ K iV. a^pe c t lo no t" the government Onl, I
III thi« way can violations or evaalons o
lh. law be surely detected. A .y.t™
examination ot railroad accounts .houW
be provided similar to that now conducted
into the national banks by the b..nk ex
amln.r.; a few flr.t-claa. railroad ^
.ountant., lf they had prop.r dlr«tlo>
The Insurance Scandal.
On the subject of life insurance the presi-
dent says recent events have emphasized
the importance of early action looking to a
solution of the subject of some sort of con-
trol that will furnish better safeguards
than the several states have been able to
furnish against corruption of the flagrant
kind which has been exposed, snd in this
ihe United States govern-
• a ted to the representa-
, governments Its belief
it tne i uincrence could be best ar-
|,.ged undeV the provisions of the pres-
lague treaty.
rrom all the powens acceptance was re-
I , o pied in sora.' cajes with the
.n.lltio i that we should wait until th.
,1 he war then wa«.ng betw-een Rtis-
,nl ' ip.in The emperor of Russia.
the treaty of peace
•ountant., lf they had proper «ir«.™ | he «,nth ue,
«<) proper authority W Inspect book, anj of & gtrtcltr and unl-
jap.rs, could accompll.h much ln pr
'litelv finer iu« n / • r-
-;o i spp ly terminated tnis war, tursrs, profettors, travelers and ths
. - resented to the president on g^ould be encouraged to come here
..v, AmKoceidiir Rosen nrArixniv the same footlns
hardship on ths educated Chinese coming
Into or visiting this country, but without
letting down the bars to the Chinese coolie
labor, and in this connection he says:
But ln the effort to carry out ths policy
of excluding Chinese laborers, Chlnete
coolies, grave injuttics and wrong havs
been done by this nation to the people of
China, and therefore ultimately to this na-
tion Itself. Chinese students, buslnets and
professional men of all kinds not only
merchants, but banksrs, doctors, manufac-
turers profettors, travelers and ths like—
. and
pita.
i hat I
any where
at fit tu «• •• —i •— - -
de for the welfare and comfort <
who are to do the work During •
year a large portion of the plai.
1 which the work is to be done hat 1
| dercd. It is confidently believed
1 . middle of the approaching year
, ient proportion of this plant wl
heen Installed to enable us to rest'
! work of excavation on a large scale
W hat is ne« led n w ai d without cl
I an appropriation by the congress t
the current an : accruing expense^
nlsslon. The first appr 'at.
flO.OOO.OuO, out of the $135,'HX),000 ait1
by the Spooner act, was made thra
ago. it is nearly exhausted. Tj
barely enough of It remaining to c
1 commission to the end of the year
the congress shall appropriate be:
time all work must cease. To arr<
ress for any length of time now, * .
ters are advancing so ■atisfaotorll f'
be deplorable. There whl be no nun
which to meet pay-roll obllgatl
nor.e with which to meet bills coi
for materials and supplies, and i.
be demoralization of the forces, ho
■ sen tea io mc ®nauia -
> • . r ' through Ambassador Rosen treated on precisely the tame footing Uiat
t ative in recommending that wg lr*at studsnts. business men, travelers
>n l ere nee be now cslbd. Ths United tht llk# ©f other nations. Our laws
n. . ... .Lit \r n«n treaties should be framed, not so ss ts
,11.1 hi a ted h pUt these people in the excepted clsstes,
ttirse take pai gtate that we will admit all (Jhlneto,
. oiiLf.r-i. .« s"d endeavor ti Chlnete of the coolie class, Chinese
skilled or unsklUed iaborers. There weulA
uo utiii«i i>«>"' "" - *
the isthmus, now working to harm
and effectively, lf there it d^'.ay i]
lng an emergency spproiu^fttlf
The message CiOtes with a reco
tlon for more adequate provislo
work of the tiate department, ar
justment of the salary list of our d}l
ottlcera
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Simpson, E. J. El Reno Weekly Globe. (El Reno, Okla.), Vol. 12, No. 41, Ed. 2 Thursday, December 7, 1905, newspaper, December 7, 1905; El Reno, Oklahoma. (https://gateway.okhistory.org/ark:/67531/metadc167051/m1/4/?q=music: accessed June 18, 2024), The Gateway to Oklahoma History, https://gateway.okhistory.org; crediting Oklahoma Historical Society.