Garber Sentinel. (Garber, Okla.), Vol. 7, No. 51, Ed. 1 Thursday, October 11, 1906 Page: 3 of 8
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AND
WHEAT MIDGE.
Description and Habits of This Enemy
of the Wheat Plant.
Prof. H. A. Gossard, entomologist
of the Ohio station, says:
The fly, which is a close relative of
the HeEsian fly, is a very small, deli-
cate insect, appeasing on the wing j
■some time in June, usually about the
date when the fireflies first appear j
and the blossoms of the locust trees
are fading and falling to the ground.
The eggs are laid in a cavity or |
groove at the upper end of the outer- j
most chaff, so that the young maggots
on hatching can readily reach the in-
cipient kernel. These reddish larvae !
imbibe nourishment from the milky
kernel, ceasing to feed after the grain
becomes hard. When full grown they
seek the earth, generally by crawling
down the stalk when It is wet with i
dew or by slidjng down in a raindrop. ■
Going about one-half an Inch beneath
the tui face, they make cocoons not
"Wheat Midge (Diplosis tritici), a, fe-
male fly; b, male fly; c, larvae
from below.
larger than mustard seeds, very diffi-
cult tr find, in which they remain un-
til the following summer, when they
again issue as flies. However, many
of the larvae have not left the heads
hy harvest time and these are carried
into the barn or stack; they soon be-
come dry and shrink away from their
skins, becoming "cased larvae;" these
do not feed; they again become active
■when thoroughly moistened, even after
having lain quiescent for more than
■half a year. Since the chaff from the
threshing machine contains countless
numbers of these "cased larvae," it
should be promptly burned; the bulk
of the straw can be put to its custom-
ary use without special dangei
The great majority of the flies are
always derived from the pupae buried
in old wheat fields. Rotation of crops
will be of some help in controlling
them, many of the flies becoming lost
and perishing while hunting new fields
in which to lay their eggs. However,
the only thorough remedy is to plow
the stubble under in the fall to such
a depth that the flies cannot make
their way to the surface the next year.
This should be done as soon after har-
dest as possible. Plowing to a depth
of eight or nine inches is sufficient.
Burning the stubble before plowing
"will help. Neighborhood cooperation
in all these remedial measures Is im-
portant.
FOR GOOD ROADS.
What Pennsylvania Is Doing to Im-
prove Her Highways.
SOME EXPERIMENTAL ROADS.
What Is Being'Done in Illinois by the
Highway Commission.
The Illinois state highway commis-
sion is pushing as rapidly as possible
the construction of a number of ex-
perimental roads In various sections
of the state. There has been much de-
lay in getting this work started, owing
to the negotiations it was necessary to
take up with the various railroads for
freight rates. This has permitted
work to begin at some points and to
be delayed at others.
One stretch of road has been com-
pleted at Salem, 111. This road is situ-
ated in Salem township, just outside
the limits of the city of Salem. The
highway commissioners of Salem
township applied for broken stone,
which was furnished them, and a piece
of road built by the local commission-
ers; owing to the lack of proper meth-
ods. the road thus laid was poorly
made, gays the Farmers' Review. The
state highway commission completed
about 2,200 feet of the work with the
aid of a steam roller and modern
methods of construction, making as
smooth and fine appearing a piece of
road as can be found anywhere.
The width of the macadam is about
14 feet and put on eight inches deep;
part of the work was resurfacing the
road laid by the local commissioners,
at the end of which was about f>00
feet of newly constructed road. Tim
exact cost of this work cannot be as-
certained, owing to lack of records on
the work done prior to that under
charge of the state highway commis-
sion. The estimated cost of this work
per mile, Including grading and shap-
ing the subgrade, hauling the stone a
distance of about a mile and a quar-
ter, spreading and rolling, is about
$2,500. The material was furnished
free by the state from the state rock
crushed at the Southern Illinois peni-
I tentiary at Menard. The freight on
(he stone over the Illinois Southern
railroad was paid in ballast.
The contract between the portion
of road built with the steam roller and
| that upon which the roller was not
| used, furnishes a most striking illus-
! tration of the importance of proper
! equipment and technical experience in
' highway construction.
i The improved piece of road is at-
{ tra'cting a great deal of attention !<>-■
cally, and the travel over other routes
in the vicinity is almost entirely dl-
j verted to the new road, in spite of the
i fact that the distance is thus in-
creased.
There is another interesting piece
of road work in the vicinity of Salem,
which has been carried on through the
efforts of Mr. John H. Greene, who
for the past six years lias dragged
and kept in excellent condition one
mile of road near his farm. During
the past winter it is said that the
Greene road was the best piece of
road in the county. This piece of
road lias been kept in better condi-
| tion than the average road in the
county for less money than was spent
on other roads where a grader and
four to six horses are used. It is an
interesting fact that Mr. Greene has
been using off and on for the past 15
years, a road drag very similar to
what is known as the "Split Log
Drag," and has done much to in-
terest the people generally in this
work, and recommends Its general
adoption for the maintenance of earth
roads.
Observa- ARLAHOMA
tions in
KEEP YOUR EYE ON THE NEW STATE!
Locomotive of Future:
Ninety Miles an Hour«
Pennsylvania thinks It has the most
liberal good roads law in the country
and thinks It is doing more to make
good roads than any other state in the
union. The law, whiph was passed In
1905, runs for five years and appro-
priates a total for the state's share
in making good roads, $6,356,232.
Nearly $1,000,000 was expended for
the fiscal year of 1905 and for the
years i906-'07, each, $1,250,000 is set
aside. For the next two years the an-
nual expenditure will be $1,500,000.
This represents three-fourths of the
sum expended. Of the remainder the |
county pays one-eighth and the town-
ship one-eighth. The roads must be
permanent and the standard is very
high. There is a state department of
highways, and when the state first be-
gan this system that department com-
plained that the counties and town-
ships refused to do, or were very slow
in doing their part. Rut the small
beginning won for itself, and now the
local bodies are most eager for the
•work, making greater demands than
the appropriation can meet. The
amount of work already applied for
by the counties outruns the state ap-
propriation by millions of dollars. In
other words, the farmers, seeing what
good roads mean to them, are eager to
pay their part where the state helps
so liberally. In 48 of the 66 counties
the entire amount allotted has been
absorbed. Chester county, for exam-
ple, has made 11 miles of road and
has anplied for 13 miles more, which
exhausts its share of the state aid.
But it has additionally applied for
229 miles more. Altogether the state
is so pleased with the gbod roads ex-
periment that It is believed the legis-
lature will enlarge the appropriation.
The state treasury has a large surplus,
and it Is proposed to exhaust It in giv-,
)og the state food roads. j
HIDING A CELLAR DOOR.
By Arrangement of Boxes It Can Be
Done Very Easily.
My. cellar is situated just under the
kitchen and for a long time we
wanted a door that would not be un-
sightly and in the way, writes a cor-
respondent of the Farm and Home.
Fina'iy we constructed an arrange-
ment shown In cut. A heavy frame-
□ 0
run
Cover for Cellar Door.
work was built of 2x8 Inch stuff cov-
ered with matched board. The two
parts, a and b, are the same size and
lilnge together with heavy hinges.
The top of this is used as a table, ex-
cept when it is desired to go into
the cellar, when part b Is drawn aside,
exposing the cellar stairs.
Apples should be picked when they
are fully matured, but bafore they
have begun to get mellow.
Wanted to Take it Back. — Mayor
Douglas, of Collinsville, near Tulsa,
recently resigned. The next day he
asked the resignation back. Douglas,
It is said, forced every jolntkeeper in
town to destroy all the liquor in their
possession.
Looks Very "Dry."—There has been
a reduction in the number of saloons
in Oklahoma of 128 in one year. July
1, 1905, there were 693 saloons. July
1, 1906, there were 5S5. Since the first
of July there has been a further re-
duction of 20.
Blue and Gray Reunion.—The Blue
and the Gray will hold a grand re
union in Chickasha on October 9 and
10. All the veterans of the "daVs that
tried men's souls" are cordially invit-
! ed to attend. Sons, daughters and
' wives of veterans are especially in-
vited.
Stockmen Assassinated.—At Chook,
I. T., James Martin, a stockman, was
shot as he was riding along the high-
way. It is alleged that trouble with
other stockmen was the cause of the
tragedy. Cicero Davis, a wealthy
stockman, was killed by an unknown
assassin four miles east of Porum, 1.
T., being shot from ambush while go-
ing along a road near his home.
Ask Rates on Oil Meal.—Managers
and owners of cotton oil mills In Ok-
lahoma and Indian Territory met at
Oklahoma City and prepared a peti-
tion to be suhmitted to traffic officials
of all railroads entering the two terri-
tories. asking a reduction of rates on
cotton seed oil meal, hulls and linters
to seaports, in order to allow them to
compete with the mills or near-by
states.
Another Frisco Extension. — News
has been given out that the Ozark,
Cherokee & Central, a Frisco line,
will be extended from Okmulgee, the
present terminus, probably to Chand-
ler, work beginning in October. There
is some talk of making the extension
to Shawnee instead of Chandler. If
this extension Is built it will give the
peopte of Guthrie a direct line to Mus-
kogee and other points in Eastern
Indian Territory and Arkansas.
Is Heir to Valuable Estate. —
Through a controversy over the own-
ership of some town lots in Whites-
boro, Tex., it came to light that Mrs.
J. L. Cozens, of Lawton, was one of
six heirs to a valuable estate left by
R. H. Hollis, her grandfather, com-
prising several farms near Whites-
boro, Tex., and a portion of the resi-
dence district of that city. The
property is worth nearly a million dol-
lars.
Held to the Grand Jury.—J. W. Pet-
ers, the police officer of Muskogee
who shot Ed Hubbard, a 17-year-old
negro boy in attempting to arrest
Hubbard, was arraigned before Com-
missioner Hoyt. He waived prelimin-
ary hearing and was bound over to
the grand jury, the bond being fixed
at $2,000. Hubbard will recover al-
though it was at first thought that
the bullet which pierced his lung
would prove fatal.
Change in Oklahoma Bank. — A
change in banking circles in Oklaho-
ma City occurred when J. H. Wheel-
er, who has been president of the
American National bank since the
establishment of the institution, sev-
ered connection with the bank and
sold a major portion of his stock to
Frank P. Johnson, formerly cashier,
who becomes president. Daniel W.
Hogan succeeds Mr. Johnson as
cashier. This is one of the first banks
established in Oklahoma.
Shot His Wife And Child. — A
young farmer by the name of Snyder
living eight miles east of Noble, shot
his wife, baby and then took his own
life. They had, been separated and
jealously is supposed to have prompt-
ed the deed.
Bit by a Rattlesnake — Willie
Thomas, the son of a Woodward coun-
ty farmer, died from the effects of a
rattlesnake bite, after nearly a week's
illness. While hauling broom corn he
was bitten by a snake which was un-
der the load. He thought that it was
only a wasp sting at the time, and
paid no attention to it until some
hours later.
Are After the Witnesses. — Chris
Madsen, chief deputy in the United
States marshal's office, left for Leav-
enworth, Kan., to bring back Philip
M. Kehl and Joseph O. Rowader, mili-
tary prisoners In the prison at Fort
Leavenworth, who will be used as
witnesses against James R. RadclilT
and C. J. Goody, charged with lar-
ceny of government property at Fort
Sill. Kehl and Ro\*ader were soldiers
at Fort Sill, while Rhicliff and Goody
were civilians.
Committed to Jail. — After being
givin a preliminary hearing before
United States Commissioner Hoyt
MacAlford, at Muskogee. Bud Roerts
and D. King, charged with the mur-
der of Cicero Davis near Warner sev-
eral days ago, were committed to
jail.
Rendered Verdict of Manslaughter.
—A verdict of manslaughter in the
first degree was rendered by the jury
in the trial of A. N. Byers. of Gotebo,
for the murder of his wife. The de-
fendant gave notice of appeal and
was again released upon continuance
of his bond of $9,000.
Fletcher Was Pardoned. — Jaraei
Fletcher, convicted in Greer county
lasl year on a cattle stealing charge,
has been pardoned by Gov. Frantz,
and has returned to his home. There j
were three reasons given for the par- ,
don' It developed that he owned the
cattle which he was convicted of
stealing: he was convicted on perjur-
ed testimony; the trial judge recom-
mended the pardon.
Preparing to Open Purity Farm. —
Work has begun looking toward the
establishment of the Carry Nation ,
Purity farm near Guthrie. Rev. Char- j
les A. Mitchell has moved his family
from Springfield. Mo., preparatory to
taking charge of the farm. School
buildings are to he constructed at |
once. Agricultural and industrial
pursuits will be -taught preparing
orphan and dependent thildren for
the duties of life.
New Maps Are Received.—It Is re-
ported that copies <Tf the official map
of/the new state of Oklahoma issued
by the general land office have been
received at Guthrie. In addition to
the map of the stnte, detail maps of
the cities of Guthrie, Lawton, Musko-
gee and McAlester are given, leaving
out Oklahoma City. Shawnee, Enid.
Tulsa, Ardmore and other Oklahoma
towns which have metropolitan aspira-
tions.
His Body Was ldent;fied. — The
coroner's jury in the case of Archie
Ellis, the young negro whose body
was found in the Cottonwood river at
Guthrie, decided that there was no
evidence of violence and that Ellis ap-
parently came to his death by acci-
dental drowning. Ellis had been ar-
rested the night before for disorderly
conduct, but. broke away from the offi-
cer and when pursued jumped into the
Cottonwood river.
Found Two Skeletons. — In exca-
vating for the race course at the fair
grounds at Hyde park, Muskogee,
two human skeletons were unearthed.
The depth at which they were found
gives evidence of a hasty burial and
eall- to mind the story of a gambler
who is said to have lived near that
spot many years ago, and of his sud-
den disappearance. According to the
story, he operated at Fort Gibson and
had his home at a lonely place on the
river inaccessible except by boat.
Charter For Oklahoma Road. —
Secretary Charles Filson has granted
a territorial charter to the Canadian
River Railroad Company, with $5,-
500,000 capital stock, with headquart-
ers at Woodward. The proposed line
will start at Woodward and will run
southeast through the counties of
Woodward, Dewey and Blaine to Wa-
tonga there diverging, one line going
east through Blaine, Kingfisher and
Logan counties to Cuthrle, and the
other through Tilaine, Kingfisher
Canadian and Oklahoma counties to
Oklahoma City. The total length of
the line is 220 miles.
Is Remanded to Jail.—In the Uni-
ted States commissioner's court at
Ardmore. Cal Stewart, a prominent
cattle man charged with the killing
of his brother. Ben, was remanded to
jail without bond by Commissioner
Robnett. The evidence submitted
was principally circumstantial. The
Stewarts were returning home from
Marietta in a buggy last month when
Ben was shot and killed in a mys-
terious manner. The motive for the
crime Is not known. Both were out
on bond charged with the recent kill-
ing of Dr. Graham, a well-knowD
physician of Holden.
Lightning Plays Havoc. — The resi-
dence of Capt. Jacob Amberg. of
Chandler, one of the pioneers of Lin-
coln county, escaped complete de-
struction by lightning only by reason
of the fact that the same bolt which
set the house on fire cracked a water-
pipe and flooded the place. As it
was, considerable damage was done.
During the same storm lightning
struck the depot at Stroud, setting It
on fire, burning out two telegraph
Instruments and destroying some
valuable papers.
TWmmm
The engine has a curious pointed boiler, to offer less resistance to the a r.
The driving-wheels are nearly seven feet in diameter.
CANADIAN BEAVER FARM.
PREACHER HAS THRIVING COL-
ONY IN DOMINION.
Animals Are Very Industrious and
Have No Use for Lazy Members
of the Flock—Pelts Bring
Good Prices.
IJuxbow, Rask.—On the farm of
Rev. W. E. ChrlBmas, a few miles
from tills town, exists one of the few
beaver farms of Canada. Within the
limit of the farm are five large dams,
peopled by some 200 beavers. The
nanks of the Souris river, which runs
through the farm, are fringed with
poplar trees, supplying the beavers
with the best of building material,
and also with daily bread.
According to a law passed in 1896
it is illegal to kill beavers until the
fall of 1908, consequently this col-
ony is waxing strong and multiplying
rapidly. Having been protected from
the trappers for the past ten years,
the beavers are becoming very lame,
and do not seem to mind a casual
onlooker, although they do most of
their work by moonlight.
One night these beavers cut down
52 trees, according to Rev. Mr. Chris-
mas, who takes a great deal of inter-
est in his little tenants, and watches
carefully to see that no harm comes
to them. These beavers are very in-
dustrious and have no use for one
of their number who refuses to do his
share of the work. When such a mem-
ber of the flock is noticed the others
:! rive him away to live In solitude
as a bachelor."
It takes the heavers only a short
time to fell a large sized tree, and
they are able to throw it in any direc-
tion. When once felled the tree Is
quickly cut up into lengths for
House, dams, or food, as may be re-
quired. The house of the beaver is
buiN on the bank of the river, with
its entrance under water. Once hav-
ing built the entrance the rest of
he bouse is started, the whole col-
ony working at the house until It
Is finished, and when it is completed
it Is warm, dry and cozy.
A beaver family usually consists of
four or five, and comes into the world
with its eyes wide open. The young
ones live with their parents for two
years, and then they are ready to
shift for themselves. The full grown
beaver measures about two feet in
length, with a tail some ten inches
long, which he can use as a spade or
trowel, as well as a paddle. Tim
average age is 15 years, although
some have been known to live to ba
20. When the animal is nine years
of age its pelt is at its prime, and will
; fetch from $10 to $12 in Minneapolis.
REWARD FOR KIND NIECE.
Gets Nearly a Million by Will, but
Does Not Want Notoriety.
Toledo, O.—Because of her kindness
i to him when Ills other relatives had
forsaken him, S. ('. Navarre left Mrs.
I. C. Rhoades, Ills niece, $972,000. Mrs.
Uhoades Inherited the money nearly
| three months ago, but, shunning no-
I toriety, she kept her great fortune a
profound secret and pursued the evea
tenor of her way. When interviewed
: she was busily engaged running a
, typewriter for her former employer,
who was In need of her work during
; the vacation season.
| Mr. Navarre left the city home ha
had in Monroe many years ago and
; took up a life of a hermit. He took
j claims on fine hunting and fishing
I grounds and leased them to wealthy
sportsmen. On their tips he mads
[ profitable investments and when ha
died three months ago he had accum-
ulated stocks and bonds worth nearly
$1,000,000.
Mrs. Rhoades was a stenographer
till she was married a few months
ago. She is only a little over 20 years
old, very reticent about her wealth.
She refused to furnish her photograph
and begged that no publication bo
made of the news of her good fortune.
Williams, In his annual report, recom-
mends that articles needed for the
proper care of the face shall be add-
ed to the list that may be purchased
from the army storehouses.
Among the articles mentioned are
llsterlne, talcum powder, witch hazel,
razors, shaving brushes and cups. Ho
thinks also that soldiers should have
the privilege of buying thread and
needles at cost.
WANTS MORE PAY FOR ARMY.
Washington.—Conditions existing at
tliis time call for an increase in "the
pay of the officers of the army, says
Brig. Gen. Constant Williams, com-
manding the department of the Colo-
rado, in his annual report,
He asesrts that the increased cost
of living since 1872, when the pres-
ent rate of pay was fixed; the fre-
quent changes of stations, sending of-
ficers to Alaska and island posses-
sions, necessitating the keeping of
two separate establishments in many
cases, work a hardship especially on
line officers.
Years ago changes of station were
Infrequent, and officers had opportu-
nity to save. Gen. Williams says that
now the changes come so often and
with such little warning, that debts
are caused which might otherwise be
avoided by the careful officer.
He renews his recommendation of
last year that officers' quarters be
heated and lighted without expense to
occupants, as are other public build-
ings.
Ilurbers' supplies may soon be fur-
nished to soldiers at cost by the
government. Brig. Gen. Constant
Big Turtle in Mail Bag.
Mlddletown, N. Y.—A large snapping
turtle arrived in a mail bag in the
post office here. A large number ot
mail bags had been emptied. When
the clerk reached for a bundle a head
popped out and snapped at Ills hand.
The clerk was badly frightened. Kick-
ing away the pile of mall, he uncov-
ered the turtle. It weighed about 15
pounds and was very ferocious, snap-
ping at everything in sight. It had the
run of the post office for a few min-
utes until a negro porter turned it on
its back ind got a rope around it.
There was nothing to Indicate where It
had come from and the clerk did not
know which bag It had been in.
.-VSCOSCOSCCOSCCOOQOSOOOgQO&SOSCOOSCOOSCOCOOOQOOeOQiSOOa
Americans Lead in Savings.
Washington.—Nowhero 'p the world
are bank deposits increasing at a
greater ratio than in the United States.
The French, justly famed for their
economy and saving proclivities, are
easily outclassed by the Americans,
reputed spendthrifts and the most ex-
travagant people on earth. Official
figures just at hand show that in
France from 1885 to 1905 bank depos-
its increased from $182,000,000 to $579,-
000,000, or 218 per cent. In the United
States during the same years the de-
posits increased from $1,248,000,000 to
$4,735,000,000, or 271 per cent. This
great increase is properly cnargeable
to the prosperity enjoyed iu the
United States rather than to a healthy
growth of the habit of economy.
The famous Brooklyn bridge was
begun In 1867, and not finished la
nearly 17 years. Us total cost wa
about $13,000,000.
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Peters, S. H. Garber Sentinel. (Garber, Okla.), Vol. 7, No. 51, Ed. 1 Thursday, October 11, 1906, newspaper, October 11, 1906; Garber, Oklahoma Territory. (https://gateway.okhistory.org/ark:/67531/metadc143917/m1/3/: accessed April 26, 2024), The Gateway to Oklahoma History, https://gateway.okhistory.org; crediting Oklahoma Historical Society.