The Talihina Tribune (Talihina, Okla.), Vol. 14, No. 19, Ed. 1 Friday, August 18, 1916 Page: 3 of 8
This newspaper is part of the collection entitled: Oklahoma Digital Newspaper Program and was provided to The Gateway to Oklahoma History by the Oklahoma Historical Society.
- Highlighting
- Highlighting On/Off
- Color:
- Adjust Image
- Rotate Left
- Rotate Right
- Brightness, Contrast, etc. (Experimental)
- Cropping Tool
- Download Sizes
- Preview all sizes/dimensions or...
- Download Thumbnail
- Download Small
- Download Medium
- Download Large
- High Resolution Files
- IIIF Image JSON
- IIIF Image URL
- Accessibility
- View Extracted Text
Extracted Text
The following text was automatically extracted from the image on this page using optical character recognition software:
^ LIVE #
STOCK
NEED FOR STUDY OF EFFICIENCY
OF FEED STUFFS
American methods of feeding cattle
and other live stock have never in-
volved a very close study of the econ-
omics of the national feed situation
Heretofore feeds, labor, etc., have
keen very abundant and have been
available at such low prices tnat close
calculation in their use has been un-
necessary. But competition has now
arisen to such an extent, and the
prices of raw materials in comparison
with sale values of the finished pro-
duct have become bo high, as to make
cattle feeding in a great many cases
unprofitable. During past years the
tendency in this country has been for
a few feeders to produce the entirety
of our beef supply. In European coun
tries this situation, to a large extent,
Ib reversed, each farmer feeding u
small number of cattle. This differ-
ence may be accounted for in three
ways: First, cattle feeding in Europe
has been practiced for more than 200
years. Second, farmers In general in
those sections seem to have a great-
er knowledge of the nutritive valuu
ot feeds, as well as greater ability in
the practical use of them. Third, the
dense population in European coun
tries has necessitated the use of very
Intensive methods along all lines of
production. European fanners as n
whole show greater knowledge of the
scientific phases of the different feed
lug operating than American farmers.
At the present time European feeders
ere using a gerat deal of cotton seed
meat and it Is a fact that they know
more about its feeding value than the
average American farmer. Putting the
matter tersely, one of the greatest
needs of the American fanner today
is education in the use of both com-
mercial and farm grown feeds.
In purchasing feeding materials, Eu-
ropean farmers consider the cost of
the feed per pound of nutrients. Few
American farmers have a definite
Idea of the different nutrients which
compose the feed stuffs or their uses
With the state feed control offices and
with laws regulating the ndulteration
of feeds, American farmers have ex-
cellent facilities for protection in the
purchase of feeding materials, but few
farmers avail themselves of the op-
portunities offered in this way. Such
protection is valuable only when the
farmer has some idea of the nutritive
value of feeds, and having this know-
ledge, makes use of it in the purchase
of supplies.
If some simple method of calculat-
ing the comparative feeding values of
various feeds could be devised, so as
tc show numerically the food value of
each feed, and if such food value,
along with the percentage of digesti-
ble protein, were printed on each tag
attached to a feed bag, the farmers
would undoubtedly soon learn the rel
ative values of the various common
feeds. Such a system would tend to-
i aid a more economical use of feeds
Root Crops
No good English or Scotch feeder
would think of keeping a breeding
herd without mangels, beets, turnips
or some oilier such feed. The use of
root crops In the feeding of caltle in-
volves somewhat more labor than if
they nre fed other materia), but at
the same time whore such crops have
been used feeders have found it prof
itable. The growing and feeding of
root crops is to be advised only In
spcciic cases in this country, as the
high cost of labor sometimes prohlb
Its the economical production of such
crops. Where laboi is relatively cheaj
and intensive methods are practiced
root may be produced and fed to ad
yantage.
Root crops are especially valuable
for fending young stock and breeding
cattle and entile which are being fil
ted for show purposes. As they atv
very succulent and palatable, they are
excellent feed for rows which ar<"
suckling calves. As long as large
furms exist and labor is expensive it
is doubtful if root crops can be rais
~d and harvested more cheaply.
Protein for Cattle Feeding
The cheapest source of protein
today for cattle feeding is the by-pro
ducts of our oil bearing seeds. All the
feeds necessary for the feedint of live
stock can hardly be grown on the
farm. Even under intensive European
methods European farmers find it nec
issary to purchase a certain portion
of their concentrated fredB. Of course
if the entirety of the material which
Is needed for feeding purposes can
be grown oil the farm it is essential
that this course be followed. With the
existing farm conditions cattle feed
ing alone will not keep up soil fertil
It.v if this upkeep depends upon the
feeds which are grown upon the farm
entirely. Some of the plant food is
bound to be marketed in the form o{
heef, milk, or other live stock pro
ducts. Besides this other losses of
I'laBt food continually occur. On most
'arms the purchase of additional high
protein concentrates from a perman
^nt soil fertility standpoint is essen
tial. Such procedure, if carried on
continually, and if a sufficient num
ber of cattle are fed, should result in
a sufficiently fertile soil without the
use of other nitrogenous fertilizers.
The use of lime, phosphates, and pot-
ash, however, where needed, should
not be discontinued even though a
large number of cattle are kept.
PRACTICAL DEMONSTRATION
How a teacher of sixty pupils in a
one room school house, located in the
forests of North Carolina, succeeded
in getting her pupils Interested in
practical agriculture with a pig and
Ifss than aa acre of uncultivated land,
is told in a report of one of the field
workers of the department.
A farm paper offereu a pure bred
pig as a prize for securing a certain
number of subscriptions. This ener-
getic school teacher set out among
the parents of her pupils and succeed-
ed in selling enoygh subscription to
win the pig. When the pig arrived the
pen was already built by the school
children on the Bchool grounds for
i's reception. The parents were invit-
ed and talks on pig raising were made.
The rest of the day was spent in driv-
ing around to some of the best pi#
farms in the county, where various
kinds of live stock were scored and
discussed.
The pupils learned that a pig could
not thrive entirely on scraps from
Innches and occasional ears of corn.
An interested member of tho school
committee offered the use of his team
and implements, and the pupils start-
ed to work clearing the forest land to
UBe as a forage pasture. They then
planted crops of rye, wheat, rape, and
grass to afford the pig grazing spots
of green forage. A cold frame was
also put in, and cabbage plants were
grown for sale, the money thus realiz
•?d being turned over to buy whatevei
additional feed vas needed to koep
the pig.
As a result of the Interest aroused,
tax payers and members of tho .'.chool
hoard have given their support to the
establishment of a small demonstra-
t'on farm. More land Is to be purchas-
ed, and the county agent is to visit
the school each week. Since the pig
was brought into the school, less than
a year ago, the membership of the
county pig club has more than trebled.
Turning of Surplus Cockerels into
Profit
Unless wanted for breeders or ca-
pons, cockerels from this spring'!
hatches should not be kept longer
than absolutely necessary after begin
uing to annoy the pullets. In the light-
er breeds this stage of development
shows as early as the elgth or tenth
.veek. The heavier breeds are some-
what -slower in developing, if not in
marketable condition at this time tho
cockerels should at least be separated
from the pullets and then fattened in
two or three weeks by heavy feeding.
Fattening these birds in close con-
finement generally means the quickest
and cheapest gains, but this practice
is more than some birds can stand;
unless vigorous and healthy their di-
gestion may be overtaxed. Such bird1*
might as well be turned uut until they
recover from this condition. Chickens
raised on a range will stand up un-
der this fattening process while con-
fined much better than others, be-
cr.use they are in better condition
physically. But in any case ten to
twenty days is about the limit during
which they will do well and put on
profitable gains.
If the protein part of the ration is
given in either buttermilk or skuu
milk, rather than meat foods, they
will be much less likely to suffer di-
gestive disorders. Feediug green food,
such as lettuce, sprouted grains, cab-
bages, etc., also has a beneficial ef-
fect.
The object should be to Induce the
birds to eat as much as possible of
the ration used. A good fattening
mixture may be made of cornmeal,
wheat middlings and ground oats in
equal parts with enough skim milk or
buttermilk added to make a sloppy
mash. It is best not to let them have
whole grains during this time, but
they should have grit and charcoal,
green food and Bour milk and water
to drink. Such rations are intended
only for fattening slock and the mis-
take should not be made, as often is
done, of feeding them in smaller quan-
tities to the birds that are to be kept
to maturity.
Whatever disposition may be made
of these surplus cockerels we wish to
recommend the caponizlng of at least
two or three, for experimental pur-
poses, if for no other reason. Ttia
operation is simple and, when propoi-
ly done, the fowls not only are very
easily kept, but they are easy to feed.
They will reach marketable condition
at a lime when only old meat towls
will be on the market. The heavier
breeds, such as Plymouth Rocks,
hode Island Reds and Wyandottes,
make the best capons. The smaller
breeds, such as leghoorns, should not
be caponized except in special cases.
Breakage of Jars in Canning
When breakage of jars occurs it Is
due to such cases as— ^
1. Overpacking jars. Corn, pumpkin,
peas, linn beans and sweet potatoes
swell or expand ill processing. 1)0 not
fill the jars quite full of these pro-
ducts.
2. Placing cold Jars In hot water, or
vice versa. As soon as the jars aro
filled with hot sirup or hot water,
place immediately in the canner.
3. If top cracks during sterilization
the wire lull) was too tight.
4. In steam canner, having too much
water in the canner. Water Bhould
not come above the platform.
6. Allowing cold draft to ttrike the
jars when they are removed from the
canner.
6. Having wire bail too tight, thus
breaking the jars or glass tops when
lever Is forced down. -Office of Ex-
tension Work, North and West, States
Relations Service.
It is no rare occurrence for a condor
tc soar to a height of four miles.
GRAZING THE WOODl OT
Practice Not Always Profitable Be-
cause it Interferes With Timber
Production
Farming, grazing and forestry are
the three principal uses of land for
crop production. Farming is the most
Inti nslve, and forestry Is the least,
with grazing midway between. In most
systems of diversified farming they
me mixed, particularly cultivation
and grazing. Where It Is possible,
grazing and limber growing are re-
stricted to the parts of the farm not
Buitahle for cultivation: but grazing
In most farming systems is permitted
on cultivated land to Improve Its fer-
tility, and both grazing and timber
growing are practiced on arable land
where no rough land occurs on the
farm or in the community.
In a cattle raising district and
where dairying is practiced, pastures
are in demand either for home use or
to rent. If the woodlot has grass, or
can be made to producc grass and
forage, grazing will generally be
crowded Into It. The question is
whether grazing damages the woodlot
and whether, if it does, there may not
be certain advantages which outweigh
the damage done.
Two advantages are claimed to re-
sult from grazing In forest areas—fa-
vorable germinating conditions in the
foil cover and protection from fire.
Where there are extensive forests
with heavy grass and weeds, or the
t.mber tracts are interspersed with
range areas, there is a possibility of
Bome fire protection from grazing
through the reduction of the crop of
inflammable forage. In small isolated
voodlots surrounded by cultivated
fields, this does not apply. Where
voodlots form continuous strips along
ridges, grazing might occasionally af-
ford some fire protection, but practi-
cally its value is negligible.
As to the beneficial effect on seed-
lied conditions, there is a wide differ-
ence of opinion. Where there is a
heavy leaf litter or grass sod, inter-
mittent grazing may serve to break
the cover and let the seed reach min-
eral soil. In some cases there is the
further advantage that young seed-
lings are benefited by having the
f.hade of a heavy forage cover reduc-
ed. Under favorable conditions, good
may result from adjusting the graz-
i'.g to the requirements of the trees
for vigorous growth. The difficulty
lies in the practical application of in
terrupted grazing. The use of the
woodlot for grazing purposes is apt to
be continuous when once begun, pat
ticularly if it is found to be profita-
ble; and all the good done at first U
offset by later damage.
The damage done by grazing falls
Into two main classes, browsing and
trampling. In browsing, the foliage,
bark, and stems aro damaged and des-
troyed, many of the young seedlings
nre uprooted and killed outright, and
others are so damaged that they die
or make defective trees. Trampling
packs the ground so that reproduc
tion starts with difficulty, and it kills
seedlings, and damages mature trees
by laying bare the roots and packing
the ground around them. The amount
of damage, of course, depends on the
Intensity of the grazing. Light grazing
will not do great damage except ur.
uer very unfavorable conditions or
when the trees are young.
Whether it is profitable to put
stock Into the woodlot depends upon
other considerations besides the pro
duction of timber. The woodiot al
ways affordB some feed and room for
the stock to range around, protection
from the storms of winter, and shade
through the summer heat. The value
of the feed is appreciable; in parts of
Pennsylvania, Connecticut, and Ver-
mont, it ranges from ten to twenty
five cents per acre through a five
months grazing period, and ill the cen-
tral part of Indiana reaches over one
dollar per acre. This is due to the fact
that in the latter locality the woodlot
Is usually open and handled to promote
the growth of forage, many of the
woodlots being really shade pastures
and not timber producing woodlots.
Timber returns from the woodlot,
however, range from fifty cents to
one dollar and a half per acre, and
where there is a steady market for the
burplus above the farm needB the re
turns from timber production in the
woodlot should exceed those yielded
oy grazing. With a fully stocked stand
ot timber there is little forage of val-
ue produced. It is only under unfavor-
rble conditions of location or stocking
of the woodlot that good forage is
yielded and grazing becomes of value.
In conclusion It may be laid down
that if the welfare of the woodlot
jilone is desired, grazing has no place
in it. Light grazing may be permitted
If other considerations make it nec-
essary, but it is better to keep stock
out if possible or practical. From tho
standpoint of stock raising or dairy-
ing it may become desirable fo do
some grazing in th« timber areas on
the farm or to use their protection. If
protection only is wanted, a small part
of the woodlot can be fenced off for
the purpose. In any event if the wood
lot is to have a permanent place on
the farm the grazing should" be a^
iight as possible and adjusted to the
needs of the timber.
The blueness of the sky is due to
small particles of dust in the atmos
there.
DEWBERRY PLANTATIONS
Cro-.vn Over a Wide Area—Hints on
Cultural Methods—Fifteen Year
Old Plantations in N. C.
Tin- Dewberry has proved profits
hie In many sections because it rip-
ens somewhat earlier than the true
blackberry, which it resembles great-
ly In some respects. Sometimes the
dewberry is called the trailing black-
berry, because its canes trail on the
ground while those of the blackberry
are upright, he clusters of the dew-
berry also are small and open In com-
parison with those of tho blackberry.
At the present time the dewberry is
grown most extensively In North Car-
olina and New Jersey, but thorn are
also plantations in Maryland, Texas,
Missouri, Michigan, Colorado, and
other slates. The Lucretia, the mosl
popular variety, is not very hardy,
End hitherto its culture has neen con-
fined to rather mild climates. Any fer-
tile soil provided with good drainage
and with a good supply uf humus to
retain moisture is suitable for grow-
ing dewberries. Many of the large
fields of North Carolina are jn coarse
sand, and in other sections clay loams
i re used for this purpose. The fruit,
however, should not be set on wet
soil. Under such conditions root rot
has been found to kill the plants. On
the other hand a sufficient supply of
moisture Ib essential for the develop-
ment and ripening of the berries.
Dewberry plants are usually set
during the winter and early spring in
the south and in early spring In the
north. As they occupy the soil for
several years the laud should be well
prepared beforehand. The uso of cov-
er crops to add humus to Hie soil Is
frequently a desirable preliminary,
and much better results aro usually
secured it the land is planted to culti-
vated crops for two yean before set
ting out the plantation. This will re-
sult in a better growth of the plants
the first year, and the plantation will
yield a crop much sooner than If no
such preparation is made.
Two systems of planting are follow-
ed—the hill system and the solid
row system. With the former the
plants are set five feet distant each
way; with the latter three feei apart
in rows which are four to six feet
upart. Cultivation is begun as soon as
the plants are in the ground and con
tinued until the growth of the canes
trailing along the ground interferes
with the work. The following spring
just before the buds start, the canes
should be trained. There aie a number
of different ways of doing this, de-
tails of which are discussed in farm
era' bulletin 728, a new publication of
the department on this subjcct. In
some cases, where the hill system is
used, slakes are set by each plant
and the canes wound in a spiral
around them. With the solid row syf
tem of culture, posts are sometime,
set between every two plants and in
other places a wire trellis is used.
In the .south where the growing sea
son is long, all the can-is, both old
and new, are usually cut off after the
fruit has been picked. In northern re-
gions the season is too shori to secure
a large amount of new growth, and in
consequence the old canes only art-
removed. The former method has tin
advantage of minimizing danger from
the diseases which affect the dew
berry. Of these the two most seriou.
are anthracnose and double blossom.
In the states where it is u }t possible
to remove the canes after harvesting
the crop, the disease is controlled by
removing In the spring all buds and
canes which show infection
Prospective dewberry raider* usual
Iv obtain their plants from nurseries.
Those, however, who already have a
plantation can raise their owu plants
by covering the lips ot the young
canes with*a few inches of soil late
in the summer or early in the autumn
These lips will root freely and the
new plants will be ready to dig late
mat fall or early the next spring. The
duration of a plantation will depend
largely upon the attention it receives
and the system of pruning adopted,
n North Carolina plantations fifteen
years old are still productive.
Study the Horse's Individuality
It must be admitted that except on
the large farm the work horses are
hard animals to feed properly on ac
count of the Irregularity of their
work. During certain seasons of the
year their strength is taxed to the ut-
most, while at other times work of a
medium nature is demanded, and still
other times the horses have little or
nothing to do. These different changes
create different demands on the part
o' the horses if their health and en
durance are to be maintained at all
times.
That the size of the ration for each
Individual animal Is dependent some
what upon the amount of work the
animal must perform, goes without
saying. It is a verv poor policy to
fix upon a standard ration which Is
to be fed to all the horses at all times
whether idle or engaged at light or
h'svv work, for undoubtedly when the
animals are called upon to do heavy
or continuous labor they should be fed
accordingly, and when their work is
light or when they are idle for even
a few days the grain part of the ra
tion should be decreased. However
it requires a considerable degree of
Intelligence and skill to feed a team
for best results in work and at the
same time keep the animals in condi
tion throughout the season. It should
he noted that there Is considerable
d-'als. so that some
times one horse in each team should
In fed one ration and his mate anoth
BABY NURSES FROM GOAT
AND THRIVES ON DIET
Infant's Meals Are Served in Natural
Way and "Susan' Seems proud
of Her Job
Rahwah, N. J.—Ida Lockwood, 3
months old, whose mother died a few
weeks ago, owes her life to a pet goat.
The baby was brought here from New
York Immediately after the mother's
death and placed in charge of the
aunt. The aunt procured a goat and
taught the Infant to nurse from the
goat in the natural way.
The child at that time weighed on-
ly five pounds and showed Indica-
tions of tubercular tendencies. Today,
after nearly three months, the child
weighs 12 1-2 pounds, and Ib pronounc-
ed exceptionally bright and active.
In the morning Susan, as the goat
is now called, walks into the kitchen
and wait* until the baby Is brought
out to "breakfast." If the baby cries,
during the day, the goat hurries to
the house to give "first aid."
„ ...... iic wuuiu nave to sit up if ha
wanted his head rubbed. In ten min-
utes Benjamin had learned the trick
and purreO contentedly during the
massage.
Benjamin Is reputed to he n full-
blooded Dutch rabbit, and the Warners
say they have never found another
marked as he Is or half so smart.
ONE MISHAP CANCELS OTHER
First Fall Shortens One Leg, Second
Equalizes Them
Des Moines, Iowa—Fifteen years
ago Frank Cervatl fell and broke his
ieft leg. When the bones mended the
'eg was two Inches shorter I ban the
ether. About ten weeks ago he again
slipped and fell, this time breaking
his right leg. When released from the
Iowa Industrial Hospital Cervatl was
able to walk again and found that
both his legs were now exactly the
same length.
"It's a better Job than Burgery
could have done," said the hospital
medical men.
RABBIT IS LOCAL WONDER
Family Pet Goes Through Many Re-
markable Tricks
Seattle, Wash.—Benjamin Bunny is
Seattle's smartest ral«lilt He Is largo
In size, maltese and white in color and
10 intelligent that his mistress. Miss
Alice Warner, challenges the world to
produce his equal.
Miss Warner is at present a student
at Carleton College, Norlhfleld, Minn.,
but during her absence the members
of her family have not neglected Ben-
jamin s education, so that his present
repertoire of tricks is, for a rabbit,
somewhat extensive.
Benjamin can and will do the follow-
ing astonishing things:
Play hide and seek with the children
apparently laughing heartily at the
frolic.
W hen told it is "bedtime for bun-
nies" he runs across the lawn and flat-
tens himself on the grass.
When told to dig a hole he will go
to work instanter and quits only at a
.-■tern command. If not told to dig a
hole, he digs twice a day, anyway, be-
ing methodical in his pleasures.
When left alone never leaves limits
indicated by some member of the tarn-
ily.
Is a boon companion of a cat named
Kelly (no, the cat won't eat the rabbit
because a rabbit has a kick In his hind
legs like a mule), and now the War-
ners are trying to teach the cat to pat
the rabbit.
Benjamin's favorite dainties are
raspberry jam and raisins. His diet in-
cludes carrots—but he does not think
much of them—white crackers and a
potato a day. He must have the pota-
to to be happy.
Benjamin was brought to the War-
ner home four years ago on Valentine
Day. The day after he arrived Mr.
Warner commenced teaching him. tell-
"NOBODY LOVES A FAT MAN7"
Huge Virginian Says Old Saying Is
False One
Clarksburg, W. Va.—R. Westerman,
who weighs 452 pounds and claims to
be the heaviest man in the rlate, re-
cently married Miss Irma Cnvin, who
tips the spates at 119 pounds. The
couple will live on Westeruian's farm
near here.
The romance started In a hospital
where Westerman was a patient. Mlsa
Cavln was a nurse. Mrs. Westerman
says there is absolutely no truth in
the old saying that "nobody loves a
fat man."
CHICKEN COMES HOME TO ROOST
No, Not a Barred Rock; Simply •
Common "Clocker.'
Olds, Alberta—A family near here
sold a number of hens to a neighbor
who lives some little distance away.
In the pack was a "clocker," which
was marked before being sent away.
Ui the evening of the following day
tney heard a clucking la the hen
house. Investigating they found the
•clocker" In #her old nest. She had
come back across country, a distance
of three or four miles. One on the "In-
telligence of the Barred Rocks."
Jaybird Robs Malt Box
Annlston, Ala.—Annlston federal of-
ficers are wondering if they must be-
gin a search for a jaybird guilty of
robbing the mails.
A postman placed a letter In the
box of Dave Young, Twenty-first and
Mobile streets, and then long came a
jaybird and took it out. If the Jay
bird can be Identified, the case may
come before the next session of the
federal grand jury.
Submarines for naval purposes were
first developed by France.
$50 in Prizes
POPULAR STORY CONTEST
An opportunity for subscribers of
this paper to try their literary
talent and gain a reputation.
MANY magazine writers are secured from the
rural communities. We want our subscrib-
ers to have every advantage to utilize their talent,
and have joined with from 75 to 100 other pub-
lishers in a great story contest.
Do you think you can write a story ?
Suppose you try, anyhow. For the best story
received, to be decided by vote, we will pay
Three Cash Prizes!
First Choice, $25
Third,
Second, $ I 5
10.00
This is an ideal method for amateur authors to secure recog-
nition. Stories of love, adventure, descriptive, etc. will be
printed in as early edition as possible, if accepted, in rotation as
received. If return of manuscript is desired, in the event of not
being acceptable, first-class postage must be enclosed.
Stories may run from 2,000 to 15,000 words.
Decision will be made by popular vote of the
subscribers of the various papers.
Manuscript must be legibly written and on one
side of the paper only.
Send manuscript direct to editor of this paper.
Upcoming Pages
Here’s what’s next.
Search Inside
This issue can be searched. Note: Results may vary based on the legibility of text within the document.
Matching Search Results
View eight places within this issue that match your search.Tools / Downloads
Get a copy of this page or view the extracted text.
Citing and Sharing
Basic information for referencing this web page. We also provide extended guidance on usage rights, references, copying or embedding.
Reference the current page of this Newspaper.
Springer, M. E. The Talihina Tribune (Talihina, Okla.), Vol. 14, No. 19, Ed. 1 Friday, August 18, 1916, newspaper, August 18, 1916; (https://gateway.okhistory.org/ark:/67531/metadc132684/m1/3/?q=%22~1%22~1: accessed August 15, 2024), The Gateway to Oklahoma History, https://gateway.okhistory.org; crediting Oklahoma Historical Society.