The Oklahoma Leader. (Guthrie, Okla.), Vol. 5, No. 42, Ed. 1 Thursday, December 9, 1897 Page: 4 of 8
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THE LKADJCli, UUTUK1E. OKLAHOMA,
M'KINLEY ON THE QUES-
TIONS OF THE DAY.
CORRENCY REFORM-CUBA.
Prompt LagUlatlon to Corrcnt Financial
i'ouiplication* |)r|ml — Urembacki
ami Qald—Oa|*'i Plan® Com*
uivuiled — Urant'N Cuban
Declaration yootad —
Auuexatlon—Indians.
Washington. Dee. 7.—Following is
the President's message to Congress:
To the Senate and HouMe of Kepresenta-
lives: It fives me pleasure to extend greet-
ing to the Fifty-fifth Cougress aasembled In
r egular salon at the aeat of government,
with many of wh« e Senators and KeprcHrn-
tativeN I have been associated In the leglH-
latlve service. Their meeting occur* under
telicttlouN .(inditloDH, justifying sincere
"ongratulatlon and calling for our grateful
%cknowledgement to a beneficent Provl-
tence which has .> signally blessed and
prospered us as a nation.
Peace and good will with all the nations
f the earth remain unbroken.
A matter of genuine satisfaction is the
growing feeling of fraternal retrard and uni-
fication of all section* of our country, the
incompletencsx of which hat too long de-
layed realisation of th highest blessings
•if the Union. The Kplilt of patriotism is
universal and Is ev«-1 increasing in fervor.
1'he public questions which now most en-
gross us are lifted far above either partisan-
ship. pre judice or forraerscctlonal defferen-
;es. They affect every part of our common
country alike aud permit of no division on
ancient lines. Questions ot foreign policy,
af revenue, tin* soundness of the currency,
the inviolability of national obligations,
the Improvement of the public service, ap-
peal to the individual conscience of every
ar nest citizen to whatever party he be
longs or In whatever section of thi country
he may reside.
The extra session of this Congress which
-losed during July, last, enacted Important
legislation, and, while its full effect has not
yet been realised, what It Mas already ac-
complished assures us of Its timeliness and
wisdom. To test Its permanent value fur-
ther time will be required and the people,
satisfied with Its operations and results
thus far, are in no mind to withhold from
it a fair trial.
Cnrreney Reform Urged.
Tariff legislation having been settled by
the extra session of Congress, the question
next pressing for consideration Is that of
the currency.
The evil of the present system Is found In
the great cost to the government of main-
taining the parity of our dIff-rent forms of
money, that is, keeping all of them at par
with gold. We surely cannot be longer
heedless of the burden this Imposes upon
the people, even tinder fairly prosperous
renditions, while the past lour years have
demonstrated that it Is not only an expen-
sive charge upon the government, but a
dangerous menace to the national credit
It Is manifest that we must devise some
plan to protect the government against
bond Issues for repeated redemption We
must either curtail the opportunity tor
speculation, made easy by the multiplied
redemption of our demand obligations, or
Increase the gold reserve for their redemp-
tion We have tDOQi000.000 of currency
which the government by solemn enact-
ment has undertaken to keep at par with
gold. Nobody 1h obliged to redeem in gold
but the government The banks are not re-
quired to redeem In gold. The govern-
ment In obliged to keep equal with gold
ill its outstanding currency and coin
obligations, while its receipt* are
not required to be paid in gold.
l'hey are paid In every kind of money but
gold, and the only means by which the gov-
ernment can with certainty get gold is bv
borrowing. It can get it In no other way
when It most needs it
ltond Issues.
The government without any Aged gold
•evenue is pledged to maintain gold re-
lemptlon, which it has steadily and faith-
fully done and which, under the authority
■tow given it will continue to do. The law
which requires the government after hav-
ng redeemed Its notes to pay them out
sgain as current funds demands a constant
replenishment of the gold reserve This
s especially so in times of business panic
\nd when the revenues are Insufficient
to meet the expenses of the govern-
ment. At such times the government has
■io other way to supply its deficit and uiaiu-
tain redemption but through the increase
>f its bonded debt, as under the administra-
tion of my predecessor, when 1202,815,400 of
4S per cent bonds were issued aud sold and
the proceeds used to pay the expenses of the
government in excess of the revenues and
iiistain the gold reserve. While It Is true
that the greater part of the proceeds of
these bonus were used to supply deficient
**« venues, a considerable portion was re-
quired to maintain the gold reserve.
With our revenues equal to our expenses,
•here would be no deficit requiring the Is-
suance of bonds. Hut If the gold reserve
lalls below 100 million dollars, how will it
tie replenished except by selling more bonds?
Is there any other way practicable uuder
rxtstlnglaw? The serious <|ues'Ion then is
-.hall we continue the policy that has been
pursued in the past; that Is. when the gold
-eserve reaches the point of danger, Issue
uore bonds and supply the needed gold.
: r shall we provide other means to prevent
hese recurring drains upon the gold rc-
If no further legislation Is had. and the
policy of selling bonds is to t e continued,
ihen Congress should nlve the Secretary of
'he Treasury authority to sell bonds at long
ir short period*, bearing a less rate of in-
terest than is now author Ized by law.
I earnestly recommend as soon as the re-
ceipts of the government are quite sufficient
0 pay all the expenses of the government
hat when any of the United States notes
re presented tor redemption In cold and
ire redeemed In gold, such notes shall be
tept and set apart aud only paid out m cx-
:hange for gold.
This is an obvious duty If the holder of
he United States note prefers the gold and
jets It from the government he should not
receive back from the government a United
States note without paving gold in exchange
'or ItThe reason for this is made all the more
apparent when the government issues an
merest bearing debt to provide gold for
he redemption of United States uotes-a
ion-Interest bearing debt Surely It should
lot pav them out again except on demand
nd for gold. If they are put out In any
>ther way they m*y return again to be lol-
owed by another bond Issue to redeem
hem-another Interest bearing debt to re-
leem a non-Interest bearing debt
In my view it is of the utmost importance
hat the government should be relieved
rom the businessof providing all the gold
'or exchanges and export This responsi-
bility is alone borne by the government
without any of the usual and necessary
•janklng powers to help Itself The banks
lo not feel the strain of the gold redemp-
lon. The whole strain rests upon the gov-
rrnment. and the size of the go d reserve
n the treasury has come to be, with or
without reason, the signa' of danger or of
ecurlty. This ought to be slopped
The secretary of the treasury has out-
•ined a plan In great detail tor the purpose
of removing the threatened recurrence of a
teoieted gold reserve and save us from fu-
ture embarassment on that account To
this plan I invite your careful considera-
tion.
1 concur with the secretary of the treas-
ury in his recommendation that national
bs. ks be allowed to issue notes to the face
value of th«* bonds which they have depos-
ited for circulation, and that the tax on
circulating notes secured by deposit of such
bonds be reduced to one-half of 1 per cent
per annum
I also Join him in recommending that au-
thority be given for the establishment of
national banks with a mimlmum capital of
125,000. This will enable the smaller villages
and agricultural regions of the country to
lie supplied with currency to meet their
needs.
1 recommend that the issue of national
bank notes be restricted to the denomina-
tion of ten dollars and upwards.
wmmrnm \
If the suggestions I have herein made
shall have the approval of Congress then I
would recommend that national banks be
required to redeem their notes In gold.
Tha Conflict In Cnba.
The most Important problem with which
this government is now called upou to deal,
pertaining to It* foreign relations concerns
its duty toward Spain and the Cuban insur-
rection.
The present insurrection broke out in
February, 1895. It is not my purpose at
this time to recall Its remarkable Increase
or to characterise Its tenacious resistance
agalnu the enormous forces massed against
it by Spain The civlll2<*d rode of war has
been disregarded, no less by the Spaniards
than by the Cubans.
The existing conditions cannot but fill this
; over n men t ami the A met i< an people with
the gravest apprehension. Therein node-
sire on the part of our people to profit by
the misfortunes of Spain. We have only
the desire to see the Cubans prosperous and
contented, enjoying that measure of self-
control which is the Inalienable right of
man, protected in their right to reap the
benefit of the exhaustless treasures of their
country.
The offer made by my predecessor In
April, 1890, tendering the frlendlvoffices of
the government failed. Any mediation on
out part was not accepted. In brief, the
answer read: * There In no effectual way to
pacify Cuba unless it begins with the actual
submission of the rebeiN to the mother."
Then only cou id Spain act in the promised
direction of her own motion and after her
iwn plans.
The i ruel policy of concentration was in-
itiated February 10 1890. This policy the
late cabinet of Spain Justified as a neces-
sary measure of war and as a means of cut-
ting off supplies from the insurgents. It has
utterly tailed as a war measure. It was
not civilised warfare. It was extermina-
tion. Against this abuse of the rights of
war 1 have felt constrained on repeated oc-
casions to enter the firm and earnest pro-
test of this government
Fpaln's Recent Promise.
The Instructions given to our new minister
to Spain lie,fore his departure for his
post directed him to impress upon
that government the sincere wish of
the United States to lend its aid toward the
tiding of the war In Cuba by reaching a
peaceful and lasting result. Just and hon-
orable alike to Spain and the Cuban people.
No solution was proposed to which the
lightest Idea ot humiliation to Spain could
attach, and Indeed precise proposals were
withheld to avoid embarrassment to that
government. All that was asked or expect-
ed was that some safe way might be speed-
ily provided and permanent peace
restored. lie t ween the departure
(leneral Woodford, the new
envoy, and his arrival In Spain the
statesman who had s taped the policy of his
country fell by the hand of an assassin, and
although the cabinet of the late premier
till held office and received from our envoy
the proposals he bore, that cabinet gave
place within a few days thereafter to anew
administration under the leadership of Sa-
ga sta
The reply to our note was received on the
!8d day of October It Is In the direction of
, better understanding. It appreciates the
friendly purposes of this government. It
admits that our country Is deeply affected
by Ihe war In Cuba and that Its desires for
peace are Just. It declares that the pres-
ent Spanish government Is bound by every
onslderatlon to a change of po'icy that
should satisfy the United States and pacify
; ui.,i withtn -i '• tsoaable tine To tins
nd Spain has decided to put Into effect
the i toll ileal reforms heretofore advocated
by tlie present premier, without halting lor
any consideration In the path which in its
Judgment leads to peace. The military op-
erations, it is said, will continue, but will be
humane and conducted with all regard for
private rights, being accompanied by pollt-
l. al action leading to the autonomy of Cuba
hlle guarding Spanish sovereignty. This,
It Is claimed, will result In investing Cuba
with a distinct ]iersonallty; the Island to be
governed by an executive and by a local
ouncll or chamber, reserving to Spain the
ontrol of the foreign relations, the army
and navy and the Judicial admlnlstrrtlon.
It suggests that Spain be left free to con-
duct military operations andgraut p5lltlcal
reform*, while the United States for Its part
hall enforce Its neutral obligations and cut
df the assistance which, it Is asserted, the
Insurgents receive from this country. The
upposltlon of an indefinite prolongation of
the war is denied. The immediate amelior-
ation of existing conditions under the new
administration of Cuban affairs Is pre-
dicted. and therewithal the disturbance
and all occasion for any change of attitude
• >ii the part of the United States.
DIscusk'.viii of the question of International
lntles and responsibilities of the United
States, as Spain understands them, Is pre-
sented, vrltn an apparent disposition to
charge us with failure In this regard.
Hpaln's Charges Repudiated.
Tills charge Is without any basis In fact
It could not have been made If Spain had
i cognizant of the constant efforts this
government has made at the cost of mil-
lions by the employment of the adminis-
trative machinery of the nation at com-
mand to perform Its full duty according to
the law of nations. That It has success-
fully prevented the departure of a single
military expedition or armed vessel irom
lur shores In violation of our laws would
>eem to be a sufficient answer. Hut of this
isnect of t he Spanish note It Is not neces-
>ary to speak further now. Firm In the
onvictlinof a wholly performed obliga-
tion. due response to this charge has been
made in diplomatic issues. Throughout all
.e horrors aud dangers to our own peace
this government has never In any way
abrogated i • sovereign prerogative of re-
serving to ielf the determination of its
policy and c urse according to its own high
sense of right and in consonance with the
Jearest Interests and convictions of our own
l>cople should the prolongation of the strife
so demand.
The Question of Recognition,
(if the untried measures there remain
.inly: Recognition of the insurgents as bel-
ligerents; recognition of the independence
f Cuba; neutral intervention to end the
war by imposing a rational compromise be-
tween the contestants, and Intervention in
favor of one or the other party. I speak not
jf forcible annexation, for that cannot be
thought of. That by our code of morality
would be criminal aggression.
Recognition of the belligerency of the Cu-
ban Insurgents has been often canvassed as
* possible, if not Inevitable step, both In re-
gard to the previous ten years' struggle and
luring the present war. I am not unmind-
ful that the two houses of Congress in the
>prlng of 1890 expressed the opinion by
:oncurrent resolution that a condition of
public war exlsicd requiring or Justifying
ihe recognition of a state of belligerency In
I'uba. and during the extra session the sen-
ile voted a Joint resolution of like Import
which however, was not brought to a vote
n the House. In the presence of these
iigmflcant expressions of the sentiment of
the legislative branch it behooves the ex-
•cutives to soberly consider the conditions
inder which so important a measure must
ieeds rest for Justification. It Is to be ser-
ously considered whether the Cuban insur-
rction possesses beyond dispute the attri-
butes of statehood which alone can demand
the recognition of belligerency in its favor.
l'rssldent Grants Views.
The wise utterances of President Grant in
tils memorable message of December 7,
IM75, are signally relevant to tne present
iituatlon In Cuba, and It may lie wholesome
now to recall them. At that time a ruinous
oiiHict had for seven years wasted the
leighlioring island. During all those years
*n utter disregard of the laws of civilised
warfare and of the just demands of hu-
manity, which called forth expressions of
:ondemnation from the nations of Christ-
endom, continued unabated.
At that Juncture Ceueral (.rant uttered
these words, which now. as then, sum up
the elements of the problem. "A recogni-
tion of the independence of Cuba being, In
my mind impracticable and indefensible,
the question which next presents itself is
that of the recognition of belligerant rights
In the parties to the contest.
"Such recognition entails upon the coun-
try according the rights which flow from
it difficult and complicated duties, and re-
quires the exaction from the contending
parties of the strict observance of their
rights and obligations It confers the right
of search upon the high seas by vessels of
both parties; it would subject the carrying
ot arms and munitions of war, which now
may lie transpoited freely and without in-
terruption, In vessels of the United States,
to detention and ?o possible seizure; It would
give rise to countless vexatious questions,
would release the parent government from
responsibility for acts done by tne insur-
gents, and would invest Spain with the
right to exercise the supervision recognised
by our treatv of 1190 over our commerce on
the hign seas, a very large part of which, in
Its traffic between the Atlantic an«l the (inlf
states, and between all of them and the
*tatea on the Pacific, passes through the
waters which wash the shores ol Cuba.
The exercise of thU supervision could
scarce fall to lead, if not to abuses, cer-
tainly to collisions perilous to the peaceful
relations of the two states. There can be
little doubt as to what result such su-
pervision would before long draw this na-
tion. It wculd be unworthy of the United
States to Inaugurate the possibilities of
such results, by measures of questionable
right or expediency or by anv Indirection.
"While according the equal lielllgerent
rights defined bv public law to each pr.riv
In our ports disfavors would lie lm|>oseii
on both, which, while nominally equal,
would weigh heavily in liehaif of Spain her-
self. Possessing a navy and controlling the
ports of Cuba her maritime rights could lie
asserted not only for the military invest-
ment of the Island, but up to the margin of
our own territorial waters, aud a condition
of things would exist for which the Cubans
tthln their own domain could not h<>|>e to
create a parallel, while Its creation through
aid or sympathy from within our domain
would lie even more ini)M *Ntbtc than now,
with the additional obligations ot Inter-
national neutrality we would perforce as-
sume}"
Against Intervention Now.
The enforcement of tnls enlarged and
onerous code of neutrality would only lie
Influential within our own Jiirlsdictmi by
land aud sea and applicable bv our own In-
strumentalities. it could impart to the
United States no Jurisdiction between
Spain and the insurgents It would give the
United States no right of intervention to
enforce the conduct of the strife within the
paramount authority of Spain according to
the International code of war.
>r these reasons I regard the recogni-
tion of the belligerency of the Cuban insur-
gent!. as now unwise and therefore inad-
mlssabie. Should that step hereafter be
dermed wise as a measure ot right and duly
the executive will take It.
Intervention upon humanitarian grounds
has been frequently suggested and has not
failed to receive my most anxious aud earn-
est consideration. lint should such a step
ow taken when it is apparent that a
hopeful change has supervened lu the pul-
Icy of Spain toward Cuba?
TI at the government of Sagasta lias en-
tered upon a course from which recession
with honor is impossible, can hardly Ik:
questioned; that In the few weeks It has ex-
Is ted It has made earnest of the sincerity
of Its professions Is undeniable. I shall nut
impugn Us sincerity, nor should impatience
be suffered to embarrass it in the task It
has undertaken. 11 is honestly due toSpalu
and to our friendly relations with Spain
thatshe should be given a reasonablechance
to realise her exudations and to prove lht
asserted efficacy of the new order of tilings
to which she stands Irrevocably coinmitsd.
She has recalled the commander whose
brutal orders inflamed the American mind
and shocked the civilised world. She has
modified the horrible order of concentra-
tion and has undertaken to care for the
helpless and permit those who desire to re-
sume the cultivation of their fields to do so,
and assures them of the protection of the
Spanish government in their lawful occu-
pations She has )nst released the Com-
petitor prisoners, heretofore sentenced to
death, and who have been the subject of
repeated diplomatic correspondence dur-
ing liotii ihisaud the preceding admlnlstra-
lon. Not a single American cltlsen Is now
rider arrest or in confinement In Cuba, of
rbotn this government has any knowledge.
'Ilia I'nlley of this Country.
The near fulurc will demonstrate whether
the In Jlrtpensahle condition of a righteous
peace, just alike to the Cubans and toSpain,
as well as equitable to all our interests so In-
timately involved In the welfare of Cuba, is
likely to be attained. If not, the exigency
t further and oilier action by the United
States will remain to lie taken When that
time comes that action will l>e determined
in the line of the Indisputable right and
duty. It will 1h- faced without misgiving
or hesitancy, In the light of tlie obligation
this government owes to Itself, to the peo-
ple who have confided to It the protection
of their interests aud honor, aud to hu-
manity.
Sure of the right, keeping free from all
offense ourselves, actuated only by upright
and patriotic considerations.moved neither
by passion nor selfishness, the government
will continue Its watchful care over the
rights and property of American citizens,
ind will abate none of Its efforts to bring
about by peaceful agencies a peace which
shall be honorable and enduring If Itshall
hereafter be a duty Imposed by our obliga-
tions to ourselves. to civilization and hu-
manity, to intervere with force. It shall be
without fault on our part, aud only because
the necessity for such action will be soclear
as to com maud the support and approval of
the civilised world.
Hawaii's Annexation Urged.
Bv a special message da toil the 16th day
<>f June last I laid before the Senatca treaty
signed that dav by the plenipotentiaries of
the United States and of the republic of Ha-
waii. having lor its purpose the Incorpora-
tion of the Hawaiian islands as an integral
part of the United States, aud uuder Its
sovereignty.
That treaty was unanimously ratified
without amendment by the Senate and Pres-
ident of the Republic of Hawaii on the 10th
of September last, and only swatts the fa-
vorable action of the American Senate to
effect the complete absorption of the islands
into the domains of the United States
What the conditions of such a union shall
be, the political relation thereof to the
United States, the character of the local
administration, the quality and degree of
the elective franchise of the inhabitants,
the extension of the federal laws to the ter-
ritory or the enactment of special laws to
fit the peculiar coiditlon tnereof. the regu-
lation of needs of labor therein, and all
matters upon which the treaty acts, has
wisely been relegated to Congress.
If the treaty is confirmed, as every con-
sideration of dignity and honor requires,
the wisdom of Congress will see to It, that
avoiding abrupt assimilation of elements
jierhaps hardly yet fitted to share In the
highest franchises of citizenship, and hav-
ing uue regard to the geographical condi-
tions. the most just provisions for self rule
in lecal matters with the largest political
liberties as an integral part of our nation
will be accorded to the Hawalians. No leae
is due to a people who. after nearly five
years of demonstrated capacity to fulfill
the obll< atlons of self- governing statehood,
:ome of their free will to merge their desti-
nies In our body politic.
The questions which have arisen between
Japan and Hawaii by reason of the treat-
ment of Japanese laborers emigrating to
the islands under the Hawaiian-Japanese
convention of 188H, are in a satisfactory
stage of settlement by negotiation.
Ill metal 1 la ni.
The special envoys have been diligent In
their etforts to secure the concurrence and
co-operation of F.uropean countries in the
International settlement of the question,
but up to tills time have not been able to
secure an agreement contemplated by their
mlsiion.
The gratifying action of our great sister
republic of France in Joining this country
in the attempt to bring about an agreement
between the principal commercial nations
of Kurope whereby a fixed and relative val-
ue between gold and silver shall be se-
cure!, furnishes assurance that we are not
alone among the larger nations of the
world in realizing the international char-
acter of the problem and in the desire of
reaching some wise and practical solution
of It
Our special envoys have not made their
final report as further negotiations be-
tween the represenatattves of this govern-
ment and the governments of other coun-
tries are pending ami In contemplation.
They believe that doubts which have been
raised in certain quarters respecting the
possibility of maintaining the stability of
the parity between the metals and kindred
questions may yet bj solved by lurlher ne-
gotiations
Meanwhile it given m satisfaction to
slab that ttie special envoys have already
demonstrated their abilities and fitness to
deal with tne subject and it Is to lie earn-
estly hoped that their laltors may result in
an international agreement which will
bring alsuit recognition of both gold and
silver as money upon such terms and with
such safeguards as will secure the use of
both metals upon a basis which shall work
no injustice to any class of our citizuns.
I.egUlatlon for Alaska.
The territory of Alaska requires the
prompt and early attention of Congress.
The conditions now existing demand ma-
terial changes iu the laws relating to the
territory.
1 concur with the Secretary of War in his
suggestions as to the necessity for a mili-
tary for< •• iii the territory of Alaska for the
I tlon of persons and propertv.
As it is to ti.e interest of the government
to encourage the development and settle-
ment of the country and Its duty to follow-
up Hi cltl/ena there with the benefits of
n gai machinery. I earnestly urge upon
Congress I he establishment of a system of
government of such flexibility as will en-
able it fo ad|uat Itself to the future areas of
yirattst imputation.
The startling, though potslblv exagger-
ated. repotts from the Yukon river country
of the probable shortage of food for the
Urge nu in her of people who are wintering
there without the means of leaving the
roiinlry are , onflrined in such measure as
to Justify bringing the matter to the atten-
tion ol c ingress Access to that country
this while r can be had only by the passes
from Dyra and vicinity, which la a most
diftb ult and |M-rhaps impossible task. How-
ever. Khould these reports of the suffering
of our fellow i Itizens be further verified
every effort at any cost should be made to
<ai i v the in relief.
Reciprocity and Meals.
fn order to execute as early as possible
the provisions of the third and fourth sec-
tions of tha revenue act approved July 24,
iHMl. I appointed the Hon John A. Kasson
of lowa a special commissioner plenipoten-
tiary oundertake the requisite negotiations
with foreign countries desiring to avail
t hems • Ives at these provisions. The nego-
tiations ar• now proceeded with several
governments both Kuropcan and American.
It is liellevet> that by a careful exercise of
ifie powers 'onferred by th'.t act some
grievances of our own aud of other coun-
tries in our mutual Irade relations may be
cither rem >v5il or largely alleviated, and
that the volume of our commercial ex-
changes may lie enlarged, with advantages
to both contracting parties.
To Kvtend Foreign Commerce.
Most des!rah e from every standpoint of
national interests and patriotism is the ef-
fort to extend our foreign commerce. To
this end our merchant marine should be
improved aud enlarged.
We should do our full share of the carry-
ing ' rac.e of the world. We do not do it
now We should be the laggard no longer.
Tills Inferiority of our merchant marine is
Justly humiliating to the national pride.
Tilt; government, by every proper constitu-
tional means, should aid In making our
ships familiar visitors at every commercial
pot t of the world, thus opening up new aud
valuable markets fo the surplus products
of Hie farm and the 'actorv.
The efforts which have been made during
the t wo previous years by iny predecessor
to secure lie Iter protection to the fur seals
In Hie North Pacific ocean and llerIng sea
were renewed at an early date by this ad-
ministration. and have bee.i pursued with
earr««t.ness.
Upo my Invitation the governments of
.lapa and Russia sent delegates to Wash-
ington and an international conference was
held during Ihe months of October and No-
vember last, wherein it was unanimously
agreed that under the existing reeulations
ibis species of useful animals was threat-
ened with extl nctlon. and that an interna-
tional agreement of all the interested pow-
ers was necessary lor their adequate pro-
tection.
The government of Great Hritaln did not
see proper to lie represented at this confer-
ence. but subsequently seat to Washington
as delegates the exjiert commissioners of
<irea> llriialn and Canada, who had. during
the past two years, visited the Pribyloff
Islands, and who met In conference
similar commissioners on the part of the
United States The result of this con-
ference was an ngi .ement on Imjiortant
far.ts connected with the condlt on of the
seal herd, heretofore In dispute, which
sh mid place beyond controversj the duty
of Hie governments concerned to adopt
measures without delay for the preserva-
tion and restora. Ion of the herd. Negotia-
tions to this end are now In progress, the
result of wlllcli I >ope to be able to report
to Congress at an . arly date.
International arbitration cannot be omit-
ted from the list of sublects claiming our
consideration. Kvents have only served to
strengthen the general views on this ques-
tion expressed in my inaugural address.
The best sentiment of the civilized world
Is moving toward the settlement of differ-
ences between nations without resorting to
the horrors of war. Treaties embodying
these humane principles on broad lines
without In any way imperiling our interests
or our honor shall have my constant en-
couragement
The acceptance by this government of the
Invitation of the republic of France to par-
ticipate In the universal exposition of 1900
at Paris was Immediately followed by the
appointment of a special commissioner to
represent the United States in the proposed
exposition and a liberal appropriation is
urged
The reception accorded our special com-
missioner was most cordial, and he was
given every reasonable assurance that the
United States would receive a considera-
tion commensurate with the proportions
of our exhibit. The report of the special
commissioner as to the magnitude and im-
portance of the coming exposition and the
great demand for space for American ex-
hibits. supplies new arguments for a liberal
and judicious appropriation by Congress, to
the end that an exhibit fairly rcpresedta-
tive of the Industries and resources
of our country may be made in an ex-
position which will Illustrate the world's
progress during the nineteenth centuiy.
That exposition Is Intended to be the most
Important and comprehensive of the long
series of international expositions, of
which our own at Chicago was a brilliant
example, and It Is desirable that the United
Statesuhould make a worthy exhibit of
American genius and skill, and their un-
rivaled achlvements fn every brancb of ln-
lustry.
The Merry Case.
As to the representation of this govern-
ment to Nicaragua, Salvador and Costa
Rica, I have concluded that Mr. William L.
Merry, confirmed as minister of the United
states to the states of Nicaragua. Salvador
and Costa Rica, shall proceed to San Jose,
Costa Rica, and there temporarily establish
the headquarters of the United States to
those three states.
I took this action for what I regarded as
the paramount interests of this country. It
was developed upon an investigation by the
Secretary of State that the governor of Nic-
aragus, while not unwilling to receive Mr.
Merry in his diplomatic quality, was unable
to do so on account of the compact con-
cluded June 20, 1893, whereby that repub-
lic and those of Salvador and Honduras,
forming the Greater Republic of Cen-
tral America, had surrendered to the
representative diet thereof the right to re-
ceive and send diplomatic agents. The diet
was not willing to accept him because he
was not accredited to that body. I could
not accredit him to that body because the
appropriate law of Congress did not permit
Mr. Haker, the present minister at Mana-
gua. has been directed to present his letters
of recall.
Mr. W (lodfrey Hunter has likewise been
accredited to the governments of Guatemala
and Honduras, the same as his predecessor.
Guatemala Is not a member of the Greater
Republic of Central America but Honduras
Is. Should this latter government decline
to receive him, he has been Instructed to
report this fact to his government and
await Its further Instructions.
Nlcaragns Canal.
A subject of large Importance to our
country and Increasing appreciation on the
part of the people is the completion of the
great highway of trade between the Atlan-
tic and Pacific known as the Nlcarguan
canat Its utility and value to American
commerce is universally admitted The
commission appointed under date of July
21 last, "to continue the surveys and exam-
inations authorized by the act approved
March 2, 189i." in regard "to the proper
route, feasibility and cost of construction
of the Nicaragua canal, with a view of
making complete plans, entire work of con-
struction of such canal," is now employed
in the undertaking. In the future I shall
take occasion to transmit to Congress the
report of this commission, making at the
same time such further suggestions as may
then aeem advisable.
About the Navy.
The great Increase ot the navy, which has
taken place in recent years, was Justified by
the requirements for national defense and
has received public approbation. The time
has now arrived, however, when this in-
crease, to which the country is committed,
should, for a time, take the form of in-
creased facilities commensurate with the
increase of our naval vessels
Another Hat tic* hi o.
Immediate steps should be taken to pro-
vide three or four docks capable of docking
our largest shlpsouthe Atlantic coast; at
least one on the Psctfic coast and a floating
dock in the Qulf. There should also be
ample provision made for powder and pro-
jectiles an l other munitions of war and for
an Increased number of officer* and enlist-
ed men I concur with the recommenda-
tions ot the secretary of the navv for an
appropriation authorizing the construction
f one battleship for the Pacific coast and
also that several torpedo boats be author-
ized.
About Yellow Vever.
To prevent the Invasion of the United
States by yellow fever, the importance of
Ihe discovery ol the exact cause of the dis-
ease Is obvious, an I to this end. a systemat-
l: bacteriological Investigation should be
made. I recommend that Congress author-
ize the appointment of a committee by the
president to consist of four bacteriologists,
one to lie selected from the medical officers
of the marine hospital service, one from
civil life, one from the medical officers of
the army and one from the navy.
The Indian Problem-
For a number of years past it has been
apparent that the conditions under which
the five civilised tribes were established in
the Indian territory under treaty provisions
with the United States, with the right of
h If-government ami the exclusion of all
white persons from within their borders,
have undergone so complete a change as
to render the continuance of the system
thus Inaugurated practically impossible
The total number of the five civilised tribes
as shown by the last census. Is 45,494. anil,
this number has not materially increased,
while the white populitlon is estimated at
from 2 hi.(NN) to 250.000. which, by permis-
sion of the Indian government, has settled
intheterrito y The present area of the
Indian territory contains 2' .t'0 i,Rtt4 acres,
much of which is very fertile land.
The Unit *d States citizens residing 1 n the
territory, most of whom have gone there
by Invitation or with the consent of the
tribal authorities, have made permanent
homes for themselves Numerous towns
have been built In which from 500 to 5,000
white people now reside Valuable resi-
dences and business houses have lieen
erected In many of them. Lacgc business
enterprises are carried on in which vast
same ol money are employed.
In Justice to the Whites.
And yet these people, who have Invested
their capital in the development of the pro-
ductive resource* of the country, are with-
out title to the land they occupy and have
no voice whatever in ihe government either
ot t he nations or tribes. Thousands of their
children, who were horn In the territory,
are of school age. but the doors of the
schools cf the nation are shut against them
aid what education they get is by private
contribution. No provision for the pr tec-
tlon of the life or property of these white
citizens is made by the tribal governments
and courts
The secretary of the Interior reports that
leading Indians have absorbed great tracts
of land to the exclusion of the common
people and government by an Indian ar-
istocracy has been practically established,
to the detriment of the peo-
ple. It has been found im]ios.siblc
for the United States to keep its
citizens out of the territory and the execu-
tory conditions contain-d In treaties with
these nations have for the most part be-
come impossible of execution. Nor has it
been possible for the tribal governments to
secure to each Individual Indian his full
enjoyment in common with other lndlaus
of ihe common property of the nations.
The Dawes Commission's Duties.
Friends of the Indians have long believed
that the best Interests of the Indians of the
Five Civilized Tribes would be found In
American citizenship, with all the rights
and privileges which belong to that condi-
tion. Ily section 16. of the act of March 3.
1893. the President was authorlzec to ap-
point three commissioners to enter Into ne-
gotiations with the Cherokee, C'hocktaw,
Chickasaw, Muskogee (or Creek) ami Semi-
nole nations, commonly known as the five
civilised tribes in the Indian territory.
Briefly, the purposes of the negotiation
were to be: The extinguishment of tribal
titles to any-lands within that territory now-
held by anv or all such nations or trilies,
either by cession of the same or some part
thereof to the United States, or by allot-
ment and division of the same in severalty
among the Indians of such nations or tribes
respectively as may be entitled to thesame,
or by such other method as may be agreed
upon between the several nations and tribes
aforesaid, or each of them, with the United
States, with a view to such an adjustment
upon the basis of Justice and equity, as
may, with the consent of said nations of
Indians, so far as may be necessary, requi-
site and suitable to enable the ultimate
creation of a state or states of the Union,
which shall embrace the lands within said
Indian Territory.
The commission met much opposition
from the beginning. The Indians were very
slow to act and those In control manifested
a decided disinclination to meet with iavor
the propositions submitted to them
A little more man three years after its
organization the commission effected an
agreemont with the Choctaw nation alone.
The Chlckasaws, however, refused to agree
to Its terms and, as they have a common
interest with the Choctaws in the lands of
said nations, the agreement with the latter
nation could have no effect without the con-
sent of the former. On April 23, 1897, the
commission effected an agreement with
l>oth tribes -the Choctaws and Chlckasaws.
This agreement, it is understood, has been
ratified by the constituted authorities ot
the respective tribes or nations parties
thereto, and only requires ratification by
Congerss to make It binding.
On the 27th of September. 1897, an agree-
ment was affected with the Creek nation,
but it Is understood that the national coun-
cil of said nation has refused to ratify the
same.
Mr. Dawes' Kuggestlon Upheld*
The provision in the Indian appropriation
act, approved June 10. 1893, makes it the
duty of the commission to investigate and
determine the rights of applicants for citi-
zenship In the Five Civilized Tribes. The
commission is at present engaged in this
work among the tribes, and has made ap-
pointments for taking the census of these
]>eople up to and including the 30th of the
present month.
Negotiations are yet to be had with the
Cnerokees' the most populous of the five
civilized tribes, and with the Seminoles, the
smallest In point of numbers and territory.
Should the agreement between the Choc-
taws and Chlckasaws be ratified by Con-
gress. and should the other tribes fail to
mak-an agreement with the commission,
then it will be necessary that some legisla-
tion shall be had by Congress which, while
just and honorable to the Indians shall be
equitable to the white people who have
settled upon these lands by invitation of
the tribal nations.
The Hon Henry I* Dawes, chairman of
the c immisslon, in a letter to the Secretary
of the Interior, under date of October 11,
1897. says: "Individual ownership Is in their
(the commission's) opinion absolutely es-
sential to any permanent improvement In
present conditions, and the lack of it is the
root of nearly all the evils which so griev-
ously afflict these people. Allotment by
agreement Is the only possible method, un-
less the United States courts are clothed
with the authority to apportion the lands
among the citizen Indians for those whose
use it was originally granted."
I concur with the Secretary of the In-
terior that there can be no cure for the
evils engendered by the perverslou of these
great trusts, excepting by their resumption
by the government which created ttu m.
A Kansas Pacific Hid.
The Union Pacific railway main line was
sold under the decree of the United States
court for the district of Nebraska on the
1st and 2d cf November of this year. The
amount due the government consisted of
the principal of the subsidy bonds. 127,236,-
312. and the accrued Interest thereon,
(31.211.711.75. making the total indebted-
ness 158.44H.'j23.75. The bid at the sale
covered the tlrst mortgage lien and the en-
tire mortgage claim of the government,
pr.ncipal and in7eresL
T ic sale of the subsidized portion of the
Kansas Pacific line, upon which the govern-
ment holds a second mortgage lien, has
been postponed at the Instance of the gov-
ernment to December Hi. 1897. The debt
of this division of the Union Pacific rail-
road to the government on November 13,
1897. was the principal of the subsidy
bonds, t6.303 00(i. and the unpaid and ac-
crued Interest. I6.02C.C90.33, making a total
of 912,929.C9J.33. The sale of this road
was originally advertised for November 4,
but for the purpose of securing the utmost
public notice of the event it was postponed
until December 10, and a second advertise-
ment of the sale was made.
Ihe Kansas Paeltle Matter.
Uv the decree of the conrt the up-set
price on the sale of the Kansas Pacific will
yield to the government the sum of 12 500,-
ODD over all prior liens, costs and charges.
f no other or belter bid is made this sum Is
all that the government will receive on
Its claim of nearly I13.000.00J The gov-
ernment has no information as to
whether there will be other bidders or
a b tier but than tfie maximum amount
herein stated. The question pre ented there-
for Is. whether the government shall, under
the authority given It by the act of March
3. 1HH7. purchase or redeem the road In the
event that a bid is not made by private
parties entering the entire government
claim To qualify the government to bid at
the sales will require a deposit of 1900,0JO,
as follows In the government cause fiOO. -
i and iu each of the first mortgage causes
10.1)00. and in the latter the deposit must
lie in cash Payments at the sale are as
follows: Upon the acceptance of the bid.
a sum which, with the amount already de-
posited. shall equal 1"> per cent of the bid;
the balance in installments of 25 jier cent
thirty forty anil fifty days aft. r the con-
firmation of the sale. The lien on the Kan-
sas Pacific prior to that of the government
on the 30th day of July. 1897. principal and
interest, amounted to 17.281.048.11. The
government, therefore should it become
the highest bidder, will have to pay the
amount of the first mortgage Hen
The Hovernment 1VIII Hid.
i believe that under the act of 1887 It has
the authority to do this, and in absence of
anv action by Congress, 1 shall direct the
Secretary of the Treasury to make the nec-
essary deposit as required by the court's
decree to'quallfy as a bidder and to bid at
the sale a sum which will at least equal the
principal of the debt due to the government.
It is dear to my mind that the govern-
ment should not permit the property to be
soid at a price wich will yield less than one-
half the principal of its debt and less than
one-fifth of Its entire debt, principal and
interest. Hut whether the government,
rather than accept less than Its claim,
should become a bidder and thereby the
owner of the property, I submit to Congress
for action.
Civil Ser*lne—Economy.
The important branch of our government
known as the civil service,the practical im-
provement of w hich has long been a sub-
ject of earnest discussion. his of lateyears
received increased legislative aud executive
approval. Much, of course, still remains to
be accomplished before this system can be
made reasonably perfect for our needs.
There af« places now in the classified service
which ought to lie exempted and others not
classified may properly lie Included I shall
not hesitate to exempt cases which I think
have been improperly included In the class-
ified service, or include those which. In my
ludginent. will liest promote the public ser-
vice. The system has the approval ot the
people, and it will be my endeavor to up-
hold and extend it.
Strict Keonomy Called For.
I am forced by the length of this message
to omit many Important references to af-
fairs of the government with which Con-
gress will have to deal at the present ses-
sion. They are fully discussed in the
departmental reports, to all of which I in-
vite your earnest attention.
The estimates of the expenses of the gov-
ernment by the several departments will, I
am sure, have your careful scrutiny. While
the Congress may not find it an easy task
to reduce the expenses of the govern-
ment, it should not encourage their In-
crease. These expenses will, In my Judg
nicut, admit of a decrease In many branches
of the government without injury to the
public service. It is a commanding duty to
keep the appropriations within the receipts
of Ihe government, and thus avoid a deficit.
WlLI.tAM MCKINI.KY.
Executive Mansion, December 0, 1897.
"Laura you made a dreadful break
to that Mr. PlirasoiL Here you have
been letttng people understand you
were only twenty, and yet you actu-
ally told liini you remembered the
Philadelphia Centennial in 1876."
"Oh, I made that all right mama."
'Ifow?"
"1 told him I had a phenomenally
old memory." Cleveland Plaindealer.
Mlsanorl Honds Called In.
Jr.FFKKfioN City, Mo., Dec. 7 —The
state board of fund commissioners
met here yesterd3j- anil made arrange-
ments to pay the interest on the *^tte
bonded debt for January. Four hun-
dred thousand dollars of \1 .s per eeat
live-twenty bonds of the state, dated
1*87, were called in for payment at the
American Kxehamre National bank of
New York, the Ma'e'a fiscal agency,
on December .11, 189?. This will re-
dme the bonded debt to $ I, T oo,no .
I'roted Against Cathelles
Washington, l). c. • . — President
Kehols and Secretary Palmer has is-
sued a special address to the councils
of the American Protective Associa-
tion. The address savs it istUeduty
of the association to protest to th
President affainst Attorney (Jeuera
McKenna's elevation to tha Supre
court bench; asserts that the go
ir.ent departments are being Uoin|
ized and Romanists given more th
half the offices ir? certain dopar*
THE WONDERS OK SCIENCE.
Lung Troubles and Consump-
tion Can be Cured.
An Eminent Now York Chemist and
Scientist Makes a Free Offer to
Our Readers
The distinguished Now York chemist,
T. A. Slocum, demonstrating his discov-
ery of a reliable and absolute cure fo:
Consum tion (Pulmonary Tuberculosis)
and all bronchial, throat, lung and chest
diseases, stubborn coughs, catarrhal af-
fections, general decline and weakness,
loss of flesh, and all conditions of wast-
ing away. will send THREE FREE BOT-
TLES (all different) of his New Discov-
eries to any afflicted reader of The 01 '
homa Leader writing for them.
His "New Scientific Treatment" has
cured thousands permanently by its
timely use, and he considers It a simple
professional duty to suffering humanity
to donate a trial of his infallible cure.
Science dally develops new wonders,
and this great chemist, patiently experi-
menting for years, has produced results
as beneficial to humanity as can be
claimed by any modern genius. His as
sertlon that lung troubles and consump
tion are curable in any climate is proven
by "heartfelt letters of gralltude," filed
in his American and European laborator-
ies in thousands from tho?e cured in all
parts of the world.
Medical exj erts concedo that bronchial,
chest and lung troubles lead to Consump-
tion, which, uninterrupted, means speedy
and certain death.
Simply write to T. A. Slocum, M. C.,
98 Pine street, New York, giving post-
office and express address, and the free
medicine will be promptly sent. Suffer
ers should take instant advantage of his
genprous proposition.
Please tell the Doctor that you saw his
offer in tho Leader.
Fire <iot Away From Illni.
Columbia, Mo., Dec. 7.—Dr. W. M.
Dougherty of this city set fire to some
old stumps to get rid of troublesome
rats. The fire spread and destroyed a
lot of rails and hay, owned by John
Chandler. Mr. Chandler sued Dougl
erty and got judgment for $200. The
case will be appealed.
Wood Alcohol Vlctlma.
Exktkr, N. II., Dec. 7.—Three resi-
dents of this town died to-day ns the
result of drinking wood alcohol. Tho
victims are Horace Quiinby and wife
aud Mrs. Annie Fitzsiramona.
Til one Who Endure
The pains of rheumatism should be re-
minded that a cure for this disease
may be found fn Hjod's Harsaparilia.
The experience of those who hare
taken Hood's Sarsap&rilia for rheuma-
tism, and have been completely and
permanently cured, prove the power <
this medicine to rout and conquer th..
disease. Hood's SHrsaparilItt la the
One True Hlood Purifier nnd it neutra-
lizes the acid which esu«>« the aches
and pains of rheumatism I li s is why
it absolutely cures when and
other oiit>vard applica'ini s f II to (jive
perminent relief. Be sure to get
Hood's
Wanted-810,000 Oklahoma Fchool
distriot bonds. Call on rr aldress
William N Spcr- office 100 Serrnd
street, in Capital Nui)nalbxnk build
ing
Nkw York, li e. 7—A me tier of
tlie firm of J. P Morvin & to-day
admitted the truth of the report con-
cerning the consolidation of the wire
Industry thron rhout the coin try. lie
stated that tho .1.-: -lils l.:i l not yet
been p rfo.'le,|. 'I h • li m of ,1. ' 1>
Mor.uti At, K mpiwioj t„ bo
financing the eoiuhinttlion. It was
said that Charles foster, of that firm
!a the prime mover in the proposed
consolidation.
THE
New York World,
Thrice-a-week Edition.
18 Puges :t Week,
150 Papers a Year
For One Dollar.
Published Every Alternate I)iy Except
Sunday.
The Thrice-a-week Kuition of The
New York World is Hrst among all
'weekly" papers in F-i/e, frequency of
publication, and the freshness, accu-
racy and variety of it6 contents. It
has all the merits of a great $< daily
at the price of a $1 weekly. Its polit-
ical news is prompt, complete, accu-
rate and impartial us all its readers
will testify. It is against the monopo-
lies and for the people.
It prints the news of all the world,
having special correspondence from all
important news points on the globe.
It has brilliant illustrations, stories by
great authors, a capital hutnor page,
complete markets, departments for
the household and women's work and
other special departments of unusual
interest.
We offer I his unequalled newspaper
and The Oklahoma Leader together
one year for $1.05
The regular subscription price of the
two papers is $2.
First published in Oklahoma Leader
Dec. 9.
Notiee.
To William Kinder: You are hereby
notified that you have been sued by Anu
E. Klndi r in ihe district court of Logan
county, Oklahoma Territory, in an ac-
tion for divorce, and that y.hi must ap-
pear and answer the ueiuk n of said Ann
E. Kinder liled In said court In said ac-
tion on or before the 26th day of January.
1898, or said petition will be taken as true
and judgment for divorce rendered
against you accordingly, as prayed for In
said petition.
Witness my hand and ofliclal seal this
6th day of December, 1807
[keai.J Louih E Pitts,
No. 2458. Clerk of said Court.
Alfreds DkWitt, Deouty.
Lawrknck, Huston & Huston.
Attorneys for Plaintiff.
First publlshoi In the Oklahoma Leader
November 25,1897.
Notice for Publication.
In the District Court Terrltorv of Okla-
homa, Lotran county
Mary Rose May vs. Walter May.
The above named defendant, Walter
May, will take notice that ho has
been sued In the district court of Logan
county. Oklahoma Territory, by the
plaintiff, Mary Rote May,In an action for
divorce and that be must appear and
answer the petition of said plaintiff
which has been tiled in said court on or
before the 5th day of January, 1898, and
if he does not appear and answer the said
petition will be taken as true and a judg-
ment rendered agaiust him divorcing tho
plaintiff from him and restoring her to
her maiden name.
Witness my hand and the seal of said
court at Guthrie, said county and terri-
tory, this the 2ith day of November, 1897.
Louis E. Pitts,
[sbal.1 Clerk District Court.
By Alfred L. Dewitt, Deputy.
Jones & I)e\ ereux,
Attorneys for Plaintiff.
First published In the Oklahoma Leader
November 25, 1897.
Notice for Publication.
In the District Court of Logan county,
Oklahoma Territory.
EMza McClonnon vs James McClonnon.
The above named defendant, James
McClonnon, will take notice that he has
been sued In tho district court of Logan
county. Oklahoma Territory, by tho
pla'ntiff, Eliza McClonnon, in an action
for divorce and tnat he must appear and
answer the said plaintiff's petition which
has been filed In the said court by tho
plaintiff, on or before the5th day of Janu-
ary, 1898, and If he does not appear and
an-wer, the said petition will be taken as
true and a judgment taken against hint
divorcing the ulaintlll' from him. anct for
the custody of tho child born to them.
Witness my hand and seal of said court
at (Jiitlulo, «ald county and territory,
this 21th day of November, 1897.
Louis K. Pitts,
[Seal. | Clerk District Court.
Alfreds. DkWitt, Deputy.
Jones & Devereux, Attorneys fur plff.
First published In the Oklahoma Leader
October 21, 1897.
Notice for Publication
In the District Court of L igan county
Oklahoma Territory.
Harriot Jones, plaintiff, No 2432.
vs.
William Jones, defendant.
The above-named defendant is hereby
notified that he has been sued In said
court, by said plaintiff in an action for
divorce, and that he must answer tho pe-
tition filed In said action by said plaintiff
on or before the 1st day of December, a. D ,
1897, or said petition will bo taken as true
and judgment for divorce against him
will be rendered accordingly
Witness my hand and seal of said court
this lyth day of October, 1897.
[seal] Louis E. Pitts,
Clerk District Court.
Alfred S. DeWitt, Deputy.
Lawrence, Huston & Huston, Attorneys
for Plaintiff.
First published in the Oklahoma Leader
October 18, 1897.
Notice.
'nJA® <'ourt of Logan county,
Oklahoma Territory.
John H Graves, plaintiff,
vs.
Lavina Graves, defendant.
Ihe defendant, Lavina Graves, will
take notice that she has been sued In the
District Court of Logan county. Okla-
homa Territory, by the plaintiff, John H.
Graves, and that unless she answer the
petition of said plaintiff, filed In sa d
court, by tho 8th day ol December, 1897,
judgment will be rendered against her
forever divorcing her. the said defendant,
I u n,a Graves, from tho said plaintiff,
relief 0ravo8« and for al1 other proper
Witness mv hand and seal of said court
at Guthrie, said county and territory,
this, the 20th day of October, A . I). 1897,
Louis E. Pitts,
[Seal.] Clerk District Court,
«y Alfred S. DeW itt, Deputy.
John I). DeBois,
Attorney for Plaintiff.
.f
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Niblack, Leslie G. The Oklahoma Leader. (Guthrie, Okla.), Vol. 5, No. 42, Ed. 1 Thursday, December 9, 1897, newspaper, December 9, 1897; Guthrie, Oklahoma. (https://gateway.okhistory.org/ark:/67531/metadc121352/m1/4/?q=wichita+falls: accessed June 30, 2024), The Gateway to Oklahoma History, https://gateway.okhistory.org; crediting Oklahoma Historical Society.