Okeene Eagle. (Okeene, Okla.), Vol. 9, No. 38, Ed. 1 Friday, July 10, 1903 Page: 3 of 8
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w« (fowled about the weather when the
■ eet was cornin'down, *
Ard the snow was like a nightcap on tha
houses o’ the town;
And walling went from Weary villa, from
Bllivllle and from Brown-
Good I.ord, forgive us!
Though we had the roaring tires, an' the
dancin', high an' low ;
Though we carved the Juicy ‘possum-
tracked the rabbits through (he snow,
We w ere certain we W ere living In a w i!der-
ness of woe—
Good Lord, forgive ua!
Then the Spring came—smiling sweetly In
each wit.ter-blusted place.
And spread the sky's blue carpet—tossed
the roses In Love's face;
And still we said this world of ours was
not a friend to gfitee—
Good Laird, forgive us!
•
And now. a flash of Summer on the valley
and the hill—
Green meadows, and the w Kd bird with the
berry in its bill;
And the world's a foolish failure, and we're
growlin' at it still—
^ Good Lord, forgive us!
O, the lessons we are slighting In a dew-
drop's friendly ftvli!
In the waving of a grass blade—In a rosy
robin’s call!
In a world that sings "God ble*s you!”
we're the most unblest of all—
I Good l.ord, forgive us!
—F. L. Stanton, In Atlanta Constitution.
Courtship by
Lightning %£ %£
By OTHELLO F. ANDREWS
f I' HERE was a dead center in the lit-
J[ tie affair between Ada Stephen-
son and George Jones. A negative and
a positive had crossed, and there was
“nothing doing.” Jones was positive
he would marry Ada, while the
thoughts of the lutter were running
in a diametrically opposite direction,
chiefly toward Edward Carroll. They
had been acquainted for—well, it mat-
ters little how long, for the condition
would probably have been similar hud
they known one another for a week or
for ten years.
“Why don’t you marry Jones?”
asked Ada’s sister Bessie one evening,
as they sat on the little porch in the
rear of their North side flat.
“Because 1 don’t want to,” was the
Womanly answer of the sister.
“Well, you may have reasons that
you don’t air, but so far ns I can see I
think you are acting foolishly in treat-
ing him so lightly.”
“I don’t love him, if that’s any rea-
son.”
The next day the girls received n let-
ter front their aunt in New York city-
inviting them to visit her at her Long
Island summer home. The aunt’s hus-
band was president of one of the big
railroads, and the letter contained
passes for the nieces. Th£ opportunity
could not he ignored, and the girls
made hurried arrangements to go east
far two or three weeks. Some time
before George had gojie to Boston to
assume charge, temporarily, of a
branch house he had established there.
When he heard of the girls’ contem-
plated trip east he made it imperative
that both, or Ada at least, should cotne
on to Boston and spend a few days
with him and his mother, who was
with him.
When the train rumbled into Grand
Central stntion Aune Jennie was wait-
ing for the girls.
“Well, girls, 1 hope your minds' are
free of boys, so that I may enjoy your
visit,” said Aunt Jennie after dinner.
“Mine is as receptive as a vacuum.”
■aid Bessie. “But 1 am not so sure
about Ada.”
“Ah, I thought so.” said the aunt.
“My question was a leading one. And
who is it nc’v, Ada? Have you accept-
ed George or Eddie, or have you given
both the go-by?”
“I haven’t done anything, auntie. I
am in a state of suspended decision.
Bessie never loses an opportunity to
bring up the subject. 1 don’t believe
she will ever marry, but marriage is
ever in her mind—that is, a marriage
for me.”
“I see,” said Aune Jennie. “There
appears to be some differences be-
tween you over a choice. What is the
contention, the color of eyes, the style
of beard or stature? These are usual-
ly factors in a girl’* choice of a man.
A girl sometimes allows a man’s body
to overweigh his brain. She will often
jive a physical attraction precedence
over a mental one. I don’t know any-
thing about this case, but my advice Is
to take the mno who thinks, whether
he bus green or red eyes, or whether
fce is five or seven feet tall. Allow the
man to furnish the thought—you may-
need it—und Ihe girl the love. This
will not bring you a man bereft of
i.entiment, for thought and affection
usually go together.”
“By the way, auntie, how long does
it require to go to Boston?” said Ada,
apparently Ignoring the advice.
“You may go by ruil in about six
hours, I think, and by water and rail
over n-ght.”
Before the snhjeet could be pursued
further the bell rung to announce a
telegram for “Miss Ada Stephenson.”
"When will you depart New York for
Boston? GEORGE.”
“Any answer?" cpieried the 'ouy.
"No,” said Ada.
i Ads, with u smile, tossed the mes-
sage to her sister. At breakfust the
following morning she received an-
other dispatch from George.
“Kindly answer my telegram of lust
night," were the contents.
Ada's face reddened a trifle ns she
crushed the missive in her lap and dig-
missed the messenger without a reply. J
Late iu the afternoon Aria found
time to write n few words to the Bos-
ton lover, telling him she would prob-
ably arrive iu the Hub tbr next Satur-
day morning.
| Qturg* uud his mother met Ada at
the south terminal. Mrs. Jones knew
little of her son’s attachment for the
girl beyond w hat a prolific correspon
deuce, principally on his part, would
indicate. She was a sensible mother
amt was not over-inquisitive.
Ihe two days' visit did not seem two
hours to George. During the stay Ada
dhd not drop a word «.f encouragement
to ihe expectant man. In fact.she was
doubly on her guard, for she had gone
to Boston for two reasons, ofte to sat-
isfy his importunities and the other to
see the city. At times she tried to
make herself believe she ought to mar-
ry George, but pull as she might she
could not get her heart out of ( hiengo.
’A\ e think Boston the nicest place in
the country," said George on the eve
of Ada's departure for New York tc
rejoin her sister.
‘A es, natives of theclty usually art
of a similar opinion, hut the opinion
does net appear to prevail west of
( ambridge nor south of Dorchester.”
George was anything but satisfied
with Ada’s visit, lie had expected to
I"1* a finishing touch upon the affair
one way or another, but Ada did not
give him an opportunity to declare
himself even by implication.
“1 presume y ou fixed things in Bos-
ton ?" said Bessie, after they returned
to Chicago.
“We didn’t fix up anything but a
• hammock on Mrs. Jones'verandu,” an-
swered Ada.
The next morning Ada received two
letters from George. One had been
] mailed in the morning and the other in
the evening i.f the day of her depar-
ture. A half dozen followed during the
first week. These were topped by a
telegram inquiring the reason for the
recipient s silence. Ada thought she
had performed her duty when she an-
swered the entire hatch with a short
note Saturday night.
It was one of those little tilts that
always brand a love affair as 22 carat
Lridie had expressed disapproval at
the Boston trip.
Bessie perceived the perturbed con-
dition of her sister, but did not venture
an inquiry. Ada went into the par-
lor ami began to write with a vim
She wrote until her sister was certain
five or six pages had been filled.
“You must he writing your autobi-
ography,” commented Bessie.
“No, I a in writing to George,” an-
swered the penwoman. shortly.
It was not the first time Ada had
used George when she had quarreled
with Eddie.
“There, when that letter shall have
been answered there may be a surprise
for all concerned.” said Ada. as she
sealed' and addressed the envelope.
1 vvo days later the answer. Tvvc
hours after this telegram;
“I consider the matter settled. Name the
<*a> GEORGE."
W hen the softening period was about
at nn end, Eddie called. Ada receiver
liim formally. It was hard work foi
her. but she did very well.
During Ada’s momentary nbsenee
from the room Eddie's eyes fell upor
the little yellow telegram on the writ
ing desk, where Ada had uncon
sclously laid it. All things being fait
in war and love, particularly the lat
ter. Eddie read the missive. He woult'
have done it if capital punishment half
stared him in the face. It was nr
extra large lump he swallowed wher
Ada v eturned.
Th'^e was n crisis, and no mistake
he thought. His feigned coldness van-
ished. ami he looked imploringly at thi
girl. She glanced at the desk and saw
the telegram had been pluced on «oi
of it.
“Let's end this foolishness,” he said
with an uncertain smile.
“I have ended It,” she said, with hei
eyes on the writing desk.
“A poor ending yon have made of it.*
“I think It a good and wise one."
The bell rang. A telegram for“Adf
Stephenson.”
She read It quickly, and with mud
show of interest. Then she placed B
in one of the drawers of the desk
looked the drawer and put the key-ir
her pocket.
“You hold the key to the situation,'
said Kdide, with sighing resignation
“Keys are had things In the handt
Of the wrong person.”
“I wish I had the key to that
drawer.”
“What would you do with It?”
“I would answer thnt telegram.”
Ada tossed over the key.
Eddie quickly opened t-lie drawer
glanced over the message, and wrote
the following answer, which he hander
to Ada:
“George Jones, Boston: Tha signature
to this telegram Is my answer.
"MR*. EDWARD CARROLL”
Ada read It, and, as she returned it
to the writer their hands touched. Ed-
die held tightly to thp little white
fingers and they looked at one another
inquiringly.
Again the door bell rang, and the fa-
miliar announcement.
FIG WASP AT WORK.
Useful Insect Performs Important
Horticultural Duty.
Hag Be the Means of Developing a
hew aid Lurrallie Industry la
the Southern Staten of
the t uiou.
"Please name the day.
Answer qulik-
GEORGK
The boy was about to depart when
Eddie humhri him tin- telegram lie had
written,
“Well, It’s a little premature, but 1
goevg you might ns well let it go.” ('1IP
said, with a smile.- Chicago Record-
Herald.
Horne natl Automobile.
Once upon n time n faithful horse
found that his mutter was using him
lets und less, mid the neglect made him
extremely unhappy, th. ugh he could
uot account for It.
One day. while in his pasture, he >nvv
his master riding down the stMud in a
vehicle that moved very rapidly,
though there was no horse attached
to It. Be made Inquiry and learned
what had brought the change In hit
life.
"Alas!" he sighed, "I have lost m.»
prestige, and the automobile comet
first."
Mural The rart it before the hurst
—N. Y. Herald,
(Special Lot Angeles (Cal.) Letter.]
r\ LAbTOl’H AG A GKOSSOKCM is
il 'he rather formidable name of the
insect tribe which proves to be ua
indispensable aid to an industry which
muy become a large source of revenue
to the farmers ot the south anti ex-
treme west.
The culture of Smyrna figs, or a va-
riety that will rival them iu the mar-
kets of the world, has long been the
aim of the agriculturists, and unsuc-
cessful uttempts have cost years of la-
bor and large sums of money. Now the
little tig wasp, with the large name, us
above, is quietly solving the problem.
Figs have been so long raised in Cali-
fornia that their origin is doubtful,
although the bluuket veil covering
grapes, olives, etc., is thrown over
them and the little dark specimens so
well known are called "mission figs.”
Thesiiare only.suitable for food when
first taken from the tree. As the prob-
abilities of horticulture were, dev el-
oped lif*this state, ambitious planters
endeavored to improve on their tig
trees, and introduced different vari-
eties from Asia Minor and places
around the Mediterranean, but none
could be cured in a manner to ren-
der them an article of commerce. It
was realized that ideal eonditions'for
fig culture existed In California when
otiee fruitful trees wereintreduced. In
the early eighties, about 500 cuttings
were secured through the United
States consulate at Smyrna, and wide-
ly distributed over the state, hut they
did not bear satisfactorily. About the
same time, the white Adriatic fig was
Imported from Sicily, planted, prop-
agated, and, for awhile, seemed to
not equal to that of the imported figa,
as only a portion of the female fiowera
had developed seeds, owing to the
crude fertilization.
Similar experiments were carried on
for several years, entailing much labor
with small results. Then various un-
successful efforts were mude to import
the fig wasp. Finally, in April, 1899, two
consignments of Capri tigs, wrapped
in tin foil and packed iu cotton,
reached Fresno, which, on being cut,
were fouud to eoutain live and fully-
developed insects. In June galls con-
taining insects developed iu some of
the Capri tigs, and after years of la-
bor and expenditure the cultivation of
Smyrna tigs became established »n
America.
The cupritication of the fig is simple.
There are, as u rule, three crops of
Cupri figs; one each in spring, summer
und full. It is hoped tliut in the Cali-
fornia climate there will be a fourth.
They are, iu a way, evergreen, the lute
crop remaining on the tree through
the winter, although the leaves full.
In figs there are four distinct kinds of
flow cr», male, female,gall and mule. Fe-
mule flowers are present in the Smy rna
and a few of the summer crop of the
Capris. Gall flowers arc found in all
j the crops of the ( ajiris and in no other
variety. In these the little flg wasps
develop. Mule flowers, or misforined
female blossoms, are found in the lirst
crop of Smyrna and in the Adriatic
ligs. The creamy white color of the
flow ers and the glo>.-y green of the figs
designate the time for caprificution.
It must also lie understood how often
the Smyrna must be cuprified in order
to obtain a maximum crop of fruit
The spring or male crop of Capri figs,
maturing in the Sail Joachin valley in
June, is to be chiefly considered. Mr.
Kocding advises having two varieties
of Capris, one maturing about ten days
later than the other, thus extending
the season, us the Smyrna trees do not
have all their fruits in a receptive stage
at the same time. When the Capri tigs
reach full size, they are watched anil
if male insects are found crawling
around in the fruit when opened, the
female w asp has begun to issue. AIbo,
CALIFORNIA GROWN SMYRNA FIGS.
promise well, but soon showed a ten-
dency to sour on the trees, und was
generally of poor flavor. These or-
chards have, as a rule, either been up-
rooted or are being “worked over"
into true Smyrna fig trees.
In 1885, E. W. Moslin obtained some
Imported Smyrna figs iu San Kranciscq
and planted the seeds, from which
beautiful trees were grown, which
failed to produce fertile seeds, for rea-
sons then unknown. In 1880, F. Uoed-
ing determined to devote special ef-
fort, on his ranch in the San Joachin
valley, to introduce the true Smyrna
fig of commerce In conjunction with its
complement, the wild Cupri fig, and the
fig wasp, in order that flg caprifieotion
in a natural way might he feasible.
His son, G. C. Uopding, has gone on
with the work until, after about 17
years, it has been d< inonstrated thnt
commercial figs may he grown in this
state as well as in Asia Minor.
The first orchard was planted about
seven miles east of Fresno. In 1886,
Mr. Roeding sent Mr. \V. C. West
nbroad to study the whole subject. As
a result, from the Herbeyli district, in
the Meander valley, in Asia Minor, cut-
THE FIG WASP.
(A, Adult Fcir.ale. B. Adult Mu!e. Both
totally Enlarged.)
tings of wild, or Capri, figs, the Lop
livjir, or true fig, and a few other vari-
eties were sent here, planted out und
carefully tended. Meantime, Mr. Roed-
ing was appointed n commissioner of
agriculture by Secretary Wilson, und
toured the whole fig district of Asia
Minor. In 1888 20 acres were set, and
the following year another tract of
equal acreage In 1891 another 20
acres were put out. entirely in Lop
Injir, except a single row of 40 Capri
figs. In 1892 some of the trees came
into bearing, but the fruit failed to de-
velop, although iu 1890 a little fruit
had ajqicared, after an attempt had
been made at artificial fertilization. At
that time some of the Capri tigs had
been opened, some of the pollen taken
from the mnle blossoms, und by means
of a toothpick conveyed Into the ori-
fice of the figs, fertilizing the femnle
flower. Of the half dozen thus treat-
ed sll matured, w hile the others shriv-
eled and fell to the ground when one-
third grown. After the fertilized fruit*
were dried, they were found to con-
tain fertilised seeds, hut the flavor was
the flg muy be pressed between the
fingers. If it gives to the touch, it is
really for picking. Capri figs contain-
ing the wasps are distributed in wire
ines-h baskets, already hung in the
Smyrna trees.
The Capri fig is hollow, to a large ex-
tent, lined with gall flowers, which re-
ceive the wasps' eggs, ut least six weeks
before the mule flow ers, near the eye of
the tig, mature. The wingless mule
crawls from his gall and around In
the tig, and with its mandibles cuts an
opening into the galls where the fe-
males lie, soon after which it dies in-
side the fig. The winged female in-
sect crawls through the opening made
by the mnle in the gall in which she
has lain, out into the flg, and thence
through the male flowers at the ori
flee of the flg. from which its body be-
comes covered with pollen. It then
enters the next crop of Capri figs, de-
positing its eggs in the gall flowers, or.
if its fig has been previously hung in a
Smyrna tree, it forces its way into
the female fig, losing its wings in ihe
process. The pollen which It received
on its body in leaving the Capri male
figs fertilizes the blossoms through
which it crawls when entering the re-
mnle Smyrna figs. The latter having
no gall flowers, it is impossible for the
insect lo lay Its eggs, and it crawls out,
drops to the ground and perishes—
having rendered the propagation of the
Smyrnn fig tree possible us well as th*
production of a fruit otherwise worth-
less. All Smyrna figs thusentered pro-
duce fertile sre^a, end are of fine fla-
vor.
In the San .Toc.-hin valley, they be-
gin to ripen in August,and continue un-
til the last of September. The fruit
falls of itself when nenrly dried. If
Is taken from the ground, dipped in
boiling brine, and placed on travs tc
dry for two days. (Dipping renders
the skin pliable.) It is now placed in
a sweat box. to remain two weeks, mid
washed in salt wafer to remove dirt.
The fruit now goes to the packing
home to be graded and pressed.
It is believed that Smyrna figs may
be cultivated successfully in those por-
tions of the south where the temper-
ature rises to 95 degrees and does not
fall below 18 degrees Fahrenheit, and
where there Is not too great an amount
of fog and rain, ns well as in Arizona
nnd California. Almost any well-
drained soil is sultnhle. The cost and
labor of producing n flg orchard com-
pares favorably with thnt of a grove
of prunes or peaches.
EDWARD JULIAN
lllshtinrat Industry.
A short time agon Sicilian advocate
wus found guilty of 63 different acts of
fraud. For his Industry nnd enthus-
iasm in ilA cause of dishonesty lie was
sentenced to 189 5 cur*’ imprison-
incut.
The Retort Juvenile.
"May,” said Mrs. Cpjohn to her
youngest, “you shock me with your be-
lavior. You are a perfect tomboy.
•Vhy can’t you be like your little play-
mate, Leila Green? tjhe is gentle, soft
voiced, well behaved, and always ludv-
like.”
“Yes," said May, “but so’* her moth-
er."—Chicago Tribune.
The Old Store.
Love reigns as tn the long ago.
Ami still with sorrow ‘Us beset.
And Jimmy Jones Is Romeo
And Sally Hoggs Is Juliet.
—Washington Star.
CONMTKNTlOt'S.
Young Girl—I went to 11 palmist
the other day, nnd he told me such a
lot of lovely things.
Old Girl Oh! they are no good. 1
went to one once. He looked at my
hand, then he looked at my face, and
then he gave me my money buck.—
Ally Sloper.
Turning the Scutes.
The fish are smaller than they wire
When father pulled the line with vigor,
Somehow, our stnti mi nts don't compare.
Our fish are smaller—stories bigger.
—Chicago Record-Hera!d.
An Explanntlou.
"Why is it that wealthy people be-
come so cold und cynical?
"They don’t necessarily,” answered
Mr. Cumrox. “They have their enthu-
siasms. The trouble is that a rich man
can't admire anything without being
solicited to buy it.”—Washington Star.
Frankness.
“I cannot marry yen,” she said.
"Why do you 'suy that?” he de-
manded.
“Because—because I want you to
propose tiguin.”
There's nothing like getting all of
1 luxury thut’s possible.—Chicago Post
Explained.
“Are those pliysiehins jealous of the
success of their collcogne's new opera-
tion?"
“Not a bit of it. The only thing that
makes them envious is his success in
getting it talked about in the uewspa-
(>crs.”—Washington Stur.
In (hr Swim.
rho' moths have spoiled my picnic suit;
My Oxford lies not up to pur;
I'll still remain a gay galoot—
t have my last year'* Panama. .
-N Y. Time*.
LEAVE IT TO HIM.
“If Frank should usk me for a
kiss, I don’t believe 1 could hold iny
head up."
“Don't you worry about that.
Frnnk will hold it up for you if he
knows his business." — Chicago
Chronicle.
The Patient Man.
W« alt admire the patient man.
And vow his method* are the br*t.
But while we praise we oftentimes
Impose on him like all the rent.
—Washington Star.
Matter of Grammar.
Singsong— Hlunkleigh, the hotel
man, was buried yesterday.
Wigwag—So? Of whom did he die?
Singsong—You mean "of what did
he die."
Wigwag -No; who was hi* physi-
cian? -Cincinnati Enquirer.
Under Government's Wins.
'Whar yo* boy now?” some one
asked the old Georgia dnrky.
“De gover'mln’a takin* keer er him."
"Dai so?"
"Yes, sub. lie in de fcd’rul prison,
vvld n nice gray suit on him." -Atlanta
Constitution.
His Experience.
“I’ll," said the boy, looking up from
his hook, “what iloes a mun’a 'better
half’ mean?” ,
'Usually, my son,” replied his father
from behind the evening paper, “she
means exactly what she »ny s.” Phila-
delphia Press.
Easy* to I.ninth.
Mrs. Rriekrow It does a body good
to have Dr. Grlnn when one is tick. Ib-
is always so jolly.
Mr. Ilriekrow You’d In* jolly, too. If
you v.ere getting three dollars for u
j call.- N. Y. Weekly.
Papa aad the Count.
“Tell me frankly, count, how much
you owe.”
“Really, sure, your questione covers
me wiz eonfusloue.”
“That’s all right. Confide in me. Iff
you are to marry my daughter I wank
you to he open and honest. How much
do you owe?’’
“Noosing." »
“Nothing! You owe nothing?"
“Alas, eet ees too title. Nobody weel
trust-a-me.”—Cleveland Plain Dealer.
No Need for Oar.
“But you have no hospital here.”
protested the tenderfoot, “and there’s
»o much violence here, too."
"Vi’lenee nothing!’’ exclaimed thens-
tive. “We don't have no vi’lenee here
an’ we don’t need no hospital. When
one of the boys shoots there ain’t no
job left ’cept for the coroner.”—Chb
cago Post.
Hrr Own Manager.
Upton—I onn’t help pitying Hea-
peck. They say his wife is a terror.
llownton—Henpeok needs no pity.
He is one of the luckiest men I know.
"But his wife?”
“She never worries him abput the
servants."—N. Y. Weekly.
(latte Eneouraalag.
"What would you do if you could play
the piano like I can?” asked the young
lady of the housemaid.
“Sliure an’ Oi wouldn't get discour-
aged at all, at all. Oi’d kape might bn
lamin' till Oi could play it dacenty,”
was the reply.—Tit-Bits.
Phantom.
Just when the sun Is peeping o'er the scene.
The It* rnan plods his way from door to
door;
And when you go to find the lump. I wepn.
You nee a drop of water; nothing more.
—Washington 3lar.
WHERE HE GOT Ot T.
“YVhat? You lout money in thnt
Concatenated Gold Mining Combina-
tion? I thought you said they were
going to let you in on the ground
floor.”
“So they did. 80 they did. Bat
they let me out through the cellar."
—Chicago Tribune.
Poor Crop.
He had a little garden, and
His neighbor had some chickens.
The only thing raised thereabouts
At present Is the dickens.
-N. Y. Times._
* A Csaton.
“Whenever I get an umbrella," said
the prudent citizen, “I put my name
on it.”
“So do I," answered the man with
out a conscience. “The person whe
used to ow n it isn't so likely to identify
it.”—Washington Star.
Whr He Rejoiced.
Farmer Barnes—Yes, poor Josh Med*
ders )vuz run over by an auto, but he
seems happy.
Farmer Hedges—Does the doctor say-
lie eun recover?
Farmer Barnes—No; but the lawyer
does!—Buck.
Slluhtly Vllxcil.
Friend—I understand your husband
is interested in the race question.
Wife Indeed he is not. lie does not
know one horse from another.— l’hilu-
delphiu Ledger.
Woman of It.
Said a maid; “I shall marry for lucre."
Then hrr ms stood right up and shuckre;
But Just the same
When the chance came
The old dame said no word to rtbuckre
Chicago Dally News.
DANGER AHEAD. ANYWAY.
Wear* Walker — I don't know
whether dot sign means "shotgun"
or “health food.” But I don’t take
no chances! Chicago Chronicle
Philosophy.
It's foolish 10 give to sorrow;
You'll llnd that It doesn't pay.
Th>' dug may be on top tu-morrow
That's down at the bottom to-day.
-Cincinnati Enquirer.
There Are tins) Such.
"I’ti, what ia the oldest inhale
It ant?"
“A liar, in most itistuuccs, uiy son.”
^ — Smurt bet.
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Chapman, H. C. Okeene Eagle. (Okeene, Okla.), Vol. 9, No. 38, Ed. 1 Friday, July 10, 1903, newspaper, July 10, 1903; Okeene, Oklahoma. (https://gateway.okhistory.org/ark:/67531/metadc1170454/m1/3/?q=music: accessed July 1, 2024), The Gateway to Oklahoma History, https://gateway.okhistory.org; crediting Oklahoma Historical Society.