The Chandler News. (Chandler, Okla.), Vol. 3, No. 41, Ed. 1 Friday, September 14, 1894 Page: 1 of 8
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VOL! ME 3.
CHANDLER, OKLAHOMA, FRIDAY, SK ITEM HER M 1891
Nl'MBER II
BRIGHT YOUNG (URL.
A WELLESLEY COLLEGE STU-
DENT WHO TALKS TARIFF.
An Example hi Be Kwouraced Among
Students In Other Culleifes Women
Should rnderstaud Wtml ]n-tilve« the
Labor uf tlie'.Uen.
In the gymnasium of Wellesley col-
lege, March J7, 1894, the debating
society called the Agora, which is
composed of select members of the
three upper classes, ami of which Miss
Laughlin was president, held an open
meeting which was largely attended.
The society resolved itself into the
United States senate, the viee-presi-
ilent, Miss Klva II Young of Spring-
Hold, Mass., in the chair, and traws-
Acted business after the manner of
that dignified body. Taking up house
report i, G4 (the Wilson tariff bill as
it then stood), its provisions, and iti-
•identally ,Jhe taritV question in gen-
sral, were discussed by Miss Cecilia
Dickie, '95, of Truro, Nova Scotia,
who was recognized as "the senator
from Wisconsin," and by Miss Jiertha
V Jackson, *94, of Westborougli,
Mass, "the senator from Indiana,"
sn the democratic side, and by
Miss Annie Hamblin Peaks,
Df Dover, Maine, "the senator
from Massachusetts," and Miss
-ail Hill Laughlin, '9i, of Portland,
Maine, "the senator from Rhode Is-
'and," on the republican side. Ail of
their speeches would have done credit
to the senators whom they assumed
*o represent. The speakers used na
manuscript Mind scarcely referred to
notes, and all of thein spoke with
fine elocution.
The speech of Miss Laughlin at-
tracted far more than local attention,
and won commendation from tariff
experts and distinguished men.
Miss (Jail II. Laughlin was born in
Robbinston, Maine, May 7, lsij.8, and
is of Scotch and Scotch-Irish descent.
In 1871 she moved to Pembroke, where
her father died when she was only 7
vcars old.
In November, 1 s7•. -die moved to
St Stephen, N. 11. Her stay there
A'as a series of word-battles on be-
half of the advantages of her native
tand. In August, i.----. she moved to
Portland, her present home. The
campaign of that year marked the be-
ginning of an intelligent interest in
politics and a real knowledge of party
issues.
In 1SSO Mis'- Laughlin graduated
from the Portland high school
with first honors. Within a week
after graduation she was at work
both for her living and for the
money to enable her to secure the col-
<ge education for which she longed.
After four years, during the last year
of which she was head bookkeeper for
Charles Iv .lo.se A Co. of Portland
Miss Laughlin entered Wellesley
One of her iirst acts there was the
formation, in connection with her
friend, Miss Maud Thompson of New
York, of a political club, now the
Agora, before which the following
speech was delivered. Of this society
Miss Laughlin has been president
throughout her college course. Dur-
1'1that, t^ne tlit• society the '-enter
of progress and (independent thought
—has grown to be the largest and
most influential one in Wellesley.
Miss Laugnlin intends ultimately to
study law.
In the course of her remarks Miss
Laughlin said:
"The great mistake of the demo-
cratic party is dividing the people in-
to consumers and producers. We are
all consumers, we are all producers.
The farmer consumes the product of
the manufacturer, the manufacturer
consumes the products of the farmer.
Republican policy was crjstali/.ed
<n the McKinley bill. True to the
• ! re ell [:• • • . • w'n.
•an not be produced in this country,
except luxuries, and puts a duty suf-
t rent to measure the difference in
the cost of production on all articles
which are or can be produced to
tl is country. Nor is the McKinley
bill a return to the old war taritV.
Those who. claim it is are guilty of
the grossest ignorance or the most
u. | ble per ver ion *>f I'aei e
average rate of duty in the McKinley
bill is lower.than that of any other
protective tariff act in this century
except the compromise tariff of 1 S.J'
lower than the free trade tai iff of Is!
The McKinley bill puts on the free list
55 per cent of our imports, puts an
average tariff of 4. percent on the re- j
maining 4."> per cent, making an avtf-
lut.w /in nil imnnr's nf tihmit 21
per cent The Walker tariff put a
duty of 25 per cent on 88 per cent of '
our imports, making an average duty
on all imports of about 25 per cent
[ApplaAse.J The rate under the Mc-
Kinley bill is lower on an average,
but the principle is different.
Nor has the McKinley bill created a
Chinese wall about the country. Dur-
; iug the first year of its operation
| both exports and imports in-
i creased. It has protected labor.
I The reports of the labor com-
missioners of New York, Massachu-
setts and Indiana have proved this, It
1 did not increase the cost of living.
The report of the senate committee of
, investigation showed this. It has
• created new industries."
0 .
lurid*!rial l*rotfr«>Mrt of Chili.
Through the bureau of American re-
publics of the department of state we
learn that tho.i hil< an government has
vigorously taken up the question of
industrial progress and seeks the co-
operation of the local agricultural,
mining and manufacturing societies.
In order to augment the productive
manufacturing power of Cfcili, the
Society for the Promotion of Manu-
factures lias suggested to the govern-
ment that the sum of 8000,000 be dis-
bursed annually, for a number of
years, as premiums for the establish-
ment of certain industries, to be di-
vided as follow-
To Amount.
Ironworks capable of producing a
certain number of tons of iron
per annum" $200.000
Cotton mill 50.000
Linen factory 50.000
Nitrate of potash factory 25,000
Superphosphate factory 25,000
Class factory 50,000
Earthenware factory 50,000
Sack factory 50,000
Hat factory 25,000
White paper factory 35.(MM)
Match factory, wax or wood 25,000
This attempt t<? foster and develop
the production of manufacturing en-
terprises in Chile is to be supple-
mented by extensively advertising
the possibilities of that country in
these several directions. To the manu-
facturers in the I nited States it opens
up a prospect for further competition,
especially in South American trade,
which is of equal interest to both
labor and capital.
.Against American Cheese.
The editorial stall of the New York
Herald has begun to write school-boy
essays o UP the tariff brought about by
the possibility of the editors beitjg un-
able to enjoy* such luxuries as English
Cheshire cheese or choice Dutli Edams
as cheaply as they can buy wholesome
American cheese. Their lament is
that the .specific duty together with
the transatlantic freight in one of
the foreign steamship lines, for
which Mr. James Gordon Uennett
is always endeavoring to secure
freight at the expense of American
shipping, will prevent the general con-
sumption of English Cheshire che.'se
and choice Dutch Edams, because
they "will be far too high for the
pocketbooks of most Americana"
- >
•
naturally create a grefttei demand for
American cheese among cheese eaters.
Consequently, while it is true that "the
government will deriye but a trifling
revenue," it is not true that the
American farmer will derive no bene-
fit.'' Any tariff that prohibits the
importation of foreign goods increases
the demand for similar 'American
goods, and this is the aim and object
of a protective taritV. The theories of
the Herald's schoolboy economist are
not as good as his appetite for English
Cheshire cheese and Dutch Edams.
We can hardly blame them for this
appetite for foreign delicacies, as it is
the result of the teachings promul
gated by Mr. James Gordon Bennett
in his anti-American paper.
The ProriiQ-al'g lieittni.
IVOR'S
ASTOR'S FIRST M0XEY.
CURIOUS ENTRIES FOUND IN
THE OLD LEDGERS.
Hook* MUmIiix For Seventy Year*. John
Jaeoli Alitor Charged "CoiiiiiiIbbIoiim"
to Purchasers a* lli^h as Twenty-Five
Per Cent.
[Spccial Correspondence. |
S THIS IS THE
story of a man who
started life with $2
and ended with
$20,000,000, it is
evident that some
very extraordinary
fcifc bargains must have
. been struck.
The year was 1783
and John Jacob
Astor was 20 years
of age. Ilis first salary was SI2.', per
year, with a fur dealer. It was not
long before John discovered a way to
make a few shillings for himself. lie
made it a practice to trade a little and
to talk to all the Indians, asking them
where they hunfed their furs, where
the best trapping grounds were, and
so on, and, in a very short time, young
Astor had accumulated a fund of very
valuable information. lie then s'et
out for himself, carrying his pack on
his back and roving* at will through
the well nigh impenetrable wilder-
ness. It is said that John Jacob Astor
acquired a knowledge of New York
state equalled by no man in his time,
and such was his sagacity and fore-
sight that he pointed out the places
where, in the near future, great cities
would one day be built.
The traffic that Astor plied with the
Indians was based on a large'return
being in the vicinity of Michilimacki-
nac, where Astor's trading post was
located. From here they roved over
the entire country in bands. They
carried with them a cargo of small
articles, to be offered in trade.
i en 40 years of age John Jacob
Astor embarked in what he called his
*'greft national adventure.'* This
was the American Fur company, some
of the books of which are now in my
possess,ion. Montreal was then tlfe
center of the fur trade. The North-
western company, founded in 1783,
had twenty-three shareholders and
two thousand employes. There were
an elaborate number of merits and
services, which the clerk must go
through ere he could hope for ad-
vancement. He must endure the toils
and privations of the woods for a
period of seven years, living with the
Indians. Young fellows entered the
career with delight They took lu-
dian wives, one, two, three, and
around them grew a circle of half-
breed children. License and revelry
chtfracteri/.ed the doings of the share-
holders at Montreal.
Lewes and Clark had ascended the
Missouri and li^id discovered and ex-
plored the upper waters of the
Columbia. This tired the fancy of Mr.
Astor. His enterprise was to establish
a line of outposts across the country.
Astoria was to carry the germ of an
independent civilization. There was
to bo a coasting trade along the
Pacific. Every year a ship was to be
sent from New York. The furs that
had accumulated were then to be sent
to Canton, the proceeds invested in
tea, which was to be brought to New
^ ork, where it would command a high
figure. Mr. Jefferson, referring to
the plan, said: "I look forward with
great satisfaction to the time w hen
the descendants of Astoria shall spread
themselves over the whole coast,cover-
^ARM AND GARDEN. 1 should be supplemented by another
door, thus insuring freedom from
! gusts of cold air when the door is
! open. Hut in most cases this is unnec-
essary. as there will be an entrance
from the house above or from some
other room. As to shape of beds,
there is no prescribed rule. The above
cut f hows only one form. They can
be made Mat if desired, or put in a box
or on a shelf.
Some growers on a small scale uti-
lize old casks,sawing them in two, and
using both ends. In such a case holes
should be bored in the bottom of each
tub, and a layer of soil placed in first.
The stable manure is then put in,
sometimes mixed with a small propor-
tion of loam. The greater part should, ,
however, consist of manure. When
IATTERS OF INTEREST TO
AGRICULTURISTS
Botue Up to !> « Ilint«« About Cultiva-
tion of the ?*oll and Yields Thereof —
Horticulture \itlculture Miid Flori-
culture.
Culture of Mushroom *.
Some time ago a correspondent of
the Farmers' Review requested mora
information on the growing of tnush-
rooms, which we promised to give when
opportunity presented. We will de-
vote this article to the' culture of
uushrooms in buildings, because such
culture is the only kind that is advis-
able during the remainder of the year.
We hope that some of our readers will
take interest in the subjectsutHciently
to begin cultivating them on a small
scale. The outlay is small and the
vork not hard. Hesides, mushrooms
«ire not particular as to conditions, and
may be grown in cellars, barns and
other outhouses, especially old green
houses. We believe that many a family
might grow mushrooms with little
trouble, qnd find in them a valuable
food product, even if the family of the
grower consumed the entire crop.
Mushrooms are very nutritioua This
is contrary to the idea of those that
know nothing of them. Most people
suppose, because of their rapid growth,
that they are unsubstantial in tex-
ture and can possess little of food
value. On the contrary, it is doubtful
if there be any other vegetable
possessing a like amount, of nutri-
ment. The statement is made that
mushrooms .possess as much nutriment.
BPMPHP
<
"« It A M 11) A f, Ml SlIUo.tM UK I IN < : I I \ ft
■m—u'ii-
* 5f „ f
J V
OLD MISSION < HUK< II, MA« K IN AC.
WHILE THE LAMP I
[TUB VII EST SI \ M
[>- OCT TO in UN
Where the i inner Feelt* II.
n.M-
trade caused a falling off in the con
sumption of corn from ' ;3 bushels
"
2.' .GO bushels, a loss < Q.i' r bushels.
1 his decreased the total demand for
corn by 450,22'.. 000 bushels and the
farmers know well that they got less
money for their corn in ls'. 3 than in
1S92. When people arc busy and
it
hauling of good- and more wor!< 1 t
horses. A teamster earning good
wages can feed his horses well, but
when he is barely able to feed himseli
lie must cut down the rations of his
horses. Projection means j ro- erity
to the teamster and conseqututly t<
for a small consideration. Hut how;
small the outlay was, and how large •
the profits, was not fully brought
home to me until I possessed some ot
• 4
pany.
A bit of red paint, some glass beads,
or other baubles, were exchanged for
valuable skins. The Indian loved
finery, loved furs, loved beads, but he
loved fire water best of all I saw
records which told ho v. Mr Ast< not
infrequently charged Mr Lo as much
as 810 a quart for whisky . In ill the
.j
any statement as to the relative dilu-
tion by water. Mr. Astor found out
very soon that he could buy a beaver
r
for SS and reinvest the procee i in
cutlery, which would retail in New
York for siO. He kept this sort ol
It.,; jgMt
'
MAIN sTHIi IT l.VOI.T) MACK I > \<. •>
thine up for a good many year and,
when he tired of it, he entered the ten
tfade with China, for he had learne.
that there was no fur market in the
world e-jual to ti.at of the ( «
empire.
He was aided in his endeavor- by hif
corps of French woodsmen, or ' ■.
ageurs." Their manners, like their!
dress, were half savage. They spoke
a piebald language. They were evei
i
whisky, they were never without it
■
while with their throats they kept the
streams vocal with their merry I-rencb
songs. These men lived aud had their
ing i! with free and independent
\ Mi. ' I lis. ■ ti ■ ■ . . , ' , , I ■ I:,it
by tin tii's of blood and interest, ajjd
enjoying, like us, the rights of self-
government. .The Amer'ean l urcom
pany w.is to perform this patrioth
duty. It had a capital of -•'1.000,000.
•
One day a r•: •• peddler ofVcred to sell
some old "books to a western paint
manufacturer. Ford II. Rogers. Th-
bargain was struck for a small sum
It a terward developed that the book
consis'cd*of the blotter, two ledgers,
two journals and one invoice of the
American I ur company, John ,laco«
Astor «v Son, proprietors, department
ol the nort h. t'r< n 17 ti ■ I ><•
northern department, with branches
at Mackin ieand Montreal. The books
are in a fair state of preservation.
in calf, the bindings being firm an<i
discolored by rune. he ink is bright
ami strong The handwriting would
be the pride of any bookkeeper. Tin
c«>'it i.n abo ;t one thousand { <•-
each, of the best gla/.ed ledger paper
Here and there a page is lo.Tied.
1 he rulings have all been made by
• n .. ■ e-i: ry .
other item- one showing that 1
v ■ ' ' Mo.1t r. I to I v
. inn ii
values, the other for American. M m
i -counts in the ledgers contain i .rnres
that even in these days would be
V
'
balance was - .' •$, \ \ Dec. l - •.
: * was - I i i, i i s:;T.
8181, J27. and March l it |
amounted to si '' ">44.40.
pound for poup.l, as ix-ef. This is
doubtless a fact, as mushrooms take in
oxygen and throw oif carbonic
acid gas. as do animals, while nearly-
all vegetables do the opposite; that is,
throw off oxy gen and take in carbonic
acid gas.
To those living within ea * reach of
cities, the culture of mushrooms pre-
sents a means of revenue. The de-
mand for mushrooms is large and
prices are high. France supplies most
of the mushrooms used in American
hotels and restaurants, and rven then
canned goods have to be used. With
an increase in the supply of fresh
mushrooms would come an increase in
the demand It seems strange that
American gardeners have so long neg-
lected growing this delicious vege-
table.
In France caves and cellars are used
extensivelv for the growing of mush-
rooms. Most of our frunners have
cellars, either in hou e or barns, that
are suited for this vegetable. A few
requisites are necessary: the cellar
should be warm, dry and dark. Drafts
by means of do and windows are to
be avoided, where the .draft would
come immediately over the mush-
room beds.
Temperature and moi ture should
be uniform, from day to day, a . near-
ly as possible. Sudden fluctuations
of temperature or of moisture are not
desirable. These are, however, but
the requisites of a ood cellar, and
therefore any one that ha a really
good cellar can grow mushrooms. In
some parts of the east where the mar-
ket gardeners are beginning to grow
mushrooms on a large scale, cellars
are bein/ built for this purpo. • alone
A M I'SIIKOOM HOUSE.
the tub is half full of this soil and
manure, put in the spawn, and fill
up the tub with manure and earth
well pressed down. The manure or
compost may be rounded up if so
desired.
During the fall months, at least,
mushrooms may be grown in the sheds
or barns. If the beds are to be ex-
hauste4 during the summer and fall
months even the open sheds might be
used, especially when they are in pro-
tected localities. It will be safer to use
closed sheds, as then the beds will
survive any sudden fall frosts. In the
cow shed, the horse stable, the car-
riage house and tool sheds may be
found warm corners where mushroom
beds will thrive. If the shed is with-
out a window, so much the better, as
darkness is desired. If there is no
room on the tloor a shelf may be con-
structed on a side or in a corner. This
has the advantage of being out of the
reach of rats and mice. The beds
should be made and treated the same
as tho, vconstructed upon the floor or
ground, and are said to be as product-
ive. These beds will not do in winter
after water will freeze in the sheds,
unless they are carefully covered each
night It la best M/ use thein only for
summer and fall production.
The methods we have mentioned
above may be easily adopted by nearly
! all readers of the Farmer's Review*
f The growing of mushrooms in green
I houses applies to comparatively few—
those that have green houses, or that
desire to conduct regular mushroom
houses. Hot houses arc generally too
warm for the mushrooms to do well in
them. (Jreen houses are better, as the
temperature is more suitable for the
growth. Nearly all green houses are
suitable, and the beds can be placed
in parts that are not used for other
things, as under benches. As most
plants can not grow in the dark, dark
places can be the better utilized for
this purpose. In cool weather the
i beds may bo covered with straw or
i old carpets to keep the temperature
from getting too low. Above we show
an illustration of a house made
especially for growing mushrooms. It
is a sort of green house, but no glass
enters into its construction, being un-
necessary and also a detriment. The
build in:1- is especially designated for
. V/.- 'J « 'A M?®*
' O • ■■ -O
V •• y
If it pays to excavate and build cel-
lars for this crop it certainly will pay
are to be grown in the winter as well
.. w
taken to make the < liar impervious
be on a large scale If only a small
experiment wit : cellar just as
it is, to save expense. If the
culture is in su ; «;ient magnitude
to warrant the outia make the win-
dow tight for the w ter, by hav.ng
double sash. Thi is needed anyway
in most cellars to protect the vegeta-
bles stored there for winter keep. If
a door opens into the open a : it
SHELF BED IX 8TAIH.I .
growing mushrooms throughout the
year without the use of artificial
heat It is built with the idea
of rendering it independent of
outside atmospheric conditions. An
excavation is first made like a
small cellar, and the dirt taken from
th is excavation is subsequently used
for banking up. The walls are built
hollow, thus giving a dead air space.
1: . ; • , • inked up to the eves
of the roof. 1'he roof may be thatched
w.ith reeds, slabs or anything that will
keep out air and rain. A hollow space
maybe left in the roof to be filled with
sawdust. The lloor may be of burnt
clay, or any material that will give a
dry, hard surface. Drains may be
necesi a.-y to keep the place free of
Pii ivf.i:'< \i i i i:- —Take ripe, hard,
apples are perfect leave them whole,
otherwise cut in quarters. To a peck
an ounce of mac, half an ounce of
r f of
tard seed, a few pepper grains and a
lit/tie salt. Heat the vinegar and
sugar together till it boils, skim well
put the spices into a thin muslin bag
and ad I to the vinegar, then put
in the apples. Place over the fire, and
stew slow" i n ti I the apples are soft.
Then take out the apples, let the vine-
-ar boy down and pour it over the
fruit; cover and put away.
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Gilstrap, H. B. & Gilstrap, Effie. The Chandler News. (Chandler, Okla.), Vol. 3, No. 41, Ed. 1 Friday, September 14, 1894, newspaper, September 14, 1894; Chandler, Oklahoma. (https://gateway.okhistory.org/ark:/67531/metadc116520/m1/1/?q=wichita+falls: accessed June 25, 2024), The Gateway to Oklahoma History, https://gateway.okhistory.org; crediting Oklahoma Historical Society.