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The Trials of Will Johnson: Race-blind Justice in the First Year of Oklahoma Statehood

Description: Article describes the state of race relations in Oklahoma during the early 1900s through the examination of the trials, appeals, and execution of Will Johnson, a black man charged with the murder of an elderly white woman. Though African Americans held nearly equal status in the territorial period, the case's proceedings indicate the trial as a "benchmark" that indicated the switch to the rigidity of the Jim Crow era.
Date: Autumn 2003
Creator: Hedglen, Thomas
Partner: Oklahoma Historical Society

Capital Punishment and the United States Court for the Indian Territory

Description: Article describes the history of capital punishment in the section of Indian Territory that was attached to Arkansas Territory for judicial purposes. After calling for the creation of a "resident court," a local court was finally established to give inhabitants of Indian Territory jurisdiction over crime in their area, and Von Russell Creel discusses the resulting cases in detail.
Date: Summer 2003
Creator: Creel, Von Russell
Partner: Oklahoma Historical Society

On the Gallows' Edge: Capital Punishment, Appeals, and Presidential Clemency in Indian Territory, 1896-1907

Description: This article continues Von Creel's study of the administration of justice in Indian Territory courts and expands upon the application of capital punishment. Von Creel details the cases of nine individuals who were convicted of capital crimes but who escaped hanging. Their stories involve the complicated legal processes of appeal, application for presidential clemency, commutation of sentence, and post-verdict motions.
Date: Summer 2006
Creator: Creel, Von Russell
Partner: Oklahoma Historical Society
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