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"Peculiarly Situated Between Rebellion and Loyalty": Civilized Tribes, Savagery, and the American Civil War

Description: Article discusses the concept of "savagism" in the context of participation of the "Five Civilized Tribes" in the Civil War. Tom L. Franzmann investigates details and accounts of brutal practices conducted by both white and American Indian soldiers during the war and deconstructs the ideas that perpetrated society during the time.
Date: Summer 1998
Creator: Franzmann, Tom L.
Partner: Oklahoma Historical Society

With Folded Arms? Or with Squirrel Guns? The IWW and the Green Corn Rebellion

Description: Article discusses the uprising that became known as the Green Corn Rebellion, an organization of tenant farmers in the Working Class Union to protest draft laws. Nigel Sellars examines its lack of connection with the Industrial Workers of the World despite public anti-radicalist assumptions.
Date: Summer 1999
Creator: Sellars, Nigel Anthony
Partner: Oklahoma Historical Society

Butternut and Blue: Confederate Uniforms in the Trans-Mississippi

Description: Article describes the issues faced by the Confederate Army when their government could not supply uniforms for the troops while they were in the field, contributing to their ragtag appearance. Whit Edwards dwells on some of the difficulties this caused, including the yellowed look of unlaundered uniforms creating the "butternut" nickname for troops.
Date: Winter 1995
Creator: Edwards, Whit
Partner: Oklahoma Historical Society

Crisis of Command: The Hindman/Pike Controversy over the Defense of the Trans-Mississippi District

Description: Article describes the conflict that occurred between two Confederate officers, General Thomas C. Hindman and General Albert Pike, over the defense of Indian Territory. Thomas W. Kremm and Diane Neal discuss how this conflict impacted the military situation in the area.
Date: Spring 1992
Creator: Kremm, Thomas W. & Neal, Diane
Partner: Oklahoma Historical Society

Occupying the Middle Ground: African Creeks in the First Indian Home Guard, 1862-1865

Description: Article explores the participation of the first African Americans to join the federal army in the Civil War, the First Indian Home Guard. This regiment was a tri-racial unit in which free blacks and former slaves served many roles, including the role of translator for Creek and Seminole soldiers.
Date: Spring 1998
Creator: Zellar, Gary
Partner: Oklahoma Historical Society

Comanche Captives: People Between Two Worlds

Description: Article illustrates the history of conflict between white and Hispanic settlers and the Comanche Indians, providing details about the Comanche practice of raiding forts and taking human captives to trade for goods. Michael Tate explores some of the literature written by survivors of captivity as well as some of the related conflicts that occured.
Date: Autumn 1994
Creator: Tate, Michael L.
Partner: Oklahoma Historical Society

Deadly Currents: John Ross's Decision of 1861

Description: Article expounds on the situation Chief John Ross faced as leader of the Cherokees during the Civil War. Ari Kelman provides details about factionalism within the Cherokee Nation, the impossibility of neutrality during wartime with pressures from both Federal and Confederate armies, and the personal political intentions of the Cherokee leader.
Date: Spring 1995
Creator: Kelman, Ari
Partner: Oklahoma Historical Society

William Penn Adair: Cherokee Slaveholder and Indian Freedom Advocate

Description: Article explores the seemingly paradoxical life of William Penn Adair, a mixed-blood Cherokee who was both a slaveholder at one point and an advocate for the rights of American Indians. Paul Kelton draws connections between these two aspects of his life and investigates the meaning behind his beliefs.
Date: Spring 1999
Creator: Kelton, Paul
Partner: Oklahoma Historical Society

All that Glitters, Assaying S. H. Logan's "Trip to the Gold Fields"

Description: Article provides a thorough examination of S.H. Logan's "Trip to the Gold Fields," an account allegedly compiled from the writings of an emigrant who had joined Captain Randolph B. Marcy on a gold-seeking expedition to California, which was published in the Arkansas Gazette in 1941. Since it has been cited as a primary source, Stephen H. Dew exposes certain areas of the account that may be fabricated in comparison to more factual and evidentiary sources.
Date: Autumn 1993
Creator: Dew, Stephen H.
Partner: Oklahoma Historical Society
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