The Oklahoma Herald. (El Reno, Okla. Terr.), Vol. 4, No. 45, Ed. 1 Thursday, March 2, 1893 Page: 1 of 8
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VOL 4
EL RENO, OKLAHOMA, TY., THURSDAY, MARCH 2, 189:*.
NO 45
NOTES OF SCIENCE.
Latest achievements in the
PROGRESSIVE HELD.
An Invention to Increase the Speed of
the Sprinter—A House for KaiiMi
Tornadoes—Miscellaneous Assort meat
■of Wonder Workers.
Cyclone Houses.
A structure for use in countries
vhere hurricanes and cyclones are lia-
ble to occur, and which will afford a
secure temporary shelter during the
heaviest storms, is shown in the ac-
companying* illustration and has been
invented by a Kansas man. A num-
ber of posts are arranged in a circle
and inclined to connect with each
other at the top, forming a conical
shell, the lower ends of the posts be-
ing firmly secured to horizontal anchor
beams some distance below the surface
of the ground. This framework is cov-
ered by a sheathing of heavy planks,
the top layers of which are nailed one
upon the other and shaped to form a
rounded top. The plank covering ex-
tends a short distance below the
ground, and this covering is metal
clad, making an earth connection for
electrical currents, conducting wires
also leading from the lower edge of
the covering further down into the
ground. A heavy door, also covered
jara and vibrations common to vehicle!
that are driven over rough roads or
upon street pavements when ordinary
wheels of rigid construction at^ em-
ployed. Surrounding the outside fof
the periphery of the wheel, and ia
close contact with the tire, are a series
of independent springs, which form
the outer tread of the wheel; these
springs are so arranged as to work in
conjunction with each other, and, when
moving under a heavy load, their free
ends are sprung in toward the rim,
coinciding with the true or working
periphery of the wheel, the springs
not coming in contact with the plane
until the spring is nearly under the
center of gravity. In this way the
spring resistance is used in sustaining
the load, and not retarding the move-
ment of the wheel—the springs, after
passing the center of gravity exerting
a force against the plane over which
they are passing to force the wheel
ahead, thus making, as is claimed, a
wheel that is not only easy riding, but
easy propelling as well.
THE CYCLONE HOUSE.
«y sheet metal, allows access to *ne
interior, which is suitably floored and
is provided with a circular seat. In
the top are a number of vertical venti-
lating pipes or tubes, and there is also
an underground ventilating pipe, ter-
minating in the outer air just outside
the building and affording an ample
circulation of air within when the door
is tightly closed.
For Preventing Collisions.
A novel arrangement for preventing
collisions between their cars at rail-
way crossings with passing locomo-
tives has been adopted for the electric
street railway in Rochester, Pa. On
each side of the crossing, which con-
sists of four tracks, a derailing switch
is placed, the normal position of this
switch being open, that is, a car pass-
ing over it will be derailed; connected
with this switch is a series of levers
extending to the other side of the
crossing, at which point is located a
hand lever, by the use of which the
switch can be closed and the oar al-
lowed to proceed without being de-
railed. The operator in handling the
switch retains his hold upon the lever
until the car has passed the point,
as immediately upon his releas-
ing it the switch opens auto-
matically. The poin* here relied
upon is that as a far approaches the
cross
Metallising Textile Fabrics.
Two interesting announcements are
made in the French papers, one of
these being the discovery of a process
for metallizing textile fabrics, by
which, as is claimed, the latter are
rendered proof against the attacks of
insects. The materials, such as wool,
flannel, calico, etc., are for this pur-
pose immersed about an hour in a boil-
ing bath composed of two and one-half
pounds of sulphate of copper, one
pound of sulphuric acid, and sixty-two
gallons of water, the fabric being
calendered and dried after its removal
from the fluid. The finish obtained
by this process will, it is said, bear
two or three washings before it is
again necessary to subject the cloth to
a repetition of the operation. Another
process deserving of mention, as of
similar ingeniousness and utility, is a
practical application of the well-known
fact that a thin layer of magnetic oxide
of iron will protect articles made of
wrought or cast iron, the method, as
now proposed, being to coat the sur-
face of the iron or steel by electro-de-
position with some metal or alloy
which is capable of being volatized at
about 2,000 degrees; the article is then
placed in the furnace heated to this
temperature, the iron becomesoxidized
—but only to the magnetic oxide stage
—the metallic coating in the meantime
volatilizing, and the whole operation
requiring but a few minutes.
WOMAN AND HOME.
8laCU Surface Planer*.
Recent improvements have been
made in single surface planers which,
it is asserted immensely increase the
power of that wonderful machine. One
of th«se, and the most notable, con-
sists in the 3 inch sectional rolls, so
desigved as to take different thick-
nesses of stock—that is, one of these
sections will rise three-eights of an inch
abov# another, allowing this extent ol
variation in the stock. The bar is alse
mads in sections to correspond to the
roll, thus securing equal pressure
throughout—this idea of sectional rolls
allowing the feeding of several pieces
of stock of varying thicknesses simul-
taneously. The feed is operated by a
lever at the front end, and by mean4
of friction clutches the speed is altered
without leaving any mark in the board.
..ossing'ThV^on^uctorshalf^t a* j Tho back pressure is operated by i
cross the tracks and, by the use of ttt, surew' whlch- onc? set" =1 «nPe'1 >.
lever, hold the derailing switch closed P< tt.on. and front roll pressure .9
until the car has passed. One derail- i «lven by """f^ts and the back spiral
ing switch and a hand lever are located j sPri * 'Ihe sPeed of U,c «
1 4,000 revolutions per minute; the bed
is raised on inclines regulated by
screws on each side of the machine,
and are operated t>y a handle at the
each side of the track, but, in com
ing fcoui either direction, the tracks
must be crossed in order to operate
the hand lever which controls the
switch on the side of the track from
which the approach is made. A regu-
lar block signal system is also main-
tained, thus reducing the delays at
sidings to a minimum.
front. All the shafts are carried in
self-oiling boxes, and all oil holes are
accessible while the machine is in mo-
tion. ~i
I.It hocarlionif Properties.
The extensive introduction of the
peculiar mineral known as lithocarbon
is said to be probable. It is claimed
that it makes a perfect insulator,
that as a paint it will resist heat or
gases of any kind, that it is capable of
being rolled into a tissue free from odor
and that it is practically indestructible
when employed in the production of
mackintoshes, canvas belting, water-
proof tents, etc. Further, it possesses
peculiar powers, such as enable it to
enter and till the pores of iron and
steel, rendering those metals imper-
vious to acids; common leather is ren-
dered waterproof by it; by application
to wood pulp, a transformation of that
material is effected into a substance
that looks or acts like ebony or horn:
and the saturation of a ships' plates
with hot lithocarbon is declared to
frustrate the attack of barnacles, and
the plate will neither rust nor foul;
and a piece of sheet iron covered with
lithocarbon japan is stated to have
been subject to an actual heat of 41 r>
degrees F. without crack or blister, re-
maining so tenacious that the iron
oould be bent at any angle without
disturbing the glossy surface. A„rain,
for varnishing railway and private
carriages, painting iron bridges, roofs,
steamships, houses, etc , this material
is au insulator, and is said not to crack
or blister under any known atmos
theric temperature.
To Prevent Jolts and Jars-
riy means of a simple arrangement,
lately brought forward, it is found
practicable to prevent the jolt* and
to mcreaie Sprinting Speeo.
"Fatty*' Thompson, an Australian
sprinter, has invented a device by
which a runner may materially in-
crease his speed. In fact, 44Fatty,"
THE SPtttNTI.YQ I'BOPRM.RIi.
with its aid, recently lowered the 10C
yard record from 10 seconds to 7l<;, a
feat that was simply astounding tc
athletes the world over.
Thompson's device consists of a
hinged board fitted to a handle. Th*
sprinter uses one of these with each
hand. As he pushes it forward the
two sections fold back against th«
handle and offer no resistance to the
air, but when his arm is fully extended
and he begins to pull it back the flapt
open and offer a good deal of resistance
to the air. Thus as he pulls his arm
back he pnlls his body forward, hav«
ing anchored his fists in the air. so U
speak. This scheme allows a man, ai
it were, to run with hands and feet al
the same time, and is quite worthy o1
Australia.
current gossip and notes
of the modes.
A Chapter on Honnets and Hair Dress-
ing—The Evening Coiffure—The Elsa
Bonnet—The Metalla Hat—Faahlou
Notes.
Women Not Ambitious Enough.
A typewriter employed in the office
of a prominent real estate firm of St.
Paul has such accurate knowledge of
the realty of the city that she is often
consulted in preference to her employ-
ers. One of the firm said that if she
were a man he would be the office boy
himself,so great is her business ability:
yet she receives only the regular type-
writer's salary. Another woman in
the West has for fifteen yeai s con-
ducted a large insurance business for
the regular agent. He receives the
agent's profits, she a meagre salary.
Men clerks and stenographers claim
that their chief reluctance to women's
entering these different lines of busi-
ness is that the women reduce the
salaries paid, not because of their num-
ber, but because they are too easily
satisfied with small pay and arc not
ambitious enough for promotion.
Evonlng Colfl'urfe
A very dressy coiffure that needs
only the use of the curling irons to re-
produce. Divide the hair in six or
seven strands and curl the ends over
the largest sized tongs. Gather these
up into st loose knot at the back. The
tendrils in the neck are made curly
over small tongs. A bunch of ribbon
and a rose are set at the front of the
carelessly graceful knot. ^
Cracker Jars, Etc.
Cracker jars, fruit and ice cream
dishes are exquisitely lovely in the
new designs with gold and silver fili-
gree of network over them, so fine
that it resembles lace. Flower jars
come also in these designs. The most
useful are the glass dishes which come
out of the metal covering. It can be
washed and replaced after using.
Low chairs, with cretonne cushions,
and low, shoat benches, also cush-
ioned, are "slipper seats" that short
women, or, indeed, any women, find
especially useful.
Banana dishes for individual serv-
ing. The newest and most exquisite
of all the season's novelties in china.
Narrow, like a folded leaf, with handle
at tne end. In cream color, with dead-
gold decoration: china, Limoges.
Arranging Rooms.
fn furnishing and arranging woms
the fact that to produce the best re-
sults one color should dominate should
be borne in mind, further more, this
dominant color should be either a
primary or secondary, and all other
tints must be subsidiary to it. In al-
most every instance the mo6t perfect
and beautiful harmonv is produced by
employing neutral tints for the large
masses and then giving an airy deli-
cacy to the whole by the introduction
of small masses in the primary second-
ary colors,that they may form a proper
contrast to the prevailing hue.
Another point that should be borne in
mind is that the eye is never quite
satisfied when all the primal colors are
Cot present in some form.
Metalla Hat, .♦
in private life is Mrs. Stannard, foi
the purpose of repulsing the invasion
before it has time to get a stroug hold
on the feminine fancy, yet when one
sees this quaint dress worn by a prettj
girl it seems quite as becoming as the
styles to which we are more accus-
tomed
A White Cushioned Divan
A divan piled with white cushions,
whose snowiness came from their sheer
lawn covers, edged all around with i
double ruffle of soft mull,gave a toucl
of freshness to an apartment recentlj
seen. A riot of cushions and rugi
still seems the furnishing ambition ol
most women. And to vary her cush-
ions is one of the problems of the mod
ern chatelaine. A unique cushior
given to a bride by her sister was com-
posed of bits off every gown in liei
trousseau skillfully and artistically ap-
pliqued upon a square of the whiti
faille wedding gown.
Natlnette and Muleikln.
For the coming season satinette,
moleskin and satin sheeting will b(
used for scarfs, table covers and por-
tieres. These are stained on light
grounds indelicate fiowers and leaves
or large, bold designs of scroll work
or dises in the old Persian colors. This
is worked around in tilo flosses oi
heavy raw silk, in the corresponding
colors. These patterns cover the arti
cle all over and give it a very orienta
look. The finish tc scarf or portiere
should be heavy Persian fringe.
At the Feet of Parierewskl.
Now that Paderewskl is again among
us anecdotes of the adulation to which
he is forced to submit are in order.
The London Times gives us this—tlx
latest: "At one of his last recitals a
woman so debased herself as to fall
literally upon her face at his feet—i
proceeding which was certainly as un
comfortable for the pianist as it was
lowering for the woman. The inci-
dent, however, had the happy effect o
bringing the other wotneu in the audi-
ence to their senses."
Fashion Notes.
In new stationery pale lilac, wit!
address or monogram in darker tone, b
shown. Light and dark green are als<
shown and dark blue, with white let-
tering, is also a novelty. Yet viier<
are many who never use anything bul
the wfyite Irish linen with the addresi
In silve * or gold. Unpunctuatcd let
ters are also growing to be a fashion
able fact
Chiffon jabots in a variety of prettj
colorings are very dainty accessorie*
and make an otherwise plain gowi
dressy and effective.
Smart jackets and topcoats hav«
fringes of leather. The comfortabh
garments known as Dolgoroukis hav«
belts of leather studded with barbaric
looking nail heads as large as a silvei
quarter of a dollar, and tassels o:
leather. Hoods are invariably showi
on these garments.
A very handsome cape fashioned o;
sealskin is trimmed with the tails oi
uussian sable. A top cape is in clos<
plaits and the bow is an entire sabh
skin. The cape is lined with rich sill
and is extra long and elegant.
The turban is fairly fashionable.
The most approved style fits ratke
closely to the head, and recalls the ole
days when a saucer-shaped headgeai
without trimming was looked upon <u
quite the thing.
The Elsa. •,
FARM AND HOUSEHOLD.
for' years added to her ago will no(
make much difference.—John M. Jam-
isOL. in National Stockman.
This very becoming hat is of felt,
flat crowned, with a widish brim
raised off the hair in front. The trim-
ming is of velvet in black, dark red,
green or other suitable tints, the
strings of velvet or satin ribbon to
match. Style adapted for young
ladies.
Crinoline and Hopji .Skirt.
If the prediction of 'lie great and
only Worth comes true the crinoline in i
all its glory will be wjth us this com-
ing spring There has been a league i
beaded by John Strung.- Winter, who I
Hat of otter brown plaited chenille
trimmed with a large bow of velve
and ostrich feathers of a lighter (hade
-n. ® ^
Gossamer Clothing.
The manufacture of gossamer cloth
ing, and also of rubber goods iu gen
eral. is, it appears, to be carried on bj
means of a new and improved process
The method proposed is for the com
pounding of rubber and the reproduc-
tion of colors in figures, checks, plaids,
by printing these on the rubber sur
face on gossamer garments, giving tc
the latter the appearance of the inosi
popular patterns of 'mackintoshes,''
and at a very reasonable cost. An
important ad vantage possessed bv thif
method is that it does away with tht
use of cloth cemented to the rubber on
the inside, and furnishes a light, das
ti«-, durable, and water-proof garment.
The rubber is on the outside and wil,
not gum or crack.
To He Esperted.
Prof. I)e Science—Statistics show
that men are growing shorter and
women are growing taller.
Lady- - Not unlikely. 1 don't knov
of any tiiing that has such a stretehj
effect as hanging onto street cai
straps.
WAYS of preserving
chards longer.
OR-
tt'etv Diseases and Insect Pests
Hrootl Sows—Sugar Food
, Bees — Pork Pointers and
lloti*ehold Helps.
I.oncer I.lveil Orchards.
Ago of
for
Sugar Food for llee*.
There aro two ways of feeding beea
on sugar, one of which is to make thvi
sugar into large cakes of candy,
weighing from five to fifteen pounds,
which are laid over the frames during
winter for their winter stores.
During winter the moisture arisiug
| from the bees collects on the candy
After one has grown to maturity which moistens it to such an extent
an orchard of good trees of his own / that the bees can lick it up, thusgiv-
selection it is a matter of great re- ) ing them a supply of food. However,
gret to see them slowly dying off, during a cold spell, it often happens
one after another, and it comes over | that the bees fail to cluster, on the
I candy, and the severe cold keeps
I them from leaving the cluster to
reach it. so that starvation occurs,
him at such a time that after all the
greatest improvement that could be
fnade in his line of industry would be I
to find some method to prolong the j
iives of his favorite trees. The diftl- j
eulty, from a commercial point of
view, is overcome by starting now
trees nearly every year, so that, as the ;
old ones in the orchard die these
young ones will bo nearly ready to
take their places. In this way the
bearing and general value of the ;
orchard is kept up, but still there is
loss through the short, quick life of
the trees, and it would be greater j
economy to preserve the trees longer.
Many of our fruit trees are shorter
lived than formerly, and this is not
due to changes in the climate, or al-
together in the exhaustion of the soil
which is not satisfactory to the apia-
rist; hence this plan of feeding is not
practiced, only as the bees have been
neglected until cold weather pre-
vents any other mode of feeding.
When a colony has a few pounds of
honey in the hive to bridge over
these cold spells, this way of feeding
is very satisfactory.
The second plan, and the prefera-
ble one, is to make the sugar into a
sirup, which is fed to the bees ii^
feeders during the warm days of Oc-
tober and early November, so that>
they can store it in their combs, anil
cap it over the same as honey. Many
think such stores better for the bee^
of certain elements that nourish and than honey, but if plenty of honey is]
strengthen the trees, but it is more
often due largely to the general
weakening of the individual trees
through the attacks of diseases and
insect pests. A few of our trees die
annually from winter killing, and
very often they are of the kind that
were unknown to be killed by cold
in the hives, I should never extract it
for the sake of feed sugar.
To make the sirup 1 find the fol-
lowing formula the best. '
Put fifteen pounds of water in a
vessel that will hold about twenty^
four quarts, and bring it to a boil.
When boiling* slowly pour in thirty
weather in earlier days. Winter pounds of granulated sugar, stirring]
killing consequently gets the credit as it is poured in, so that it will!
of cutting short their lives. Then mostly dissolve instead of settling tqj
drought in summer destroys more ( " v 44— —1 1 !— v K"s*"~
trees than formerly. From these
facts it would se«m, and has been pro-
claimed by many, that it is climatic
changos which are shortening the
lives of our orchards
Now trees are liko individuals,
says the American Cultivator. If
you woaken them by disease they are
unable to star.d great exposures to
either cold or heat. They would die,
where more robust specimens would
resist the inroads of either heat or
cold. New diseases and insect pests
appear in this country nearly every
yeAr. Various causes bring them
into existence. Some an
the bottom and burning. Now bring
to a boil again, and skim, if impuril
ties arise, when it is to bo set froni
the fire, add five pounds of honey
stirred in. This gives fifty poundso£
food about the consistency of honey#
and as soon as it is cooled so that it
is a little warmer than blood heat, it
is ready for use. The honey is put
in to prevent crystallization, and
with mo it proves far superior to vin-
egar or cream-of-tartar.—American
Bee Journal. _•!
— v jr, r * ♦ t arj
from Europe,.others are the outcome
of our changed conditions, and many
are bred in towns and cities. It is
impossible to trace their causes of
existence in more than a general
way. They are here, and appear in
greater numbers annually. To them
may be ascribed the cause of the
short lives of our orchards. They
attack the trees, leaves and fruits
6lowly, but surely, and often when
trees seem not to bo injured
by them they are slowly losing
their vitality. Year by year they
arc weakened, until they are unable
to stand the cold that, was formerly
easily resisted by them. The seeds,
scions or grafts taken from these
weakened trees will inherit the weak-
ness of the parent stock, and so on
down the whole collection of trees
must be shortened in their lives. The
true way to lengthen their lives is to
ftgbt more energetically the pests,
either in the shape of diseases,worms
or insects, l'he latter must be grub-
be;' for continually, and the former
must be sprayed and washed annual-
ly until conquered. We need amore
general warfare up< n these pests,
and less grumbling about adverse
weather and clim^iv changes.
•Jll Vl* - W * —41
Age of llrood
To what age can a brood sow b
kept and yet fattened successfully?
We have kept them until nine years
old. which is not too old for some,
and still too old for others. One fall
we fattened two of this age. One of
these did well chewing and digesting
her corn ration The other fattened
well, but at a greater expense for the
reason that she could not chew her
corn properly.
Usually a sow may be expected to
fail in her breeding qualities before
her teeth fail so much a* to be against
her fattening well.
l'he great majority of sows go to
the fattening pefts while in their
prime breeder!*. Sometimes they
can be kept to greater age than we
mentioned, but as a rule we believe
•even years is the average limit of a
sow's age of usefulness as a breeder
We know of one instance iu which a
sow was kept till thirteen years old.
Our recollection is that she was
owned by one of the most careful of
men.
When a sow makes a practice of
holding her head up like a cow to
masticate her corn, it is a good sign
that her teeth are failing and that
she should not be retained any longer
a^ a breeder. It is with sows as
other animals, some have greater
vitality than others. A farmer i*;
sending them to the fattening pens
should not be governed by any set
age. but by the value and appearance
of thi.' animal. As long as she breeds
well she is more valuable for that
purpose than for a market animal.
When a sow goes 011 the markel fat
the will only bring fat sow prices. A
Pork Poluters.
Mix salt and copperas with wood
Ted 'Ior I*10 hog*-
A pig that is always full will not
take sufficient exercise.
Any kind of slop is made better, if
milk instead of water is used.
The qualities belonging to the sev-
eral breeds suit all consumers.
Unless care is taken, the hog hcuse
will prove a source of disease.
Learn to breed well and to feed
well, so as to have the pigs grow
well.
tieuerally it is not best to attempt
to crowd the little pigs to fast at the
start.
In nearly all cases the farmer can
breed hogs cheaper than he can buy
when he'needs them.
A well fed pig is quiet and contented,
: while a half starved one is always
1 restless and trying to get into mis-
chief.
In the selection of the sow a strong
maternal appearance should be thy
tirst consideration, with Imauty after-
wards.
lloilHHholl! Ilt-lp*.
Try a little oil on the hin^s to
, stop a door's creaking. „ 3-
Canopied beds aro not in favor from
a sanitar y point of view.
All broiled meats should be served
; the moment they are cooked.
< arpets may be brightened bv dust-
ing with a damp flannel mop.
Soiled wall paper may be brightened
by rubbing with pieces of light bread.
Never boil chocolate in your coffee
pot, as it would be likely to impart
to the coffee an unpleasant flavor.
Lemon juice will whiten frosting,
cranberry or strawberry juice will
Color it pink, and the grated rind of
an orange strained through a cloth
will Oolor it yellow. #
• A well:known decorator says that
lace curtains should be put through
coffee-water when laundered, to give
them a creamy appearance. A blue-
whjte curtain is not considered ar-
tistic.
Polished floors should be rubbed
two or three times with linseed oil •
and then polished every week with
tur, tine and bees wax. The offlener
the i... is rubbed in to l>egln with,
the darker the boards will be.
Kerosene will take iron rust and
fruit stains from almost every kind
of goods without injuring the fabric.
Wa*h the soiled spots in kerosene aa
you would in water. The spots must
be washed in the kerosene before
they have been put into soap and
water.
Autumn leaves made of chamois or
felt, in green, gold and crimson
veined with the br ush in gold ami
mounted 011 wire stems, are shown ic
every size. They are used for pet
wipers, to cover laundry lists, tc
1 make long hanging wreaths, or to
, ornament walls, uud In linen (or
doylies.
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Sawyer, Hamlin W. The Oklahoma Herald. (El Reno, Okla. Terr.), Vol. 4, No. 45, Ed. 1 Thursday, March 2, 1893, newspaper, March 2, 1893; El Reno, Oklahoma Territory. (https://gateway.okhistory.org/ark:/67531/metadc159701/m1/1/: accessed July 3, 2024), The Gateway to Oklahoma History, https://gateway.okhistory.org; crediting Oklahoma Historical Society.