The Yale Democrat (Yale, Okla.), Vol. 11, No. 41, Ed. 1 Monday, April 14, 1919 Page: 7 of 8
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V,
THE YALE DEMOCRAT
HOW TO USE RAW
ROCK PHOSPHATE
May Be Used Profitably as Re-
enforcement to Stable Ma-
nure or Plowing Under.
PROFITABLE AS PLANT FOOD
When Immediate Results Are Desired
Acid Phosphate Is Preferable-
Raw Rock Is Used as Absorb-
ent in Dairy Barns.
(Prepared by the United States Depart-
ment of Agriculture.)
As n cheap and satisfactory source
of phosphoric acid, raw rock phos-
phate merits extensive use on farms
in localities- where- the material Is
available. Nowadays when all com-
mercial fertilizers are abnormally ex-
pensive Is the time to make liberal uso
of raw rock as a re-enforcement of
stable manure, as a material to be dis-
tributed and plowed under with green
cover crops and as a profitable plant
food for direct application to soils
that are rich In organic matter.
The relative unpopularity of raw
rock phosphate In the past has result-
ed from Incomplete and unsatisfactory
experimental work. Recently the farm
use of raw rock has expanded to 91,-
000 tons annually, worth approximate-
ly $750,000.
Of course when Immediate results
are desired, the more costly acid phos-
phate Is preferable os Its plant food
Is readily soluble and suitable for rush
order use. Raw rock phosphate, al-
though It contains twice as much phos-
phoric acid as the average acid phos-
phate, slowly releases Its stores of
food for crop use. It costs about $6.50
Is applied Ln half-ton doses an acre to
a soil that Is very rich It) organic mat-
tei the same beneficial results are
slowly notable as obtained where the
fertilizer is turned under with the
green crop.
Best Form of Acid.
The presence of decaying organic
matter ln the soil Increases the effec-
tiveness of raw, ground rock phos-
phates due probably both to greater
bacterial activity nnd the higher con-
tent of carbon dioxide ln such soils.
From a simllnr standpoint, the effec-
tiveness of raw rock phosphnte Is usu-
ally Increased after remaining in the
soil for a yenr or more. Most crops
respond more quickly to applications
of acid phosphnte than to bone, basic
sing or raw-rock phosphute. Accord-
ingly, where the early stimulation nnd
quick maturity of the crop are the
main considerations, acid phosphate Is
probably the best form of phosphoric
acid to apply.
The question of whether Increases
In yield ordinarily can be produced
more economically by applications of
soluble or relatively Insoluble phos-
phates, must be considered In a meas-
ure an Individual problem for each
farmer, since It depends on a number
of factors of which the most important
are the nature of the soil, the crop
system employed, the price of the va-
rious phosphntes ln each particular
locality nnd the length of the growing
season.
m
MIXED COWPEAS
AS FORAGE CROP
Quantity of 1918 Crop Harvested
for Seed Is Reported Much
Less Than Normal.
VARIETY IS OF IMPORTANCE
Whippoorwill Is Good General Pur-
pose Pea and Is More Generally
Grown Than Any Other—
Groit Is High Yielding.
(Prepared by the United 6tates Depart-
ment of Agriculture.)
It Is well to take stock of the seed
and varieties of cowpeus desired and
to obtain quotations and samples.
The quantity of the 1918 crop of cow-
peas harvested for seed Is reported
much less than normal. It Is hardly
possible that prices will be much low-
er than those prevailing now.
The variety to be selected Is of
much importance, depending not only
on locality, but on the use to be made
of the crop. Where the crop Is de-
sired for forage or turning under for
Rrnhhnm, nnd Monettn—are highly
resistant to root knot. Therefore,
whenever the planting of cowpeas on
fields that are or mny be Infested by
the cause of root knot is contemplat-
ed, special care should he taken to
plant only the Iron, Brabham, or Mo-
netta varieties.
Be Sure of Seed.
To he certain of having seed of
these, the supply of which Is limited,
farmers should take steps to procure
them at once. It Is of paramount Im-
portance that unmixed seed of those
varieties he secured. If Iron. Rrnh-
hnm, or Monetta seed mixed with
those of susceptible varieties, such ns
Taylor, Whippoorwill, or Early Buff,
are planted on infested Innd which
contains the eclworms, considerable
losses mny follow. In addition, the
nematodes will be largely In-
creased by having favorable cowpea
plants on which to live, nnd, conse-
quently, subsequent crops planted on
the same lnnd are more subject to In-
jury. Many so-called failures of the
resistant varieties to withstand root
knot nre due to planting mixed seed.
As far ns practicable, obtain seed
from locnl sources. Such seed seem
to he ns well, if not better adapted,
than those brought In from other re-
gions.
UNUSUAL RECORD SET
BY INDIANA MEMBERS
Boys Raised 1,009 Bushels of
Corn on Eleven Acres.
Raw Rock Phosphate Can Be Used
Profitably to Re-enforce Stable Ma-
nure.
a ton In carload lots now at the mines.
For practical results, It Is essential
tlint the raw rock be finely ground to
the extent that 90 per cent of the ma-
terial will pass through a sieve having
100 meshes to the linear Inch.
How to Spread.
Where the raw rock phosphnte Is
used ns a re-enforcement for stable
mnnure, It may be spread at the rate
of 50 to 60 pounds over each ton of
manure ns It Is hauled from the barn
or stable yard to the fields. A much
better practice, however. Is to compost
the rock with the manure for a period
of a month or more before spreading
on the fields. On account of Its ad-
mirable absorptive qualities the raw
rock Is used ns an absorbent In dairy
stables. The common practice Is to
spread nbout a pint of the material
dolly behind each cow In the stable.
Where a green cover crop, such as
cowpeas or soy beans, Is to be turned
under, it Is a valuable practice to
spread nbout 1,000 pounds of raw-rock
phosphnte an acre over the green stuff
before the plowing Is begun. Products
are developed during the decomposi-
tion of the organic matter which are
efficient in liberating the plant food
that Is slowly available In the raw
rock. Where the raw-rock phosphate
Average Yield of 91.3 Had Never
Been Equaled by a Club In the
State—No Worry This Season
Over Seed Situation.
(Prepared by the United States Depart-
ment of Agriculture.)
Eleven Monroe county (Ind.) boys,
members of n boys and girls’ club or-
ganized by the United States depart-
ment of agriculture and the State Ag-
ricultural college at Purdue, raised, ln
1918, 1,003.9 bushels of corn on 11
measured acres. The average yield,
91.3, had never been equaled by a
club ln the state, although there have
been larger Individual yields.
The highest yield, 105.9 bushels, was
secured by Howard Jammison, eight-
een. The second best showing was
made by Winfred Buckley, fifteen,
who raised 98.6 bushels on his acre.
Great difficulty wus experienced last
yenr in obtaining good seed corn ln
that locality, ns elsewhere, but by the
nld of a former county ugent and the
local bank each boy who was a mem-
ber of the corn club secured one
dozen enrs of high quality seed—
enough to plant one acre. This spring
there will be no worrying on the boys’
part over the seed-corn situation—for
before frost last fall they had selected
from their own plots enough ears of
the best seed type to plant over 100
acres this season.
"
GOOD QUALITIES OF SILAGE
Makes Healthier Cows Because of Its
Favorable Effect Upon Diges-
tive System.
One peculiar inquiry Is repeated
year after year. Does silage cause
tuberculosis? Of course not. A man
eating Bauerkraut Is ln Just as much
danger of contracting tuberculosis ns
a cow Is from eating silage. Teeth
falling out, stomachs ruined, tuber-
culosis, nnd many other vaporlngs
have been lnld to silage, but like hol-
low tall, they nre only the progeny of
Ignorance. Silage makes healthier
cows because of Its favorable effect
upon the digestive system, and at the
same time It permits those cows to
produce milk at a lower cost.
Clover for Lowland.
Among the clovers the two which
nre best adapted for lowland pasturs
purposes are nisike and sweet clover.
Keep on Culling Slackers.
Keep culling the slacker hen and
the slacker cow off of the farm.
___„
***** :
NO “BESl”MONTH
Time of Birth Has Little to Do
With Genius.
MOTOR TRUCKS PART
OF FARM EQUIPMENT
Purchase of Vehicle Not War-
ranted on Ordinary Farm.
VITALITY OF BLEACHED OATS
» _
Sulphur Process Causes Immense Loss
in Germinating Power—Not
Good for Seed.
According to ndvlces received at
university farm from the United
Stntes department of agriculture, oats
or other grains thnt have been blench-
ed by the sulphur process lose Im-
mensely ln germlnntlng power. One
sample tested, which germinated 973
before treating, germlnnted 9.5 after
treating.
Sulphur bleaching by commercial
dealers is done sometimes to give oats
of an inferior quality a bright, clean
appearance. Farmers nre warned
against purchasing seed oats from
such supplies.
AID IN PRODUCTION OF PORK
Permanent Pasture Supplemented
With Heavy-Yielding Crops
la Best.
(Prepared by the United States Depart-
ment of Agriculture.)
Green forage Is an nld to the eco-
nomical production of "pork.
A permanent pasture supplemented
with quick-growing, heavy-yielding
temporary forage crops Is most satis-
factory.
Green forage alone Is little better
than n maintenance ration. Where
rapid gains are desired the hogs
should have n liberal allowance of
grain. The rule should be: All grain
they will ent without waste.
Growing forage crops und grazing
them off on the land Is an efficient
method of Improving soils depleted In
organic matter.
The exercise obtained In grazing
has a beneficial influence on the
health of hogs.
Geese for breeding purposes should
be selected In the fall or early winter.
hKl I'Ar Os'
V ^1
In the Cowpea Field.
green manure, mixed cowpeas answer
the purpose nnd nre to be had at a
less cost than single varieties. The
Whippoorwill Is a good general pur-
pose pea and perhaps is more general-
ly grown than nny other sort. The
Groit Is one of the highest yielders,
both for forage and for seed, nnd Is
adapted to n wide range of conditions.
For early varieties, the Early Buff,
New Era, Whippoorwill, nnd Early
Blnekeye sorts nnd Groit nre most
suitable. The later varieties nre bet-
ter adopted for forage nnd better
suited to Southern conditions. The
best late nnd medium late varieties
Include Clny, Unknown, or Wonder-
ful, Red Ripper, nnd Black.
Suitable for Food.
Among the sorts most suitable for
foot* nre the varieties of Blackeye,
Crenm, Gallivant, Conch, and some of
the Crowder varieties.
Ordinary varieties of cowpeas nre
severely attacked by eehvorms or
nematodes, which Infest most of the
lighter soils in the South nnd cause
root knot of many crop plnnts nnd
weeds. To plnnt such varieties on
lnnd Infested with the nematode Is a
dangerous practice, since they will
either die prematurely or produce
poor yields, and will permit the nema-
todes to reproduce to such an extent
thnt the next crop mny be more se-
verely damaged than the first. Cer-
tain varieties, however, the Iron,
BUY PREPARED CHICK FEED?
Where Considerable Number Are
Reared It Is Sometimes Cheaper
to Buy Grains and Mix.
One Man and Team Do All Hauling
Necessary to Market Produce ln^
30 Days—Work Distributed
Throughout Year.
(Prepared by the United States Depart-
ment of Agriculture.)
A preliminary study toward deter-
mining whether or not a motor truck
as part of the farm equipment would
be profitable ln the corn-belt state*.
Indicates that under present conditions
the purchase of a truck is not war-
ranted on the ordinary grain nnd live
stock farm. Only ns It makes possible
the elimination of some horses Is the
practice profitable. On 200 farms
stocked, ranging in size from 100 acres
to nearly 9 section, one man and team
do nil the hauling necessary to market
produce In 30 days nnd the work Is so
distributed throughout the yenr that
the use of the truck would not make
possible the sale of nny horses. Farm-
ers within reach by motor truck of
large cities where better prices obtain
for live stock nnd possibly grain might
be Justified ln buying a truck, hut even
in such cases It Is probable that hiring
the hauling done by a custom truck
I m
Statistics Show That Nature Practical. _
ly Plays No Favorites In Her
Production of the Gifted
Ones of the Earth.
Astrologers believe that the planet**
“reigning" at the time of birth gov-
ern 11s throughout life, and that, from
a literary point of view certain months
nre more favorable than others In-
which to he born.
Taking the hundred best British
writers since the day of Chaucer, no
less than forty-eight were horn in the
four months February, May, August
und November.
In February were horn Charles Dick-
ens, Pepys the diarist, nnd Thomas
Moore, while of more modern date
nnd fame nre George Meredith, Israel
Znngwlil, Anthony Hope, Harrison
Ainsworth nnd Wilkie Collins.
Pope nnd Addison were both born.
I11 Mny, ns also were Browning. Ross-
etti, Moore, Bulwer Lytton, Thomas
Hood, Jerome K. Jerome, and Sir
James M. Barrie.
August seems to be the blrllunonth-
of poets, for In thnt month were born
Dryden, Herrick, Scott, Shelley, South-
ey nnd Tennyson.
Apparently November Is an unlucky
month for literary people, for among
those who were horn In November are-
Thomas Chatterton. who, In disappoint-
ment and poverty, committed sulcldw
at eighteen; William Cowper, who suf-
fered from melancholia nnd suicidal
mania, and finally died Insane; Oliver
Goldsmith, continually In prison for
debt; John Bunyan, who spent 12
yenrs ln prison, thereby glvirtg us “Pil-
grim's ProgressSwift, subject to fits
of passion and 111-humor, died Insane;
Robert Louis Stevenson suffered from
almost continual 111-health, und dietfc-
ut forty-four.
So much for the “favored months.”
Of the others, January saw the birth
of Bobbie Burns, Byron anil Lewis.
Carrol, author of "Alice in Wonder-
land,” who was also a fumous mathe-
matician.
March was the blrthmonth of Stnol-
lett nnd Steele, as ulso of Elizabeth.
Barrett Browning.
In April was horn the greatest
genius the English language hns*
known, William Shakespeare, while
among others born in this month were-
Wordsworth, Keble, Heber, Swlnburne-
and Herbert. Charlotte Bronte and'
Anthony Trollope were also horn In.
this month.
June is not a very good month..
Charles Reade and Charles Kingsley
being the only two writers.
July gave us Thackeray nnd George
Bernard .Shaw, and those Interested"
In astrology mny find a resemblance
between the two satirists.
September nnd October were both*
poor months, Mrs. Hemnns nnd II. G.
Wells being born ln September nmH
Coleridge, Keats and Sheridan in Oc-
tober.
Finally Milton, Grny nnd Matthew
Arnold were born in December, ns
were also Jane Austin nnd Carlyle.
So there Is hope for most people n»
fur us blrthmonths nre concerned.
(Prepared by the United States Depart-
*■ ment of Agriculture.)
When one has only a few chickens,
It Is less trouble to purchuse prepared
chick feeds, hut where n considerable
number are reared It Is sometimes
ohenper to buy the finely cracked
grains nnd mix them together. Some
chick feeds contuln a large quantity
of grit nnd mny contain grains of poor
quality, so that they should he care-
fully examined nnd guaranty as to
quality secured before purchase.
Wood Ashes Improve Soil.
In addition to the plant food constit-
uents, wood ushes Improve the me-
chanical condition of soils by making
them lighter, more friuble und crum-
bly.
Go over the gardening Implements
and see that they are In good condi-
tion.
Truck Used by Dairy Farmer in Eas-
tern New York Where Roads
are Particularly Good.
owner would be more economical
With regard to truck farms, the situa-
tion Is somewhat different. Where
produce Is taken to market on an
average of two or three times a week
throughout the year the use of a truck
malars It possible to get on with fewer
horses. This makes the use of n truck
more desirable than on general fnrrns.
KEEPING QUALITY OF SILAGE
Mechanical Pressure Applied Imme-
diately After Silo Filling Im-
proves Feed Value.
Experiments In Italy have shown
that mechanical pressure applied Im-
mediately after the silo filling In-
creased the keeping tfunllty of'silage
nnd Improved its feeding value. By
this system the air Is largely forced
out at once nnd It was found that
It yielded a fodder whose acid content
was 70 per cent lactic acid nnd 20
per cent acetic acid, proportions re-
versed ln the usunl methods of silo
filling. This produces n silage con-
taining less free ncid and Mint does
not have ns strong a smell. Until
practical methods of applying me-
chanical pressure nre discovered this
would approve the advice so often
given, tramp nnd pack the cut corn ns
thoroughly ns possible.
Best 8oil Improvement.
For soli Improvement there should
be at least one leguminous crop in
each rotntiun cycle.
Special Naval Uniforms.
Uniforms having distinctive Inslgnlit
hnve been designed by Hie slilpplug-
lionrd for the young apprentices now
In training nt the various school ships..
An embroidered anchor under tlie na-
tional shield, worked into the cloth*
of the blouse pocket, nnd two bromU
white stripes on collar nnd cuff, in-
stead of three narrow ones, as worn by;
the navy, will constitute the Insignia*
by which one muy discriminate be-
tween the men of the merchnnt mu-
rine and resembling those worn l)»
the regular men of the nuvy.
‘ .1
Oxen Again Beasts of Burden. *
The ox as a beast of burden is com-
ing Into Its own nguln ln the fanning
communities of the stute, according to-
n dispatch from Lewiston, Me., ami
the oxsling and apparatus used by
blacksmiths In shoeing the unlmnls..
long ago thrown Into the discard, i--
In use again. The sling consists of u.
rude frame of timber Into which tin;
animal Is fastened by a pillory. Strap*
are then drawn under the body, tlu-
ends being made fast to upper timber*
of the frame. In blacksmith shops Ut)
yenrs ago tlie slings were common.
Oxen are less expensive to feed than,
horses and are equally as useful 010
small farms, and the rising value or
feed Is having much to do with tin*-
comeback of the ox as a work animal..
High Army Officers.
A major general heads each nrmyr
corps; a brigadier general heads Infan-
try brigade; a colonel heads each reg! -
ment; n lieutenant colonel Is next In*
rank below u colonel; a major head-*
a battalion; a captain heads a com-
pany; 0 lieutenant bonds u platoon; ia
sergeant Is next below u lieutenant.,
nnd n corporal Is u squad officers.
» \
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The Yale Democrat (Yale, Okla.), Vol. 11, No. 41, Ed. 1 Monday, April 14, 1919, newspaper, April 14, 1919; Yale, Oklahoma. (https://gateway.okhistory.org/ark:/67531/metadc1136463/m1/7/: accessed July 18, 2024), The Gateway to Oklahoma History, https://gateway.okhistory.org; crediting Oklahoma Historical Society.