Cheyenne Transporter. (Darlington, Indian Terr.), Vol. 7, No. 4, Ed. 1, Monday, November 30, 1885 Page: 3 of 8
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FARM MANAGEMENT.
Bowing Ityo for PasturcrrodnclnK Pork nt
the Leant Expense.
Ionic Reasons "Why tho Keeping of Sheep is so
Unprofitable Other Topics.
Sow a Field of Kyc
Rye is one of tho most important
crops that can bo thrown not only for
the value of its graiu and straw but on
account of tho variety of purposes to
which it can bo applied. The grain is
readily salable and is also fod to
horses on some farms while jts straw
is considered superior to all other
kinds owing to its length and superior
quality as bedding. It can bo con-
veniently handled and is clean and
freo from dust as compared with
shorter kinds. Every farmor should
sow a Held of rye for early pasture.
It can be put in the ground in tho fall
as it is very hardy and stands the win-
ter in all sections of the country
springing up early in the spring long
before oilier grasses have begun to
Btart. Farmers who have had difficul-
ty in keeping their stock in healthy
condition when fed through a long
winter on dry food know how eagerly
tho early rye is relished. Objections
have been inado to rye as containing
ergot which is injurious but all grains
and grassos are equally unfortunate in
that respect. The difficulty is duo
more to improper management thau to
any injurious substance contained in
tho crop. When stock have been de-
prived of roots or ensilage and con-
fined to a dry diet they are liable to
eat too much green rye when turned
upon it too early. By allowing the
stock but a short period upon the rye
field in the beginning and gradually
extending: the time daily but little in-
jury will be done but if the stock re-
ceives no care and the rye field is
given up to the animals the result will
o diarrhea and debility. This may
be followed by abortion among the
cows due to physical weakness but
which is attributed to ergot. Tho re-
sult is the same when stock suddenly
secures a surfeit of early grass. As
ergot seldom exists in young-growing
rye the stock may be pastured upon
the field until the period arrives for
allowing the crop to attain maturity.
f damage is done by ergot it is when
stock is kept upon the rye'when in its
advanced stage.
Rye also makes excellent pasturage
in the fall though it is generally re-
served for spring. In addition to its
advantages as a cattle food it is an ex-
cellent crop for sheep which may bo
hurdled upon it with economy if tho
hurdles are moved daily as sheep
graze very closely. To the poultry
man rye is a boon" no other crop sup-
plying its place and it will do much to
prevent hog cholera when the swine
are confined upon corn provided an
allowance be mowed and fed in con-
nection with tho corn. Tho swine will
be more thriftv and fatteu more read
ily with its assistance than when corn
alone is used.
11 good judgment be exercised in
selecting seed free from disease or ad-
mixture of weeds rye is a healthful
grass crop. It is best to bo suspicious
of all grains as spores may exist
among them. They may be easily
destroyed by soaking the seed twenty-
four hours in a solution of one pound
of blue vitriol (sulphate of copper) to
four gallons of water. Then mix the
seed ""with dry land plaster and if
intended for pasturage sow as thick-
ly as the land will bear. Tho soil
should bo first gotten iuto a fine con-
dition and tho seed-should uncovered"
with a harrow.
Rye is tho clover of poor sandy soils.
It thrives and nourishes where other
"rain crops would perish but does
Cost on good land or such as has noon
fertilized. If sown in the fall and
plowed under in tho spring and a
slight application of lime given the
soil it will furnish material for tho
formation of humus and will largely
increase theyield ot a corn crop which
mav follow it; but if tho soil is poor it
is best to plow under tho rye and fol-
low it with buckwheat or millet
which may in turn bo plowed under
before using lime. Rye may then bo
sowod again and if plowed under in
the spring tho land will be greatly in-
creased in fertility. Grazing does not
injure it as a rrain crop but rather
benefits it thus rendering it service-
able both for pasturage and for grain.
ProiluelnK Pork.
. It has been charged against tho hog
that he does not pay oxponacs on some
farms. With tho cholera devastating
the herds in many sections and tho
fluctuations in tho prices for pork hog
raising has received quito a number of
discouraging checks; but in tho major-
ity of cases tho businoss has failod
from not taking advantage of tho op-
portunities which present thomsolves
on every farm. In tho first place tho
farmers must sooner or later recog-
nize the fact that good cheap pork can
be produced without feeding corn tho
whole year. The corn crib and tho
hog pen have been made inseparable
though at the samo timo thero aro oer-
tain portions of tho year when corn is
tho most inappropriate food that can
be allowed.
Examination by exports into tho
causes of diseases among swino have
resulted in attributing such results to
the feeding of corn exclusively. Tho
corn itself is not really injurious but
it is a lack of a variety of food that
causes the difficulty. Corn is a heat-
ing and a fat-forming food possess-
ing but little that swves to supply
bono and tissue hence tho animal
Eerishesin tho midst of plenty simply
ecause the body can not renew itself
though loaded down with fat. A
growing pig is only encumbered when
fat and should bo supplied with suit-
able food for the growth but also with
coarse bulky substances that servo to
disteikl the stomach regulate tho
bowels and aid digestion.
It is generally conceded that when
young pigs have the run of a clover
pasture they thrive and grow rapidly.
Disease seldom occurs when the' aro
so kept and they apparently cause
but little expense." But somo farmers
object to turning a large number of
hogs on the clover claiming that they
do enough damage to more than oil-
set the gain over tho plan of feeding
them in confinement. The hog there-
fore may be made an expensive ani-
mal unless fed in such a manner as to
utilize that which would be of but lit-
tle value in addition to more costly
substances. By feeding the sows well
when tho pigs come in they will pro-
vide sufficient nourishment to give tho
pigs a good start. This is a very im
portant point to observe as tho first
six weeks of a pig s existence deter-
mines his usefulness in the future.
They should never be allowed to miss
a meal and should be pushed forward
as rapidly as possible both by feeding
the dam highly and providing them
with a variety of food.
If the pasture is too valuable for the
pigs tho cheapest mode of feeding
them is to allow a thin slop throe times
a day. made of water and shipstuir
(middlings). No corn or meal should
be used in any form as growth is tho
object that should besought. Between
the three meals cut tho clover and
throw it into the pen for them. And
j not only clover but weeds and unde
sirable grasses. A hog like a sJieop
will consume nearly all plants that
come up on the farm and will thrive
well oi many kinds that are of no
value otherwise Purslaine and plan-
tain aro delicacies to a hog and even
crap grass is eagerly devoured by him.
Cooked food has not been recommend
ed as it may entail labor but tho
roots are excellent. Potatoes turnips
boots carrots parsnips and sweet po-
tatoes give largo yields and with
clover and weeds will furnish an ex-
cellent variety onabling tho soft mess
of shipstufi" to be reduced to one a day
the evening meal. With a variety
of such food the cost of procuring
pork will be very little especially if
..Jjiore i.s-a.sufiieint number of animals
to compel ihe constant care of ono
person. When the pigs havo become
hogs and their frames are lanre and
ready for receiving tho fat then tho
corn may bo fed and tho hogs made
ready for tho butcher as soon as pos-
sible hut evon when feeding corn it
should bo fed in connection with bulky
food and the animals will thrive bet-
ter and gain more rapidly.
Keeping Sheep
Just now when wool is bringing low
prices the romark is frequently 'made
"keeping sheep don't pay1' It is be-
lioved liowovcr that sheep properly
managed will pay as well as any va-
rioty of live stock or any branch of
farming. We may therefore proper-
ly consider tho question how can they
be made to pay and why they do not
pay now.
One reason why sheep do not pay is
that they aro noi kept well enough.
Thero is" a greater tendency to over
stock with shoep than with any other
stock and in consequence thoy do not
havo enough or the right kind of food.
Our common Merinos which ara
greatly tho majority in numbors need
pasture on dry soil. Thoy do not like
rank herbage or wot soils. Tho lattor
aro absolutely unhoaithy for thorn
and whilo thoy may run on them in
tho oarly part of tho soason thoy
Hliould not bo confinod to thorn then
and later in tho fall should bo abso-
lutely excluded from thorn. Somo of
tho British broods will endure wot
soils bettor than tho Morino. Second
although Morino sheop will run
in largo flocks and do woll thoy will
do much better in smaller flocks and
unless tho flocks aro small and tho
range abundant they will do bettor for
frequent change of pasture. Wo think
a field divided and tho sheop turned
in each half alternately for ono or two
weeks never allowing' tho grass to got
very rank will keep more shoep and
keep them hotter than if thoy woro
kept in tho ono largo field tho whole
timo as thoy frequently aro and yot
with frequent chango and oloso
attention thoy can bo woll stock-
ed with sheop and havo thorn do
woll.
Another great point is better shoep.
At this timo instead of soiling oft tho
wholo llock for littlo or nothing and
going out of tho business in disgust
select a portion of tho host of tho llock
and dispose of the rest. It m:iy possi-
bly be found that those kept will pay
as much profit as did tho wholo flock
and pay well for keopintr. On man'
cheap lands sheep can not bo expoctod
to do their best but in such cases thoy
are generally tho most profitable stock
that can bo kept.
in England on their hih-pricod
lands sheep havo been considered as
profitable as any class of live stock;
and why should thoy not bo? It has
been demonstrated that a good class
of mutton sheep will grow as much
moat on tho same food as will cattlo
and although mutton does not rulo
quite as high in price as boof tho
wool even at tho present low prices
will more than make the difference in
favor of tho sheep. This refers to
mutton breeds grown exclusively for
moat. They can be turned off at an
early ago and aro suited to small
farms of rich soil and good care. In
such places wo bolievo them profita-
ble. But thoy need a httlo bettor
feeding and more caro than many
farmers aro accustomed to give to
sheep. Of tho jrreat mass of sheep on
Michigan farms that aro of Morino
blood and are kept for wool and in tho
ond mutton they should bo bred with
refcrenco to size and feeding quality
as well as wool and turned oil to bo
replaced by younger sheep as soon as
thoy begin to decline or very soon af-
ter they reach their best. Thoro is
no profit in keeping an old ewe that
has lost her teeth unless she be a well-
bred one in a stud flock. But thoy can
be found everywhere and are a source
of loss to tho llock. What tho flocks
need is not extermination but better
breeding more care to growth and
health and adaptation of breeds to lo-
cation and use. In such ways can
sheep be made to pay.
Minor Topics
Young broods should be fod sepa-
rate from older chickons and adult
fowls.
A little salt in the soft food givou
the fowls is acceptable to them. It
should not exceod in quantity tho
amount used in food for the table.
During this season a frequent wat
ering of spec:al plants may bo dono
to advantage. A tablespoonful of
ammonia to a gallon of water will bo
found an excellent invigoraLor for re-
viving weak and unthrifty plants.
In eiirht of the American States thoro
are l7lJ8 butter and cream factories
and the value of the dairy products of
tho whole union last year was $6" 0-
000000 while the vaiuo of tho milk
cows is estimated at $700000000.
Don't pnsiuro your moadows closo
too late in the fall and then wondor
next year why you do not got a better
yield'of liny. " Tho bare roots exposed
to sevoro drouth in midsummer or tho
cold of midwinter will suffer deterior-
ation. Hotter sow corn Hungarian
etc. to bridgo over than ruin the
meadows or pastures by too closo crop-
ping and tramping. You must tako
caro of your grass lands if you oxpoct
to carry your stock to advantage.
HOUSEHOLD HINTS.
A nowspaper is proforablo to a
brush for polishing a stove.
If salt is strown ovor carpets boforo
thoy aro swept it will tend to freshen
JLho colors.
Wator in which prunos havo boon
soaked over night makes a vory ac-
ceptable acid drink.
A dish of cold wator placod in an
ovon that is too hot for baking will
speedily roduco tho temperature
An elFoctivedosign for a wall pockot
is conventionalized yollow jessamine
worked in Kongsingtou stitch on
"doad loaf'ateon orsorgo.
A man in Early couutv Georgia
dug a woll in ordor to drain a pond
farm but struck a bountiful
and now owns a capacious
on his
spring
lako.
Eating a fow piocos of common
starch will somotimos sottlo a weak
stomach. Gum arabic is also a good
romedy and it will roliovo tickling in
tho throat.
Tho white of and ocg is tho best ap-
plication for soothing burns and
scalds. It may bo poured ovor tho
wound and forms at onco a varnish
which oxcludes tho air.
Brass coppor or tin vessels should
never bo used in making pickles as
tho action of tho acid frequently pro-
duces poison. A porcelain or granite
iron vessel is best for picklo making.
To provont mould forming on fruit
jellies pour a littlo moltod para (fine
over tho top. It will harden into a
solid cako when it cools and it can bo
easily removed. It can bo saved and
used again next season.
Savcalls made of tissuo paper to
roproseut roses of chrysanthemums
aro very convenient. Thoy savo tho
constant washing of tho glass onos
and may bo changod whenever a spot
of candlo grease appoars.
One who knows from cxporionco
says that if pooplo will drink butter-
milk "crow's feet" and wrinkles will
bo kept in abeyance Buttermilk is a
refreshing drink and as its beautify-
ing qualities aro vouched for it ought
to become popular.
Uniquo and curious panols are
made by inking etched plates and then
taking tho improssiou by covering
them with liquid plaster ofParis. Tho
ink is transferred to tho plastor as per-
fectly as if it were carefully printed.
These panelos may bo framed.
It is to bo hoped that no ono will do
as a fashion journal says and keep tho
pillows in a closet through tho day.
Keep tho pillows on tho bed whothor
it bo fashionable or not unless a closet
with a window which permits tho
free accoss of ouro air bo available
An omelet pan and pancako grid-
dlo says an old cook ought never to
bo washed. Thoroughly rub tho pan
and griddle after and" beforo using
with a clean dry cloth. Of courso
these disho if so handled are never'
to bo used lor any other purpose than
omelets and pancakes and thoro will
Do no trouble with eiiner sticking to
tho pan or griddle.
Good soups and .gravies are never
greasy. Tho good cook novor sorves a
gravy on which a stratum ot clear iac
is
floating.
t
Generally tho soup or
gravy is permitted to fot cool and tho
fat removed in a solid cake; some
times thero is not time for this. J hen
wet a cloth in cold wator and strain
the soup or stock through it. Every
bit of grease will remain in the cloth.
From ten to twenty drops of bro-
mine dissolved in an .ounce of olivo
oil is claimed to be an effectual rom-
edy for the eruption caused by con-
tact with poison oak ivy etc. It is
used by rubbing gently on tho affected
part three or four tunes a day and
especially on going to bed at night.
Tho bromine is so volatile that tho
solution should be ronowod within
twenty-four hours.
Husked bread and milk is a now
dish very fashionablo at city lunch
tables and a irreat help to tho house-
keeper in disposing of stalo broad.
But perhaps vou do not know what
rushed bread is. It is simply bread
diied quickly in tho ovon till it is a.
light brown" then pounded till about
as fiuo as rljo. It is "just delicious"
with milk and berries better than
broad or crackers; and wo suspect
might serve as foundation for a doli-
oious pudding to roplaco tho usual
'bread pudding."
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Maffet, Geo. W. & Merritt, Lafe. Cheyenne Transporter. (Darlington, Indian Terr.), Vol. 7, No. 4, Ed. 1, Monday, November 30, 1885, newspaper, November 30, 1885; Cheyenne and Arapahoe Agency, Darlington, Indian Territory. (https://gateway.okhistory.org/ark:/67531/metadc70618/m1/3/: accessed May 2, 2024), The Gateway to Oklahoma History, https://gateway.okhistory.org; crediting Oklahoma Historical Society.