Talala Gazette. (Talala, Okla.), Vol. 1, No. 8, Ed. 1 Thursday, May 21, 1908 Page: 2 of 4
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E'.'-'KV
THE SANTA
FE
America's Jlifthwav af tke jkges/IVery
;Rod oflKicKIs Said toEfevcCost a life
iiv tKe Wruvii^ of tKt^st
£g§ «tfSg!
CRATE-FEEDING ON THE FARM
%r:-r .
Not a Successful or Protltable Method.
musHs**"
SrSfcs
Tke. Forvda .orExckange. Hotel,/
Terminus of tke TraJ
«— : <s>
i
' u£T^
■ 1 ' j i ( .'I <i lwwra off
—r-ms&t
H. Li-
Ike Old £ts-ge Jtaticry at Slwevrater
_ (Tke Original Adel* Structure or-tfe Rigkt)
"^^Spsbf^*
JUST at tTie moment when the
movement to mark the historic!
Santa Fe Trail is reaching its j
climax and consummation, by one '
of those ironic freaks of fate that sn>
often come to cap the best laid plans |
of men with an anti-climax The most
notable remaining memorial of the!
grew in volume and importance, num-
erous branches radiated from the main
highway. One of the most important
of these extended south to El Paso
and Chihuahua, and another ran north
through Taos. On the Taos branch,
at Alcalde is still standing, in an ex-
cellent state of preservation, the
old highway is threatened with imnii-( corral and roadhouse. now u^rt ns a
nent destruction. This is the Fonda, warehouse for a country at6re After
later kuown as the Exchange hotel the discovery of uo-4 itl California,
which was the southwestern t. nniiiu Santa Fe became a mere
of tlK> trail from the beginning to the reach on C,e longer journey to the
end of the commerce of the prairies
It stands at the southeastern crner
of the plaza In Santa Fe, and was ,{\-p
rendezvous of all the freighters, I
scouts, plainsmen, baij \ien, Indian j
fighters, gamblers, prospectors, pion-
eers, travelers, soldiors and settlers in !
the southwest when Santa Fe was the '
chief mart and emporium beyond the
Missouri. After bull team traffic came
to a close on account of the successful
rivalry of the railroad the old hotel
fell upon evil days, and soon degen-
erated into a rooming house for so-
journers in the City of Holy Faith.
Then the corner apartments were used
as a, meat market, while the others
were rented out for housekeeping
rooms. But within the past few
months the old adobe walls have be-
gun to bulge alarmingly, making it
necessary to prop them up with heavy
timbers. Naturally the "roomers"
sought safer quarters, the butcher
moved elsewhere and the hostelry is
now vacant. Then an enterprising
merchant bought the property, and
has announced it as his purpose to
raze the historic block upon the site.
This impending disappearance of
the last relic of the Santa Fe Trail re-
maining in the city of Santa Fe is to
be compensated by the erection of a
memorial arch. This will be placed
In the plaza, directly opposite the
Fonda, at a cost approximating $1,500.
A bill to that effect was passed by the
legislative assembly in 190?.. It was
merjA
S3?V
&***> ^0aJiHOu^e. oi^tke. Ta.o^ 3roru:k. fif tke. Trail
at Alcalde, N Mex.
reach on
soldco.^ Stunt- travelers followed
'^,e Southern Overland route by way
rif El Paso and Yuma, and others took
i he shorter but more difficult and dan-
gerous Central Overland route, past
old Fort Wingate. On the Central
Overland route there are still stand-
ing a number of the old roadhouses.
One of these is located at Bluewater,
N. M. a few miles west of the site
of old Fort Wingate. Two more are
standing within ten miles of Adamana.
Ariz.—one seven miles northeast and
the other about the same distance
northwest. Of the natural landmarks
of the Central Overland route. Buzzard
Rock, in the great Mojave Desert of
southern California, near Barstow. is
deserving of mention.
Mark Course of Highway.
When the relics of the trail have
become so few, only a third of a cen-
tury after the last of the great wagon
caravans traversed the long streaks
of white dust outlined in the somber
gray of the plains, it is evident that
every trace of it is in danger of
speedy obliteration. That it may not
fade to a mere tradition, the Daugh-
ters of the American Revolution and
other patriotic organizations and indi-
viduals have taken steps to mark its
course by means of suitable monu-
ments and tablets. Wherever it is fol-
lowed or crossed by the Atchison, To-
peka & Santa Fe railroad that cor-
poration is providing suitable mark-
ers; and the state legislatures of
joy life at the expense* of his em-
ployer. It was a profitable trip for
La Lande, if nut for Morrison. Two
years later Lieut. Zebtiion M. Pike set
forth upon his famous expedition.
His report revealed to Americans the
opportunities for profitable trade with
northern Mexico; led to the estab-
lishment of the great and remunera-
tive traffic over the Santa Fe Trail,
and resulted ultimately in the war of
conquest against the southern repub
lie. and in the annexation of the em-
pire of the southwest to the 1'nitod
States. Before Pike's expedition lit-
tle was known of distances, directions,
obstacles or opportunities in the great
and undefined region called "Kan-
favorable circumstances, one of diffi-
culty. hardship and discouragement.
When the Indians had been goaded
into a state of chronic hostility
freighting over the trail became any-
thing but a holiday pastime. In later
years, as the traffic grew in volume
arid importance, the dangers and diffi-
culties were lessened by the establish-
ment of military posts at intervals,
but these could not afford perfect se-
curity. It was nut until after the In-
dians were corraled on reservations,
about 1S70, that travel became rea-
sonably safe, and even after that oc-
casional war parties left the reserva-
tions and returned to their old trade
of murder and plunder, it was the
?;as." He mapped the way from the i custom of traders to outfit at Inde-
('.re.it Bend of the Arkansas to thPi/'Vidence, Mo. From there the wagons
Rocky mountains, and thence to Santa jfft\iveled singly to Council Grove, on
Fe and Chihuahua "
for the irresistible progress of the
American pioneers beyond the Mis
Fattening Pens of a Modern Poultry Packing Establishments. ...
his own crop of chickens needs to in-
vest too much capital for the profits
obtained.
2. The farmers would lack the ex
perience of the professional fattener,
nor would they have the killing and
storing facilities at hand, and crate-
fed chickens deteriorate rapidly when
shipped by crude methods.
Good results in fattening can be ob-
tained by farmers, without the use
of crates, by feeding a feed of two
parts corn and one part shorts. I wo
or three weeks of such feeding will
...uscular tissue to become tender and j pay a handsome profit, and can b
filled with stored nutriment. The fat- done in the early fall when larm
ness of a young chicken, crate-fed on , work is not crowding,
buttermilk'and oatmeal, is a radically] Crate-feeding requires most careful
The chicken that has been crate-
fattened has practically the same
amount of skeleton and offal as the
unfattened specimen, but carries one
or two pounds more of edible meat
upon its carcass. Not only is the
weight of the chicken and amount of
edible meat increased, but the quality
of the meat is greatly improved, con-
sisting of juicy, tender flesh. For this
reason the crate-feeding process is
often spoken of as fleshing rather than
as fattening.
The enforced idleness causes the
different thing from the fatness of an
old hen that has been ranging around
the corn-crib. The latter consists of a j
system of tough muscle, to which is
attached, in the abdominal region,
great masses of oily fat, undesirable j
as food.
I'nder present conditions it see.ms
likelv that crate-fattening will con-
and skilled management. If all the
chickens to be fed were of uniform-
ly good stock and of perfect health,
crate feeding would be a simple mat-
ter of manual labor and favorable
weather conditions. But chickens as
received at the plant vary greatly in
quality and health. Strict culling is
necessary, and keen supervision of
tinue to be conducted by those who the feeding-room is required to detect
make it a specialty rather than by in-
dividual farmers. Some of the rea-
sons for this are as follows:
1. In a cool climate suc cessful feed-
ing cannot be conducted >ut of doors.
The farmer who would construct per-
manent buildings and co ps to fatten
and check outbreaks of disease. Suc-
cess in fattening requires both skill
in the feeding-room and knowledge of
the stock of the community, while
even the best of feeders at times have
poor results, due to epidemics of dis-
ease and bad weather conditions.
STALL ARRANGEMENTS IN DAIRY STABLE
blazing the trail j the Cottonwood, where they waited
i ' f/.«• rtfVtarc tn fnrm n C3TflV<Ul Of Sllffl*
provided that the work should be su-. Kansag and Colorado have granted ap-
perintended by a commission consist
ing of the mayor of Santa Fe, the
superintendent of the Territorial peni-
tentiary, and a third person to be ap-
pointed by the governor. Nothing has
yet been done, but only the other day
Gov. Curry appointed Bradford L.
Prince to act as the third member of
the commission, and the building of
the memorial will proceed without
unnecessary delay By a further pro-
vision of the assembly, the arch must
be of stone quarried in New Mexico,
and the work must be performed by
convicts from the Territorial penites-
tiary.
Few Relics Now Left.
The remaining bonafide relics of
this highway to the southwest are
few Through a large part of ita I ues""V
length, the trail is now followed by
the Atchison, Topeka & Santa Fe rail-
road In many places the rails and
ties were laid along the exact line fol-
lowed by the old wagon trains. Cross-
ing the Raton Pass of New Mexico,
souri.
After Pike—who was anything but a
trader—the first traders to journey to
Santa Fe were those of the Baird, Mc-
Knight and Chambers party, consist-
ing of 12 men. who started in 1S0G
They were seized, taken to Chihuahua,
and cast into prison, where they re-
mained for nine heart-breaking years,
for others to form
cient strength to be able to repel any
probable attack. Often 200 men or
more were thus banded together. Each
wagon was drawn by eight mules or
horses or by six or eight oxen, the
white canvas covered Conestoga
wagons, made In Pittsburg, being em-
ployed.
After the first tentative years of the
traffic oxen were the preferred
propriations for the same purpose. In
several states contributions have been
received from the children of the pub-
lie schools, and the work of marking
the trail has now progressed so far
that it Is certain to be carried to a
successful end. It is planned to place
four granite monuments in each coun-
ty it traversed, and between these
cement posts will be placed to mark
every mile.
Trade routes like trade centers are
determined by nature, rather than by
the arbitrary caprices of men. The
physical features of a country consti-
tute the main factor that controls the
upbuilding of its great cities and that [
decides the direction, character and |
>n of its commerce. A little j
or until the blossoming of Iturbide s j draught animals. For better protec-
power, when they were set free On j tion against the Indians, it was cus-
the return journey McKnight was j tomary for four wagons to travel
killed by Indians, but Baird and Cham ; abreast. In addition to the drivers, a
hers reached civilization in safety, | number of horsemen always accom-
and in 1822 organized another expedi-j panied the trains, their duties being
tion. This was late in starting, so [ to kill buffalo, antelope and other
that the animals froze to death, and . game to supply fresh meat to the com-
the traders had to winter at the cross-1 pany. and to keep a sharp lookout for
ing of the Arkansas. In 1821. William ] signs of Indians. Refore the start was
Becknell started for the Missouri j made a captain was chosen, and the
river, intending to trade with the In- j i0ng journey was made tinder his or-
dians of the Arkansas valley; but he j tiers, under something like military
was met by some Mexicans, who per-1 organization. Camping places were
suaded him to continue on to Santa I selected by the scouts in advance.
| Fe. His trip was successful, and the wjth a view to securing plenty of wa-
next year he tried it again, taking j ter and good pasturage for the stock,
three wagons along Although he was | At night the wagons were arranged in
not. the first to make the journey, vet
knowledge of geography, therefore,
shows why the Santa Fe Trail played
a part so important in the develop-
ment of the west and southwest. It
lay alone the line of least resistance
to trade and travel between the region
. , „ , ,. , , .. .of the Great Plains and the region of
the trail is distinctly visible from the | ^ c,en|ra| p|aleatI. To.day it
is followed by one of the most im-
portant of the world's railroad sys-
tems. A generation ago it was trav-
ear windows; and near the summit of
the divide may be seen one of the old
halting places—a road house on the
old Southern Overland stage route A
few miles further on is Starvation
Peak, a landmark familiar to every
traveler in the old days, where It Is
said that a number of early traders
were besieged by the Indians until
they died of thirst and hunger.
Across the region which the Span-
iards called "The Grand Prairie." but
which the Americans named the
Cimarron desert, was a dreaded 60-
mile stretch, devoid of either trees or
waters. This is now comprised in
southwestern Kansas, between Rich
field and Hugoton. This desolate and
sandy waste is now inclosed by the
wire fences of cattlemen, but is still
unsettled and likely to remain so; and
here, straight as the flight of the crow,
stretches the Santa Fe Trail, still
plainly visible, although no wheels
have traversed It for the lifetime of
a generation. Four wagon tracks,
showing the deep-worn ruts left by
the wheels, the paths trodden by the
feet of mules and oxen, and the little
ridges between, run parallel as far as
the eye can follow them from the
northeastern to the southwestern
borlson.
As the trade with the southwest
ersed by vast caravans of clumsy
wagons, conveying a commerce that
reached the high-water mark of $450.-
000 In value annually. More than :iB0 i West—the great west beyond the Mis-
rears ago it was the route followed by 1
he is known as the "Father of the San-
ta Fe Trail." That is the tribute the
world pays to success.
Turning Point of Destiny.
Thus was inaugurated the first over
land commerce by way of the Santa
Fe Trail. The journey was small in
comparison with some of the trade
routes established by the Spaniards
long before in South America, and al-
most trifling compared with that over
the Oregon Trail that came shortly
after; hut it was at least three times
as long as any commercial journey by
land ever before undertaken by the
American people, and in danger and
hardship it was wi:hont previous
parallel in our national life. It marked
one of the turning points of destiny,
because it was the beginning of the
great drama of the Winning of the
circular form, to serve as a fort in
case of attack. Watches and guards
were posted and relieved at frequent
Intervals. Cooks and scouts were em-
ployed. and everything possible was
done to obviate danger and to expedite
the trip. But in spite of all precau-
tions. attacks by Indians were com-
mon. and it Is sometimes said that
every rod of the Santa Fe Trail is
marked by a grave.
the Spanish explorers on their jour-
neys through the unknown and sav-
age country that they believed It was
their mission to conquer and to con-
vert. If we could lift the veil that
hides the past history of aboriginal
America, it is probable that we would [
behold the march and countermarch
of armies of painted and plumed sav-
ages and hordes of nomads of plain
and desert moving on to conquest or
fleeing In wild retreat over this hoary
highway of the ages.
First Expedition Over Trail.
The first recorded commercial ex-
pedition from the east to the west over
the route that afterward became
known as the Santa Fe Trail was out-
fitted by William Morrison of Kas-
kaskia. 111., In 1804. and was dis-
patched for the far southwest In
charge of a trader named La Lande.
He never returned, and it is commonly
believed that he reached Santa Fe in
safety and there settled down to en-
souri. History has not yet done justice
to the Santa Fe Trail.
The traffic across 800 miles of desert
and wilderness to the inland capital
of a foreign province was at first ex-
clusively by pack train. When Heck
nell employed wagons on his second
trip great surprise was expressed that
no serious obstacles were encountered
to their progress. That fart shows
how true it is that the Santa Fe
Trail was a natural highway. At the
beginning of the southwestern trade
little trouble was experienced with In
Little Partnership Bargains.
Pawnbrokers' shops do not offer
many attractions to the prosperous
as a rule, but one young woman who
Is given to prowling about the less fa-
miliar parts of this big city has discov-
ered that they are just the places to
find bargains, says the New York
Times.
I wouldn't want to buy a set of
furs or a dinner service in one of
them." she said, "but for small, queer
things—little luxuries that one would
hardly treat one s-self to at first hand
in an tip-town shop—they are capital.
This string of pink coral, for instance,
I had no qualms of conscience at buy-
ing it of a Sixth avenue 'uncle' for
11.50, when I should have scourged
myself inwardly for a week if 1 had
got It In a smart jeweler's on Fifth
avenue, say. Hut, then. I could never
have afforded It there. A silver pen-
knife. with a handsome repousae back,
was another of my iniquities. I picked
Concrete is now entering so large-
ly into the construction in dairy
barns and other farm structures that
the picture here presented is some-
what familiar in its application. It
metal stanchions, and the frame which
supports these is made of galvanized
iron pipe. The mangers are all ce-
ment, and have rounded bottoms
slightly higher than the cows' front
shows a part of the new sanitary dairy | feet. All square corners are avoided
barn completed last year on the farm I and the entire floor drains to several
of the Massachusetts agricultural col- outlets. Pipes let water into the
lege. It is claimed to be one of the
best of its class in the country. The
stalls are equipped with swinging
mangers. A manure carrier is affixed
to the ceiling, greatly aiding in the
work of the attendants.
ABOUT THE LAWN
After the seed has been sown for a
lawn the ground should be rolled and
watered regularly. It should not be
allowed to become very dry and when
watered It should be thoroughly
soaked. The rolling should Continue
every few days after the grass has
made some growth. Mowing should
follow at regular Intervals, never let-
ting the grass get beyond the control
of the lawn mower. Do not set the
mower too low. but cut grass as long
as possible on new lawns.
When the lawn has become well es-
wlth water Just before the sod is laid
and immediately after, and it is well
to turn the sod wims side up and
soak it before laying.
The best way to sow seed for a lawn
in northern latitudes is eavly in the
spring, just as early as the weather
permits. It is possible to sow the seed
in early autumn, which will allow the
thin portions to be reseeded the next
spring.
In Setting a Hen.—Before setting a
hen. clean up each nest, BCrub it out,
and sift a quart of coal ashes Into the
bottom. Then make a mat of newspa-
pers, saturate well with kerosene and
tablished a further application of Borne piarP |n the bottom of the nest- upon
fertilizer annually or at least every this sift another quantltv of ashes and
alternate season is very Important. ,hen fa up wlth bright s(raw or other
Lawns are often made by Boddlng with ; nesting material Such nests will
dians. Not until the Texans and some j j( 1(p f,)r a a,,,,;.—50 cents, to be exact
Irresponsible traders began Indian ; —,,n j.;ast Broadway. A lovely carved
baiting were the redmen provoked to jvory crucifix came from a particular-
scalp lifting as a measure of retalia , |y mean-looking little den In the How.
tion.
Journey One of Hardship.
Nevertheless, the long distance that
had to be traversed over waterless
ery—something pathetic about that
pawned crucifix, don't you think so?—
and a hlce Jade bracelet. They were
™ k#" <"rt cheap. Somehow you don't
deserts, the heat of the treeless plains ffeel so extravagant buying these
and the sandstorms and tempests that
sometimes overtook the caravans
r. ade the Journey, under the most
things at a pawnshop—and then you
get so much local color thrown Id for
nothing, you know."
turf from other places. This Is desir-
able for immediate effect when the ex-
pense Is not prohibitory and better re-
sults can be got than with Bowing
with seed, when perfectly clean sod
can be had. Moreover sodding Is
necessary on terraces or other abrupt-
ly sloping places where the soil is
liable to wash down before a turf Is
formed. It is also a good plan to have
a good clean sod for the edges of the
lawn along the walks, etc. The ground
should be prepared for sodding the
practically be louse proof.
Light Bnhmas. — Light Brahma
fowls deserve to be more extensively
raised than they are at the present
time. The hens are good winter lay-
ers. the chickens are easily raised and
make excellent broilers even at four
months of age. The old hena are ten-
der and Juicy when fattened.
Some men are bo charitable that
they are willing to contribute to any
same as for seeding. The so<1b are cut | good cause every cent they can get
In convenient sizes about 1% Inches their neighbors to five up.—Saturday
thick. The ground should be sprinkled I Evening Post
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Stapleton, William H. Talala Gazette. (Talala, Okla.), Vol. 1, No. 8, Ed. 1 Thursday, May 21, 1908, newspaper, May 21, 1908; Talala, Oklahoma. (https://gateway.okhistory.org/ark:/67531/metadc184192/m1/2/: accessed June 10, 2024), The Gateway to Oklahoma History, https://gateway.okhistory.org; crediting Oklahoma Historical Society.