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- Farming Equipment and Methods
- Photograph of the seeding of a mixture of native grass (100 acres) with one of the special drills constructed under the specifications of Soil Conservation District supervisors of the Central Washita River Valley of Oklahoma to plant small seeds of native and adapted grasses. A local iron works made the drills from second-hand grain drill frames, automobile transmissions, cotton planter boxes, discs and press wheels obtained by supervisors of the Grady Co., Stephens Co., South Caddo Co., and the Canadian-Walnut Soil and Conservation Districts [the last in McClain Co.]. drills were patterned after one constructed by the Woodward, Oklahoma Nursery. The cost of $300 each was shared by the districts. In 1945, 6 SCDs in the Central Washita River Valley seeded 5,161 acres with the aid of 2 small drills, lent by the Soil Conservation Service, compared with 11,000 acres seeded in all previous years. The districts are tackling the job of seeding 500,000 acres with the seven special drills. OK-9141.
- Hereford and Nurse Cows
- Photograph of hereford and nurse cows grazing on 60 acres of old 160 acre field seeded spring of 1945 to Kobe and Korean lespedeza and overseeded to big hop and black medic clover. Mr. Cavender bought this 560 acre farm from his father in 1944. With assistance of the Little River Soil Conservation Districkt the farm wa planned as a livestock unit. Sixty acres of native grass went to meadow, 100 acres to sericea lespedesa. In 1946, 40 additional acres were planted to sericea. Old pastures were improved, overseeded to clover mixtures and area now kept mowed. A 60 acre old field, fertilized, limed and planted with Korean laspadeza in 1945 was overseeded to hop & black medic clover shis summer, 600# carpet grass this spring. Weeds were kept mowed & this year Cavender grazed 22 registered polled Herefords, 2 horses & 6 grade cows on the old "field".
- Wichita Mountains Wildlife Refuge
- Photograph of the Wildlife refuge. Range condition class: Excellent. Boulder ridge and hilly, stony land (very shallow soil). OK-9214.
- John Briscoe Ranch
- Photograph of the John Briscoe Ranch, part of the 70 acre old cultivated field retired and planted to little bluestem, buffalo, switch, Indian and blue-green grasses about the 1st of March 1945. Mixture was seeded at a rate of approximately 12 pounds per acre. This 10 acres was seeded for permannet pasture on clean cotton land. Yield is estimated to be 30 to 35 pounds combined material per acre. Briscoe retired 135 acres last year on this farm and 65 acres on another farm he owns. Next year he plans to plant 20 additional acres of bluestem on a field no win rye and vetch. Driving the tractor is Curtis Hudson, coopeator, one mile east of Geary, while his brother, Dillard, rides the combine. OK-9260.
- Wichita Mountains Wildlife Refuge
- Photograph of Soil Conservation Service personnel and Wichita Wildlife Refuge officials on planning tour in preparation for Soil Conservation Service Range School to be conducted by Mr. B.W. Allred. Front row:, left to right: Marjorie Krelberg, W.A. Watson, Victor Bunderson, Herschel Bell, E.B. Kong, R.H. Marshall and Courtland Tidwell. Back row, left to right: Julian Howard, P.F. Alan, Larry Short, Louis reid, Rudy Peterson, Ervin Schmutz, L.H. Leithead, carl Eminger, Ben Osborn, R.B. Peck, Jack Englemann, B.W. Allred, E.J. Dyksterhuis and Ernest Greenwalt. Greenwalt is refuge Superintendant and Howard is his assistant. OK-9219.
- Wichita Mountains Wildlife Refuge
- Photograph of buffalo calves (outer) and cow (right) using mesquite trees for rubbing posts. OK-9213.
- Wichita Mountains Wildlife Refuge
- Photograph of buffalo herd on native grass range. Note calves in center and on right. OK-9210.
- Wichita Mountains Wildlife Refuge
- Photograph of a fifteen year old longhorn steer. OK-9155.
- Wichita Mountains Wildlife Refuge
- Photograph of a spotted longhorn steer. OK-9192.
- Wichita Mountains Wildlife Refuge
- Photograph of an aged Texan Longhorn Steer. OK-9195.
- Farming Equipment and Methods
- Photograph of three district supervisors discissing the merits of a seed drill with a fertilizer attachment owned by the South Caddo Soil Conservation District. Left to right: E.H. Melencamp, chairman, Anadarko; Louis Clay, member, Binger; and Karl Douglas, member, Anadarko, Oklahoma. OK-9276.
- Farming Equipment and Methods
- Photograph of three district supervisors discissing the merits of a seed drill with a fertilizer attachment owned by the South Caddo Soil Conservation District. Left to right: E.H. Melencamp, chairman, anadarko; Louis Clay, member, Binger; and Karl Douglas, member, Anadarko, Oklahoma. Okla-9276.
- Land Clearance, Cultivation & Brush and Weed Control
- Photograph of a part of 12 acres of brushy pasture that has been cleared with a power saw since January 1946. Additional trees will be cut and sprouts will be controlled by mowing. The land has been seeded to carpet grass and will be overseeded to clovers and lespedeza next spring [1947]. The worthless, wooded area in the right background also will be cleared. Camera Station: in the 120 acre pasture. Facing the southeast from the side of the road at point 468 feet south of the farmstead gate. OK-9208.
- Grass, Legume and Forb Cultivation
- Photograph of a Maximillian Sunflower. TX-43 [?], 233.
- Grass, Legume and Forb Cultivation
- Photograph of a heath aster or aster ericoides plant. TX-43, 254 [?].
- Grass, Legume and Forb Cultivation
- Photograph of composite samples of Texas Wintergrass taken in December, 1946. The large sample was taken where litter was in good condition and considerable stubble from previous years growth remained. The range where the small sample came from had been burned the previous September. Ground temperatures were from 5 to 6 degrees warmer. TX-45-943.
- Grass, Legume and Forb Cultivation
- Photograph of the Canant brothers’ farm, Idabel, Oklahoma. Four years ago when the Canant brothers bought a 400 acre farm, most of it was a worthless, wooded area that would not carry more than 25 head of cattle. They cleared 12 acres seeded it to Dallis grass, yellow hop, black medick and white Dutch clover. This improvement increased the land’s carrying capacity to two cows per acre. Additional pasture work has been done and the farm now carries 100 head of cattle. OK-9204.
- Grass, Legume and Forb Cultivation
- Photograph of pasture improvement. In 1943 and 1944, one ton of lime and 250 pounds per acre of super-phosphate were applied each yearf. Hop, Persian and white Dutch clover were seeded on old Bermuda grass pasture in 1943 and since that time considerable Dallis grass has volunteered. The 30 acre pasture is now carrying 2 cows per acre year round. Soil Conservation Service technicians Hal E. Townsend, left, and J. V. Rabb, right.
- Grass, Legume and Forb Cultivation
- Photograph of clipped bluestem plot, the same as in TX-43, 229-A. Average forage yield of this and 9 other plots was 5,567 pounds per acre. Yield of mulch was 1580 pounds per acre. TX-43, 229-B.
- Grass, Legume and Forb Cultivation
- Photograph of Maximillian sunflowers. TX-43, 233.
- Grass, Legume and Forb Cultivation
- Photograph of a heath aster plant. Aster ericoides [an outdated classification]. TX-43, 254.
- Soils, Soil Erosion, Soil Conservation & Crop Management
- Photograph of lost wheat crop. Right: the field as planted to wheat after the land lay fallow over the summer. The wheat was likely planted too late and this, together with the lack of stubble on the surface resulted in the loss of the crop. Left: A small area of the wheat field that made a fair stand. If sorghum had been planted last spring instead of the following [the wheat/], the sorghum stubble would have helped to hold the soil for the wheat crop. TX-1844.
- Soils, Soil Erosion, Soil Conservation & Crop Management
- Photograph of emergency tillage. Listing (with small sweeps) a sandy field planted with wheat. The field had been idle for several years until about 1943. A crop of rye was grown for 2 consecutive years (1944 & 1945) to tie down the topsoil and as preparatory to planting a wheat crop. Wheat was planted for the first time year and the field is blowing badly. TX-1853.
- Livestock
- Photograph of an aged, longhorn steer. OK-9154.
- Grass, Legume, and Forb Cultivation
- Photograph of increased yield of wheat following vetch. Left: Wheat following green manure crop of vetch yielded 22 bushels per acre. Right: Without vetch the wheat yielded only 10 bushels per acre. All wheat planted on the same day. OK-9191.
- Water Conservation; Water Erosion; Flooding and Prevention
- Photograph of the W.K.Y. watershed. Aerial view of a gullied, natural draw to be controlled by diversion of runoff, sloping and sodding. Field in the lower left will be terraced with outlets onto native grass pasture. The pond is to be constructed near the lower end of the gullied draw. See OK-9112, -9113 and -9119). OK-9114.
- Farming Equipment and Methods
- Photograph of Mr. J. B. Eberheart, who is running a combine rye and vetch seed material through a small portable seed cleaner. Following this operation the seed will be run through a spiral separator to separate the rye from the vetch and eliminate most of the unwanted unsound, cracked seeds. TX-42, 825.
- Grass, Legume and Forb Cultivation
- Photograph of individual plants of Weeping lovegrass. TX-42, 743.
- Grass, Legume and Forb Cultivation
- Photograph of part of a 30 acre field retired from cultivation and seeded in sorghum stubble to weeping lovegrass the last of March 1945. In July of this year Mr. Burt Yowell harvested 100 pounds of seed from part of the field. The lovegrass was grazed in the winter of 1945 and part of the summer of 1946. OK-90908.
- Grass, Legume and Forb Cultivation
- Photograph of Sam Prewitt, polled hereford breeder, and Soil Conservation Service (SCS) technician [name unclear], left, look over an area of alkali-sacaton range on Mr. Prewit's ranch. The range is flood irrigated and has not been irrigated this year (1946). TX-42-632.
- Vetch and Abruzzi Rye Seed and Soil Improvement on the W. H. Smith Orchard
- Photograph of two UNIDENTIFIED men standing in the orchard of W. H. Smith and looking at the fields vetch and Abruzzi rye which provides it with seed production and soil improvement. The back of the photograph proclaims, "Vetch in bloom and Abruzzi rye in orchard for seed and soil improvement. This is the second year that vetch has been used in the 400 acre orchard. Last year Smith seeded 85 acres and harvested seed on 45 acres, using the seed in the orchard this year. He brought additional land last year & put vetch on a badly eroded, clay hill. It was turned under & followed with peanuts which made 60 bu. per acre. Smith said "Peanuts were fertilized with about 70 to 100# per acre of 4-12-4, but I don't figure we would have made any peanuts there at all without the humus the vetch added to the soil." He will harvest about 120 acres for seed this year, and turn under about 280 acres. This year all the vetch was fertilized with 150# per acre of phosphate. One clipping test showed that the vetch was returning 10 tons per acre of green matter to the soil. In late June Smith's best vetch & rye yielded 500# of seed per acre. His average yield was about 250# per acre. See Tex-42-713 through Tex-42-716.)"
- Abruzzi Rye and Hairy Vetch Field
- Photograph of an UNIDENTIFIED man inspecting a field of Abruzzi rye and hairy vetch cultivated by J. Doss Miller in Comanche county, Texas. The back of the photograph proclaims, "Abruzzi rye and hairy vetch on 30 acre old, cultivated field. Crop planted about Nov. 15, 1945, fertilized with 100# superphosphate (0-20-0) per acre. This field is badly sheet eroded (deep blow sand) and contains some bad washes. Last year it yielded about 20 bushels of peanuts per acre, while average yields on same type of soil in the county ran about 35 to 40 bushels. Crop will be harvested for seed. An additional 70 acres were "onewayed" by Mr. Miller for soil improvement to be followed with peanuts. Clipping test yielded 1.6 tons of rye and 4.4 tons of vetch per acre."
- Livestock in Bermuda Pasture
- Photograph of several horses, cows, and a pig grazing in a 100 year old Bermuda pasture. The back of the photograph proclaims, "100 year old Bermuda pasture that was disked, limed and phosphate in spring of 1945."
- Aerial Shot of Strait Row Cultivated Field in W. K. Y. Watershed
- Photograph of "Aerial view of field planted in straight rows, that is to be terraced, contour tilled and operated under a system of conservation crop rotation. Gullied natural draw (left of center) will be sloped, sodded and protected by a diversion terrace." A UNIDENTIFED town is in the background and Lawson farmstead is on right side of mentioned field.
- Aerial Shot of Deep Gully in Natural Draw in W. K. Y. Watershed
- Photograph of an aerial shot of "Deep gully in natural draw in pasture that is to be controlled by water diversion, sloping and soddinf [sic]. See Okla-9112, 9113, and 9114."
- Wichita Mountains Wildlife Refuge Buffalo
- Photograph of part of herd of buffalo with calves standing on a native grass range at the Wichita Mountains Wildlife Refuge. The back of the photograph proclaims, "Part of herd of Buffalo on range at Wichita Mountains Wildlife Refuge. Buffalo herd on native grass range. Note calves in center and on right."
- Harvesting Grasses From 70 Acre Old Cultivated Field on the John Briscoe Ranch
- Photograph of Part of seventy-acre old cultivated field retired & planted on the John Briscoe Ranch. Curtis Hudson, Cooperator and on the tractor, and his brother Dillard seen harvesting the little bluestem, buffalo, switch, Indian and Blue grama grasses in this field. People shown in photo go as followed from left to right: 1. Curtis Hudson, 2. Dillard Hudson. The back of the photograph proclaims, "Part of 70 acre old cultivated field retired & planted to little bluestem, buffalo, switch, Indian and Blue grama grasses about the 1st of March 1945. Mixture was seeded at rate of about 12# per acre. This 10 acres was seeded for permanent pasture on clean cotton land. Yield is estimated to be 30 to 35# combined material per ac. Briscoe retired 135 acres last year on this farm & 65 acres on another farm he owns. Next year he plans to plant 20 additional acres of bluestem on a field now in rye & vetch. Driving the tractor is Curtis Hudson, cooperator, 1 mi. east of Geary, while his brother Dillard, rides the combine."
- Livestock in Bermuda Pasture
- Photograph of several horses, cows, and a pig grazing in a 100 year old Bermuda pasture. The back of the photograph proclaims, "100 year old Bermuda pasture that was disked, limed and phosphate in spring of 1945."
- Wichita Mountains Wildlife Refuge
- Photograph of the Wildlife Refuge. Buffalo failed to graze the bluestem grasses on the steep rock slope, leaving it in excellent condition whereas the bluestorm grasses on the gentle valley soils, in the foreground, have been grazed out. The latter has degenerated to fair condition and needlegrass, silver bluestem and weeds have replaced the bluestem. OK-9218.
- Ladino Clover
- Photograph of Ladino clover planted, September 1944 at a rate of 5 pounds per acre, fertilized with 300 pounds phosphate per acre. Is being saved for seed. OK-9187.
- Wichita Mountains Wildlife Refuge
- Photograph of buffalo herd on native grass range. Note calves in center and on right. OK-9212.
- Wichita Mountains Wildlife Refuge
- Photograph of an aged longhorn steer. OK-9153.
- Wichita Mountains Wildlife Refuge
- Photograph of longhorn steers and a 2-year-old longhorn bull. OK-9193.
- Farming Equipment and Methods
- Photograph of the seeding of lovegrass (20 acres) with one of the special drills constructed under the specifications of Soil Conservation District supervisors of the Central Washita River Valley of Oklahoma to plant small seeds of native and adapted grasses. A local iron works made the drills from second-hand grain drill frames, automobile transmissions, cotton planter boxes, discs and press wheels obtained by supervisors of the Grady Co., Stephens Co., South Caddo Co., and the Canadian-Walnut Soil and Conservation Districts [the last in McClain Co.]. drills were patterned after one constructed by the Woodward, Oklahoma Nursery. In 1945, 6 SCDs in the Central Washita River Valley seeded 5,161 acres with the aid of 2 small drills, lent by the Soil Conservation Service, compared with 11,000 acres seeded in all previous years. With the 7 special drills, the districts are tackling the job of seeding 500,000 acres of grasses. OK-9139.
- Trees, Tree Farms, Woodlands, and Forests
- Photograph of part of a 30 acre planting of loblolly pine trees on an old, cultivated field. Planted 5 years earlier. OK-9232.
- Water Conservation; Water Erosion; Flooding and Prevention
- Photograph of a former gullied area in a natural drain running through a cultivated field. The gully has been plowed in, banks leveled and with the field terraced. Note the terrace fills (in the background) where terraces cross the drain. The old gully was approximately 4 feet deep and could not be crossed with tillage implements. The field will be contour cultivated and a conservation crop rotation will be followed. Clarence E. Bunch, Soil Conservation Service [SCS] technician, in the photo. Camera station # 7. In cultivated field at the south bank of the gully, looking north, 20 feet north of the idle land area. OK-9047-9[?].
- Grass, Legume and Forb Cultivation
- Photograph of At left, E.J. Smith, district cooperator with neighbor harvesting blue grama seed on shares, examines with Hardy Robinson, Chairman, Board of Supervisors, some of the combine material just harvested from one of Robinson’s 30 acre native meadows. He expects meadow to yield about 25 pounds combine material per acre. OK-9263.
- Dendrochronology (Tree Ring Dating)
- Photograph of a Cypress tree 42 feet in circumference at its base. Borings made by the U.S. Forestry Service show this tree, said to be the oldest in Oklahoma, to be 2,000 years old. Left to right: Earl J. Hayes, Robert Stiles (owner) and Z.T. Morgan. Hayes and Morgan are Soil Conservation Service technicians. OK-9230.
- Trees, Tree Farms, Woodlands, and Forests
- Photograph of a Cypress tree 42 feet in circumference at its base. Borings made by the U.S. Forestry Service show this tree, said to be the oldest in Oklahoma, to be 2,000 years old. Left to right: Earl J. Hayes, Robert Stiles (owner) and Z.T. Morgan. Hayes & Morgan are Soil Conservation Service [SCS] technicians. Okla-9231.
- Trees, Tree Farms, Woodlands, and Forests
- Photograph of the R. Marlow Tract in Idabel, Oklahoma. Part of the 100 acre planting of shortleaf and loblolly pine trees., 5 years old. Okla-9275.