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Trees, Tree Farms, Woodlands, and Forests: Photograph of of an inferior tree that finally died. The young pine has begun to grow, where it has stood with little or no growth since the "A" shot was taken. OK-10-565-C.
Land Clearance, Cultivation & Brush and Weed Control: Photograph of Harvesting hay following seed harvest on Kentucky 31 fescue and ladies clover pasture. Formerly cultivated land row crops and cotton. Capability Unit 1. Seed bed preparation: First broken on July, 1950; disked and rolled as necessary to control vegetation during the summer and fall. Seeded 10 pounds fescue and 2 pounds ladies clover on October 15, 1950. The fertilizer treatment: 400 pounds per acre rock phosphates at time of seeding. 100 pounds of 60% muriate of potash during the summer of 1951. 100 pounds of ammonium nitrate, April 1951. 200 pounds ammonium nitrate, September 1951. 160 pounds ammonium nitrate, March 1952 Grassed one animal unit per move, November 1, 1951 to April 1, 1952, with no supplemental feedings. Seed yield: 400 pounds per acre. Harvested 30 bales of hay per acre. OK-10-645-A.
Dendrochronology (Tree Ring Dating): Photograph of a Cypress tree 42 feet in circumference at its base. Borings made by the U.S. Forestry Service show this tree, said to be the oldest in Oklahoma, to be 2,000 years old. Left to right: Earl J. Hayes, Robert Stiles (owner) and Z.T. Morgan. Hayes and Morgan are Soil Conservation Service technicians. OK-9230.
Land Conservation, Management and Utilization: Photograph of managed timber here saved for curing before going to the planing mill. Well spaced pine under management turns out clean, clear lumber products so demanded by buyers today. It takes 25,000 feet per day to keep this mill operating. OK-338-3.
Land Conservation, Management and Utilization: Photograph of forestry lumber. A general view of a lumber yard and storage sheds at Herron lumber mill. Storage sheds and wood working rooms are laid out in a definite manner to make lumber easier to handle and store to reduce time and labor needed to produce the finished product. OK-413-11.
Land Conservation, Management and Utilization: Photograph of a saw mill. Head-saw in operation running out hardwood logs. This mill also has a gang saw for pine lumber. This country mill has a pay roll of $150.00 per day which adds to the forest economy of the district. Lee Swarts, shown here, marks all of his pine timber to be harvested on D-46 spacing, as recommended by the Soil Conservation Service, according to his agreement with the Little River Soil Conservation District. He manages 8000 acres of his own timber land. OK-412-7.
US Government Land; Squatter families: Photograph of a typical squatter's shack on land recently purchased by the U.S. government. This family has cleared 13 acres of forest land selling pine cross-tiles and poles as a livelihood. The house is a one room affair with a kitchen. Family consists of a husband, wife and 6 children. OK-8126.
Conservation, Environmental & Safety Education: Photograph of Mrs. Harris of Denison Grade School, Idabel, Oklahoma, teaching students tree identification as leaves of two oak species are compared. Mrs. Harris uses facilities available on school grounds for teaching Conservation, Environmental & Safety Education. Jim Hamilton, Soil Conservation Service [SCS] Soil Conservationist, assists with the outdoor activities. OK-4824-11.
Conservation, Environmental & Safety Education: Photograph of Mrs. Harris of Denison Grade School, Idabel, Oklahoma, teaching students tree identification as leaves of two oak species are compared. Mrs. Harris uses facilities available on school grounds for teaching Conservation, Environmental & Safety Education. Jim Hamilton, Soil Conservation Service [SCS] Soil Conservationist, assists with the outdoor activities. OK-4824-11.
Trees, Tree Farms, Woodlands, and Forests: Photograph of a Cypress tree 42 feet in circumference at its base. Borings made by the U.S. Forestry Service show this tree, said to be the oldest in Oklahoma, to be 2,000 years old. Left to right: Earl J. Hayes, Robert Stiles (owner) and Z.T. Morgan. Hayes & Morgan are Soil Conservation Service [SCS] technicians. Okla-9231.
Trees, Tree Farms, Woodlands, and Forests: Photograph of a pine tree plantation. Pine trees planted in the winter of 1948 - 1949 on old cultivated land which was farmed until 1944. First trees planted were dug from woods and transplanted by millhands on the off days at the mill. Later, as nursery stock became available, the tract was planted with seedlings. Earl Hayes, SCS; Lee Swarts, owner; and C.P. Burke, SCS, examine trees to determine when the first cut should be made. The trees were planted as proper land use and a soil conservation measure as well as a cash crop. OK-412-10.
Trees, Tree Farms, Woodlands, and Forests: Photograph of the R. Marlow Tract in Idabel, Oklahoma. Part of the 100 acre planting of shortleaf and loblolly pine trees., 5 years old. Okla-9275.
Trees, Tree Farms, Woodlands, and Forests: Photograph of showing the rapid growth of pine during the past 11 months. Notice the absence of hardwood. OK-10-456-2.
Trees, Tree Farms, Woodlands, and Forests: Photograph of Earl J. Hayes, Work Unit Conservationist [WUC] at Robert Stiles Farm. This old cypress (Taxodium distichum) is the largest tree in Oklahoma. It measures 13 1/2 feet in diameter and 45 feet in circumferemce. This tree has been a landmark since the early history of Oklahoma. The Trail of Tears came by this tree that was a sizable sapling when Christ was on Earth. This monarch of the plant world is estimated to be over 2000 years old. It is protected by lightening rods to prevent further damage. OK-72-12.
Trees, Tree Farms, Woodlands, and Forests: Photograph of forest protection. Miss Jesseye Arnett requested the Little River Soil Conservation District to help her to get cooperator signs which she posted around her plantation to discourage trespassers. Christmas tree hunters cut down many of the trees before the signs were installed. Approximately 7 years of growing time is lost with each tree stolen. OK-411-11.
Trees, Tree Farms, Woodlands, and Forests: Photograph of part of a 30 acre planting of lobally pine on old cultivated field. Planted 5 years ago. Okla-9232.
Trees, Tree Farms, Woodlands, and Forests: Photograph of timber stand improvement. Pre-commercial thinning of trees to improve composition and quality of pine stand. Lee Swarts, a small mill operator, works the mill hands on off winter days on odd timber jobs to forest timber ideas and to provide steady work for regular employees. Mr. Swarts has over 8000 acres of pine land under agreement with the Little River Soil Conservation District with cutting compartments and cutting cycles. OK-412-5.
Trees, Tree Farms, Woodlands, and Forests: Photograph of the interplanting of pine trees. Carried out in 1942. Compare with OK-10-564-B to contrast the growth rate. The hardwood has been girdled since the last picture was taken. More rapid growth should be expected. OK-10-565-B.
Trees, Tree Farms, Woodlands, and Forests: Photograph of a woodland area to be potentially seeded with pine. This picture follows OK_10-457. Shows good pine reproduction in a 50-acre area which was relaease cut in August, 1950. Removal of overstory allowed sufficient light for pine seedling growth. All pine growth is from natural reseeding. Dead brush in foreground is post oak which was deadened or cut in August, 1950. Large oaks were girdled. Pines are shortleaf and loblolly. Alvin E. Howard, project conservationist, inspects pine growth. Camera postion marked by upright metal pipe painted yellow. Picture taken in center of Unit 560-A, 6FC-II. OK-457-B.
Trees, Tree Farms, Woodlands, and Forests: Photograph of a 40-acre unit that will be released from oak and brush to allow pine seedlings to grow. The release work is planned for August, 1950. Everything will be taken out (all hardwood) to allow light with the canopy and give the pine room to grow. Alvin E. Howard, project conservationist, inspects young pine in the picture. Follow-up shot to be made in August, 1951 (one year following the cutting of the hardwoods). OK-10-458.
Trees, Tree Farms, Woodlands, and Forests: Photograph of the inferior hardwood finally having died. The young pine has begun to grow, where it has stood with little or no growth since the "A" shot was taken. OK-10-565-C.
Trees, Tree Farms, Woodlands, and Forests: Photograph of rapid growth of pine following release from hardwood overstory. Girdled hardwood falling with no damage to young pine. Hardwood sprouts are growing from stumps but pine has the lead. OK-10-457-C.
Trees, Tree Farms, Woodlands, and Forests: Photograph of part of a 16 acre permanent woodland marked for selective cutting to improve stand. Stand is heavily marked to salvage insect-damaged timber. Trees marked with an "X" will be removed. 12,000 board feet [bd. ft.], practically all of which is pine, will be harvested. The entire 16 acres has been completely protected from fire for 6 years. OK-8798.
Trees, Tree Farms, Woodlands, and Forests: Photograph of continued pine growth. It is no longer possible to kneel in the same position seen in the "A," "B," and "C" pictures, and be seen. The pines are now much too thick and tall for that. OK-10-456-D.
Trees, Tree Farms, Woodlands, and Forests: Photograph of Jesse McBrayer controlling of the undesireable hardwood over pine works. Competition from oaks and low brush is now reduced sufficiently for maximum pine production. He planted pine in hardwood. OK-1442-2.
Trees, Tree Farms, Woodlands, and Forests: Photograph of pine growth near Moon, Oklahoma. Observe the rapid growth of pine for the past 11 months. More than 1000 acres have been released cut on OK-LU-24 ["Oklahoma-Land Utilization-24"; the latter refers to the New Deal's Land Utilization Program, begun in 1934. This particular code specifically designates McCurtain County]. OK-10-458-C.
Trees, Tree Farms, Woodlands, and Forests: Photograph of Alvin E. Howard, project conservationist, examining slash pine suppression. Slash pines were interplanted into the hardwood area in 1942, but because of the hindering overstory, the pines have attained little growth. Most of them average six feet in height. Yet in an adjacent area on which undesireable hardwoods were eliminated in 1947, the interplanted pines averaged 26 feet in height. They can be seen in OK-10-584. Pines in the area not released out lack sufficient light for adequate growth. 5FC-II. OK-10-565.
Trees, Tree Farms, Woodlands, and Forests: Photograph of Roy McKee deadening cull oak with his chain saw. Pine seed trees nearby should fill this space with seedlings in a few years. Girdling costs vary from $2 to $5 per acre. OK-10-888-B.
Trees, Tree Farms, Woodlands, and Forests: Photograph of Roy McKee and his chain saw. He has killed more worthless cull "weed trees" than anyone in southeastern Oklahoma. His jeep can take him everywhere. As the cowboy carries his rope, McKee carries his chain saw everyday as he goes about his work. OK-10-888-E.
Trees, Tree Farms, Woodlands, and Forests: Photograph of Earl J. Hayes, Work Unit Conservationist [WUC] at Robert Stiles Farm. This old cypress (Taxodium distichum) is the largest tree in Oklahoma. It measures 13 1/2 feet in diameter and 45 feet in circumferemce. This tree has been a landmark since the early history of Oklahoma. The Trail of Tears came by this tree that was a sizable sapling when Christ was on Earth. This monarch of the plant world is estimated to be over 2000 years old. It is protected by lightening rods to prevent further damage. OK-72-12.
Trees, Tree Farms, Woodlands, and Forests: Photograph of overstory of inferior hardwoods that will be cut out to allow pine seedlings to grow. Alvin E. Howard, Project Conservationist, in picture. Follow up in August, 1951. OK-10-457.
Trees, Tree Farms, Woodlands, and Forests: Photograph of continued pine growth. It is no longer possible to kneel in the same position seen in the "A," "B," and "C" pictures, and be seen. The pines are now much too thick and tall for that. OK-10-456-D.
Trees, Tree Farms, Woodlands, and Forests: Photograph of a 40-acre unit that will be released from oak and brush to allow pine seedlings to grow. The release work is planned for August, 1950. Everything will be taken out (all hardwood) to allow light with the canopy and give the pine room to grow. Alvin E. Howard, project conservationist, inspects young pine in the picture. Follow-up shot to be made in August 1951. (One year following cutting of hardwoods.) OK-10-456.
Trees, Tree Farms, Woodlands, and Forests: Photograph of Soil Conservation Service {SCS] technician Alvin E. Howard now standing on a stump in order to be seen, where in the earlier pictures he stood to the right of the stump. The young pines have grown rapidly once the inferior hardwoods died. OK-10-565-C.
Trees, Tree Farms, Woodlands, and Forests: Photograph of an ice storm that broke down many trees and with old marks obliterated and could not be located. This photo is not exactly the same view as in former photos of the series, but is close to it. Broken and bent trees have been removed. Ice can do great damage to trees. OK-10-250-D.
Trees, Tree Farms, Woodlands, and Forests: Photograph of woodland management. This is the way the tract looked after it had been thinned to D + 6 [= spacing between trees that equals the diameter of tree + 6 ft ]. Note cut timber on the ground. OK_10-459.
Trees, Tree Farms, Woodlands, and Forests: Photograph of woodland near Haworth, Oklahoma. Tract 310. One acre release plot where hardwood trees have benn circled. Young pine trees were planted 5 years ago. OK-9233.
Trees, Tree Farms, Woodlands, and Forests: Photograph of hardwood control. Notice that hardwood has disappeared. Pine is 10 feet tall from just 2 feet two years ago in Picture A. Dugan followd plan of SCS technicians on 1700 acres of similar hardwood infested pine. OK-10-888A1
Trees, Tree Farms, Woodlands, and Forests: Photograph of forestry lumber. The dry kiln at Herron mill, Idabel, Oklahoma. The kiln was installed to conserve time. Lumber is gas dried and ready 48 hours after being put through the kiln. Several mills in southeast Oklahoma have installed these kilns in a modernization of the lumber industry. Improvements in machinery and management at the mill and in the forest have been adopted to upgrade the lumber industry in this area. OK-413-10.
Trees, Tree Farms, Woodlands, and Forests: Photograph of Raymond Bates, local timber worker, now operating a pulpwood yard in Idabel, Oklahoma for International Paper Company. Bates worked on LU [= land utilization] timber many years and thinks timber should be managed for the best profits. OK-386-11.
Trees, Tree Farms, Woodlands, and Forests: Photograph of timber loading. Machines do the work nowadays. Chainsaws and automatic loaders all make fast work of the timber. Here pulpwood is raised from a truck to railroad cars. OK-386-12.
Trees, Tree Farms, Woodlands, and Forests: Photograph of pulpwood. Pulpwood is good income on well-managed forests. About ten cars (20 cords) of pulpwood is shipped weekly from Idabel with an approximate annual value of $140,000. OK-386-10.
Trees, Tree Farms, Woodlands, and Forests: Photograph of Luther Lawson felling a pine tree. This tree is being taken down for lack of growth progress owing to fire damage. To gain the best from a forest, all space must be conserved for sound trees properly spaced to get the maximum footage from each acre. OK-414-7.
Trees, Tree Farms, Woodlands, and Forests: Photograph of a pine nursery. Approximately 1,500,000 Loblolly and short leaf pine trees are to be planted during the 1956 – 1957 planting season. Dry weather and the shortage of irrigation water has cut the output of this nursery by approximately 50%. These trees will be used to establish pine stands on old worn crops such as cotton and corn. The trees will conserve the land from further erosion. OK-412-2.
Grass, Legume and Forb Cultivation: Photograph of the Canant brothers’ farm, Idabel, Oklahoma. Four years ago when the Canant brothers bought a 400 acre farm, most of it was a worthless, wooded area that would not carry more than 25 head of cattle. They cleared 12 acres seeded it to Dallis grass, yellow hop, black medick and white Dutch clover. This improvement increased the land’s carrying capacity to two cows per acre. Additional pasture work has been done and the farm now carries 100 head of cattle. OK-9202.
Grass, Legume and Forb Cultivation: Photograph of an old cultivated field that had lain idle, overgrown with brush and sprouts. It has been flat broken [i.e., When land is broken by continuous lapping of furrows], disked and fertilized, then in the spring of 1945 it was seeded to carpet and Dallis grasses, yellow hop, burr black medic, white Dutch clover and Kobe and Korean lespedeza. OK-9206.
Grass, Legume and Forb Cultivation: Photograph of the Mr. and Mrs. Raymond Gash farm, Oak Hill, Oklahoma. The Gash’s say $92 for this little dab of Bermuda seed had better get results. They are discussing seedbed preparation and planting methods for a first class job. They also have a new tractor ready to go. OK-957-2.
Grass, Legume and Forb Cultivation: Photograph of Pasture Development. Region of worthless, wooded area (as in background) that was cleared last spring and seeded to Dallis grass, yellow hop and black medic clover. When Wayman and Julius Canant started their pasture program their original 400 acre farm had sufficient pasture for only about 25 head of livestock. Now it carries 100 heads. OK-9207.
Trees, Tree Farms, Woodlands, and Forests: Photograph of the H.C. Stauter Pine planting, 30 acres, planted in 1950, on Class VII land. Some replanting done this year and a small area planted to finish up the field. Surrounded by fire guard with 3 – 4 cross guards, all about 5 feet wide. This makes approximately 70 acres planted on Stauter land, which was begun in 1948. He has planted 4 different seasons and 3 different tracts. He runs a saw mill in Valliant, Oklahoma and is a key person from a forestry standpoint in the District.
US Government Land; Squatter families: Photograph documenting the US Government Land Utilization [L.U.] program, showing the interior of a squatter family shack on land recently purchased by the US Government. This family of 8 members lives in a one-room shack with the kitchen adjoining. They have cleared 13 acres of forest land selling pine cross-ties and poles as a livelihood. OK-8128.

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