Oklahoma Farmer (Guthrie, Okla.), Vol. 17, No. 31, Ed. 1 Wednesday, December 16, 1908 Page: 4 of 16
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OKLAHOMA FARMER, WEDNESDAY, DECEMBER 16, 1908
THE FOOT AND MOUTH DISEASE
Continued from Page One
calves died from the effects of the
disease on the third and frurth day
alter a herd was found to be lnfuct-
cd.
On Other Domestic Animals.
The symptoms shown by swine,
sheep and goats differ slightly from
those seen in cattle. They present
the same general symptoms, sluggish-
ness, loss of appetite, and disinclina-
tion to stand or move about. In swine
besides the mouth affection there are
seen on the snout well devloped ves-
icles which are visible at some dis-
tance. Blisters occur on the skin of
the legs as high up as the knee and
hock. (Kitt.) In sheep and goats the
mouth parts are rarely affected, tho
disease being confined ' to the feet.
This has led some observers of long
experience to believe* that the sheep
and goat are " not susceptible. The
teats and udders of the ewes, does and
sqws are affected, and the young of
the animals contract the malady from
Ingestion of contaminated milk.
Many of them die from the stomach
and Intestinal troubles that arise. •
The fol!lowT|nR! differential points
between the contagious and non-con-
tagious foot and mouths affections
are given to further enable the stock-
m n to avoid error in diagnosis.
ffirgotism differs from the contagi-
ous foot and mouth disease in tho
following respects: There is not in
the foot and mouth disease the ex-
tensive sloughing that has been on-
served in "ergotism.'' In ergotism,
even when the animal has drv quart-
ers there Is often a sloughing n1" the
horns of the hoof, or "loss of the
bones up to the fetlock joint," and 'n
some cases "even as high as the hock '
The loss of the tail and ears may al.v>
occur in ergotism, but not in the con-
tagions foot and mouth Jis'-asf.
The vesicles (b'isters) thai are so
well marked and constant on "foot
and mouth" disease at a certain sta^e
are absent or not often seen in "er-
gotism. '' The sores of the latter ::.re
slow in healing.
How Ergotism Differs.
In ergotism a considerable nir ib^r
of the animals in a herd ,*n:iy escape
the affection, while in contagious
foot and mouth disease It is rare that
an animal escapes. The eh u' erfe"-
Istic smacking noise heard in foot
and mouth disease, and the very i r<>-
fuse "soap suds" slobbering is absent
In ergotism.
Pigs are very susceptible to foot and
mouth disease and will contract it if
allowed to run In the same yards with
nffeetel eat tie but do not contract er-
gotism when running freely with the
diseased eatt'e. Inergotism inoculation
experiments upon healthy piers, sheep
and cattle with matters from sick anr
lmals 'fail to produce the disease. Foot
and mouth disease on the other
hand is easily transmitted by inoc-
ulation.
'"Another non-contagious foot and
mouth affection which appears in the
west from time to - time and* which
has been mistaken for the contagious
foot and mouth disease Is "mycotic
stomatictis'' or mycotic aphotous fev-
er,' or as it is more popularly known
sore mouth, sore tongue, and black
tongue. This is not a contagious
disease but often affects large tjum-
bzers of eatt'.e, and is probably due
to Irritant fungi in the grass or hay.
Pigs are not affected. The points of
difference ade given herewith. The
sores of the moutht, whfte sinlpir
In location, differ in character. They
rarely begins as vesicles. T ie e> -
tensive fluctuation tha' is observed
on the tongue of animals affected with
foot and mouth disease is not observ-
ed in this.
In foot and mouth disease, after the
rupture of the vesicle ther is a raw
red depressed sore, which so >n heals,
while in the mycotic apthous fever the
depressed sores appear to be the re-
sult of sloughing. In severe cases,
where the tongue Is affected, that or-
gan may appear Quite black from the
presence of a gangrenous tissue in the
affected areas. The tongue may al-
so become greatly swollen and pro-
trude from the mouth. The deeper
structures are more involved than In
contagious foot and mouth disease.
TO DRIVE OUT MALARIA
AND BUILD UP THE SYSTEM
Take the Old Standard OROVK'S
TASTELESS CHILL, TONIC. You know
what you are taking. The formula is
pla'nly printed on every bottle, showing
It is simply Quinine and Iron in a taste-
less form," and the most effectual form.
For grown people and children. 50c.
''-"wgy*" ■; jy- *0931 n
And Christmas is here. We want to again
ask you to remember us with your
CHRISTMAS ORDE
Promising you quick and satisfactory service.
We alfeo want to a^ain remind you to place your order early.
We wish all our friends and custo-
mers a HAPPY CHr lSTMAS
and a Prosperous SN3ew Year
and extend to them our thanks
f o
t h
ir patronage
Wholesale Liquors
DALLAS, TEXAS
There was also an. absence of the
peculiar "smacking" noise of the
mouth that is so constant a symptom
in the contagious foot and mouth dis-
ease.
Another Non-Contagious Trouble
There is present a reddish-brown
coloration of the skin of tho muzzle,
and also of nose; these parts appeared
dry and parched, a thick scab forms
and peels off in a few days. The ud-
der and teats also show the same red-
dish brown tint ■ of skin. This is
more marked 6n the parts exposed to
sun and light than the shaded portion
The outer 'ayer of the skin of these
parts s«ems parched; it cracks and
peels off in a few days. (A coloration
similar to this has been described in
poisoning from buckwheat "fag op-
yrism.") I have no>t seen this pe-
culiar discoloration of the skin men-
tioned, in cases of contagious foot
and mouth disease.
In regard to the son* feet, there is
in the non-contagious disease an ob-
sensc of blisters about the heels and
coronet, there is often no break of
the skin, but I am confident there is
more swelling of the legs, more pain
and greater stiffness than in the con-
tagious foot and mouth disease.
There is apparently in the former a
genuine lamlnitls (founder), the at-
titude and movements of the animal
indicate it.
The sore teats differ transverse
cracks similar to winter'chapping oc-
curs In the case of the non-contagious
disease, and not the larage rounded
sores resulting from the rupture of
the 'hliaters in cases of contagious
malady. While in the non-contagious
disease the fever continues high in
the ulcerating or sloughing stage.
In mild cases, some of the symptoms
mentioned are absent. Some animals
are not lame, but are affected with
sore mouth and show the character-
istic brownish-red coloration of the
nose and teats.
BOYS HUSTLING FOR EDUCATION
The statement is published by the
Knox (III.) college that by far the
larger per cent of the new students
entering last year came with the in-
tention of earning all'or part of their
expenses while in college. The same
authority says that more of the old
students are working this year than
ever before at Knox. At least 63 per
cent of the student body are support-
ing themselves to some extent. Some
are doing reporting work on the lo-
cal papers, some have positions with
the merchants of the city, especially
the clothiers, others wait on tables at
restaurants and lunch counters for
tfelr board, while others find it better
to do general work for certain families
in return for board and room.
SAVE IT ALL.
The average crop of corn is esti-
mated at 40 bushels per acre. The
weight ouslde of thP grain Is, butts
of sta'ks, l.,'S97; top of stalks. 297:
bottom blades, 357; top blades, 212;
shucks and shanks, (113; tajisells, 7!>
pounds—a total of 2.979 pounds. The
bottom Is worth more than all the
rest because It Is so rich In sugar
To get this value It must be cut or
shredded and put into the silo Four
< r five neighbors" ought to Join and
buy the necessary machinery, flo'
the best and help each other. There
Is a big surprise in store for you, to
see how well you can keep a lot of
stock on what you have heretofore
wasted.—Georgia Station Bulletin.
ASHES AS A FERTILIZER.
The question often arises as to tho
value of ashes for fertilizer. Prof.
Ten Eyck of the Kansas station says
thait an average sample of unleached
wood ashes contains about seven per
cent of potash and two per' cent of
phosphoric acid, which at current
prices of these plant foods would make
the ashes worth about $9 per ton. Be-
sides the actual fertilizing va'ue, by
reason of the rotash and pnospoorie
acid contained, there is some value to
ashes simply by the power which the
potash has to make the nitrogen of the
soil available for plant oy its
chemical action upon the organic
matter and humus of the soil. The
potash in ashes exists in a dearily
soluble form and is thus immediately
available for plant food. The farmer
can well afford to pay $8 to $10 a ton
for good wood ashes. Coa' ashes are
of little "value as far as plant food is
concerned but they can he used with
good effect upon some soils in loosen-
ing them up.
Ashes can be used for any crops
that need potash and they may be
applied at the rate of 25 to 50 bushels
per acre. For cultivated crops they
should be applied broadcast after the
land has heen harrowed and then cul-
tivated in by a .light harrowing. They
can be used also as a top dressing in
connection with phosphate fertilizers.
As .will lie nntif ]. Pr *. r T>n
Fyck says that the unleached ashes
are worth $9 per ton. As a matter of
fac.t the leached ashes raretv have a
value of more thai $1 or $2 pSr ion
as the potasfi and phosphoric acid are'
washed out. If ashes are to be used
thev should be put in a dry place until
ready to use, as much or more care
being taken with them than with barn
yard manure. And in this connection
it might be well to state that ashes
should ever be mixed with manure of
any sort as it sets the nitrogen free In
the form of ammonia gases and the
quality of both the ashes and the man-
ure is lowered. Sifted coal ashes, how-
ever, can be used for that purpose as
they absorb liquids readily and be-
cause of the small amount of potash
they contain, do not liberate nitrogen.
It would be a good plan for farmers
who have soils that need potash to
collect all the wood ashes they can
and use them for fertilizer. Ashes
can usually be purchased very cheap-
ly and on many places they are thrown
away, since the old-fashioned soap
making is gone out of vogue. Then
the ashes were used for making lye
for the soap making and of course
were saved. T>ue to thfi amount of
plant food in ashes no farmer can
afford to waste them for if rightly ap-
plied, they can be used to advantage
THE MANURE SPRFADER.
There are not many farm imple-
ments that will pay for themselves
more quickly than a manure spreader.
It saves labor, but that Is not the big
par.t of the profit. Some men must
hesitate about :i purchase if it ni";in<
only a savin" of labor. Th use of
the spreader means a great increase in
the efficiency of the farm supply of
manure. Some men cannot see this
point. They say that they get the
manure on the land and that is all
that Is necessaray. But it Isn't. Ma-
nure gives life to soli even when
Ihe application Is light, and it is poor
po'ley to give one spot more than Is
needed while another spot Is left bare
or to make a heavy app'lcatlon to one
acre and leave another acre without
manure. We now know that is pays
to make the manure go over a rela-
tively large acreage. Director Thorne
of the Ohio station has said that eight
loads of manure per acre applied with
a spreader have about as great effi-
ciency as twelve loads put on roughly
with a fork. Every foot gets a little ot-
the material, and the effect is se«n In
the sctf that follows or the sod to
which the manure is applied. I*and
should not have a heavy dressing of
manure when other land in the faram
needs manure. Make the application
light and even, and only a spreader
can do the work well. In the interest
of better sods, which are the life of a
soil, add to the efficiency of the ma-
nure by using a spreader. Some farm-
ing communities have learned this les-
son thoroughly well, while others have
barely awakened to it.
DAIRYING CIVILIZES.
Prof. Erf, formerly of Kansas, In one
of his farmers' institute talks said: "In
the countries where the most milk Is
used, there is the more civilization; in
Plpain, Italy and IBoumania and other
countries where dairy cows are scarce,
I found the land was extremely cheap
and civilization was rot very far ad-
vanced, while In Holland, DenmarK,
Switzerland and the Island of Jersey,
where dairying is the principal occupa-
tion, land was often worth seve.ral hun-
dred dollars per acre and in some cases
$2,000 per acre. T'pon inquiry, the peo-
ple told nie the dairy cows were respon-
sible, and I find the' .-<ame thing to% be
true in the I'nited States."
RIGHT LIVING .
Too many of us put off the question
of right physical living, says the Kansas
Furme:\ We somehow have an idea that
for a short time we may go without
sufficient sleep and proper food and nec-
essary recreation in order that we may
accumulate a competence. When we can
afford it, we promise ourselves that wo
will do as we know we ought. But of-
ten the months slip into years and the
years into decades and we are at the
same old grind. Edward Everett Ifalo
forcibly calls attention to our neglect of
physical duties. He says that unless
"each nif;ht recovers the ground lost in
the exertion of the day before, you are
committing suicide by inches: and you
have no right to commit suicide at all."
UP-TO-DATE IN AGRICULTURE.
However conservative the farmer '.s
about his politics and his religion and
his views on mortality, he has rid him-
self of most of his old-time fixed ideas
(ibout agriculture and is leading the
professional state experimentalists in
the search for new methods.—Toledo
Blade.
INFLUENCE. OF FEMININE DRESS.'
Few men realize the influence that
dress has upon them. Man thinks that
ho is an unbiased being, open to con-
viction, to sound logic, to unanswer-
able argument. Fond delusion! He is
open to nothing, except to the eloquence
of a few yards of sl'.k and to the per-"
suasion of soft laces.—London Graphic.
YOUR MOTHER
Here's to the woman who has a smile
for every Joy, a tear for every sorrow,
a consolation for every grief, all ex-
cuse for every fault, a prayer for every
misfortune, an encouragement for every
hope.—Salnte Folx.
«
The (lay returns ami brings us the
potty round of irritating concerns nnd
duties. Help us to play the mow,
help us to perform them with laugh-
ter nnd kind faces, let cheerfulness
abound with industry. Give us to g:
' 'itlVMv on our business all the day;
bring: us to our restlner beds weary
on<J content nn4 undt«honor®d; nnd
grant us in the end the gift of sleep.
—R. Ti. Stevenson.
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Greer, Frank H. Oklahoma Farmer (Guthrie, Okla.), Vol. 17, No. 31, Ed. 1 Wednesday, December 16, 1908, newspaper, December 16, 1908; Guthrie, Oklahoma. (https://gateway.okhistory.org/ark:/67531/metadc88217/m1/4/?q=%22aerial%22: accessed June 2, 2024), The Gateway to Oklahoma History, https://gateway.okhistory.org; crediting Oklahoma Historical Society.