Weekly Oklahoma State Capital. (Guthrie, Okla.), Vol. 6, No. 3, Ed. 1 Saturday, May 19, 1894 Page: 4 of 8
This newspaper is part of the collection entitled: Oklahoma Digital Newspaper Program and was provided to The Gateway to Oklahoma History by the Oklahoma Historical Society.
Extracted Text
The following text was automatically extracted from the image on this page using optical character recognition software:
DKSX1S PL YSS.
This paper to January 1st
The State Capital. Congre m n Dennis Flynn has 1895, for SOcentS, cash ill
_ .!_ .L > mm- _ aa>Atk.>B ovi <1alt A all 111* || (j ^ | 1 ( * «
• lately shown another evidence of hi*
By The State Capital Printing Co. jjreat activity in promoting the inter-
—~ es U of Oklahoma. In the midst of his
FRANK H GREER. Editor. irjUOUs duties o( pushing tlie various
j legislation, he finds time to widen the
i good reputation of the territory by
iath or m imcmPTiOMi
0 eye rW."w^00,| Th«em"Oth.$' 58 writing able articles on its resources.
| J month!. .$3 00 | One month ... "products and possibilities, as shown
D*UV,E,,> >T CABB1 Hcenu by the following article, entitled "Ok.
•— lahoma," which appeared in Harper's
wbbki.t bditioi.
. It 00
lie
w
adores*
I Illustrated Weekly:
copy, per Tear ...•VV7 i -should Oklahoma be admitted to
1XXuSTjWtk.',utehood-.. Oklahomana think it upo^y g.v,
iitoficeVo which the paper ha bw* •
Mat; otherwise their may be a delay in
making the change
Sample eopiee nent free
^-Liberal inducemeBU to PoetmaeVen
«ad Club
SATURDAY MAY 19, 1M*.
IMPORTANT NOTICE
If you are not a subscriber to thU
paper, but at the same time are re-
•eiving it occasionally or regularly,
it is because some friend has pakl for
it and ordered it sent to you, with the
hope that you may find something in
it that will interest and benefit you.
should,- as it today possesses all the
requisites necessary not only for the
maintenance of a self-government,
but it will rapidly ascend the state-
hood ladder. The important question
for congress to decide is, shall the
state of Oklahoma comprise what was
formerly the old Indian Territory, or
shall it be so created as to leave out
the five civilized tribes If the former,
it will contain more people than any
two states ever had when admitted
into the union. It would be a state
containing 900,000 white people, to say
nothing of the 50,000 so-called Indians
in the five tribes. I use tlie word "so-
A RE THE PEOPLE COWARDS?
Are the people cowards'.' Are the
officials of the school board and of the
city council and the people of this
town cowards, or are they men and
women, imbued with the elements of
true manhood and womanhood'.' The
school board at its last meeting al-
lowed its manhood to be trampled
giving hearing to the tnouth-
ings of an anarchistic skunk whom
everybody in this town knows to be
totally unworthy of notice. He stood
up before that body and denominated
it as a composition of boodlers. scoun-
drels and liars, and yet there was no
man on the board who had the man1
hood to rise up and throw thecalumni-
ator out of the window, or to even rise
to a point of order' They sat there
and heard Smith declare that if they
re-elected Superintendent Mallory,
Smith would drive them like curs
from the city, and that should he not
called" for the reason that a genuine
Indian is almost as much of a curios- j tret them out of the town during his
it will be discontinued at the expira- j ^ ^ gTe tribes as he would be day, that he was raising young Smiths
tion of the time for which it has been j h, re in Washington. If the state is who would scourge them from the
paid. This statement is made so that
you will know that you will not be
expected to pay for it.
Clip out order on 2nd
page, insert your name and
postoftice, enclose 5<> rents
and «et this paper to .Janu-
ary 1st,
Tiik Coxeyites will hereafter know
enough to keep off the grass
All of the differeut county congres-
sional delegations have been in-
structed for Dennis Flynn.
gumkal SAUNIMT118, who stole the
Colorado train, built around obstruc-
tions and carried his army pell-mell
into Kansas, is the general of them all.
Coxey is no longer the king.
e;tv thev, the school board mem-
formed as above it would contain over
1,500 miles of trunk line railroads, and
, .. . bers, had helped to make, That such
a property valuation of over 8100,000,-1 v
004), and an area of 70,000 square a speech as this would be tolerated by
miles. In this connection it must be a body of self-respecting men is a dis-
Thk democracy at Washington gave
General Coxey and his army a cold, ^uare miles—a state larger than
mean reception in Washington. The Haaioshire. Massachusetts.
police court is hardly the corre-t Rhode Island. Connecticut. New Jer-
plaoe to receive a petition with its la(j Vermont combined, .arger
boots on. ^than Indiana, and about the aiaeof
„ .. ~ ~ , Ohio; a state contain.ng 1< .000 of the
The 1 reas-Uaxette says no demo- . ...
• , , ... most progressive pwo.e :n tie La;oa
cratic convention should be held till
borne in mind that the above valua-
tion consists of only town, railroad
and personal property. Fully 30,000
square miles contained in the live
tribes is held in common, and not sub-
ject to taxation, whil the title to
most of the land in what is now Okla-
homa is still in the United States
The five tribes have such treaty stipu-
lations with the government that it is
doubtful if they will ever consent
willingly to any change in their con-
ditions. Congress sooner or later
must take a bold stand, and in the
interest of Christianity and moralitv
wipe out tribal relations, and treat °?en mouth aud gesticulating arms to
those Indians as they do white men act as the self-constituted guardian of
Should it be decided to give state- this city. Two-thirds of the hell
hood to Oklahoma alone, it would
constitute a state having 33.000
grace to every man who submitted to
it and to this city in general.
This same wild-eyed agitator went
before the city council last night and
charged that Mayor Martin and the
council in general were seeking to rob
this city in the interests of certain in-
dividuals and certain institutions and
that they were generally derelict in
their duties.
This same Winfield S. Smith started
ojt at the inception of Guthrie with
the democrats learn that Got. Ren
frow is the head and front of the ter-
ritorial democracy Then no more
conventions will be held.
which has been raised in this town,
and always in behalf of bad eauses.
has been raised by this mouthy ego-
tist whose actions have always been
as small as his brains- Having found
a man who would loan him money
en la^h to erect a building on lots he
35 per cent of whom are native born ?*:aed through the misfortune of a
year of democratic role" has n< added
any to democratic chances in Okla-
homa. but has rather put the party in
the soup up to its eyes. It intimates
that Clevclaud selected a sorry lot to
run things down here.
Daily Okiahotuan: All the people
need and all they want is a chance to
get at the ballot box in this territory,
and express themselves just once The
stables would be cleaned and pie
counter heads would protrude from all
parts of the dump.
Americans. It woaid be a state w-.th- poor widow whose husband happened
out a do..ar s worth of terr-.u>r;a- :n- to be a sc*>aer and which poor widow
debtedne^s. a state where socialists ^ her children Smith traduced in the
vilest manner he has since been blovi-
ating. to the disgust of all modest
people, on what "I hare doae for this
without any .a- v under tze suu to town when evervbodv knows that if
i: : ±'. i- a:: :
_ would, in fact be a :rp:cal American
Thk OKlahoman concludes that a . ,
commonwealth, containing" a people
who. from April !■ ?.). unt.. May.
govern their., built cities of from -
10.000 people, and to our credit it must
be said that iurinsr that period crime
was a.most unknown Our cities are
the town had had no better ballast
than men like Winfield Smith, who.
until he borrowed this monev, never
substantially built and own their own , could raise money enough to pay his
electric light and *as p.ants, water | honest debts and is known to have
works, etc There are published in the
territory thirteen daily and sixty
Whlkevkb the Coxeyites fall in dis-
tress and want food and transporta-
tion. the communities should giv*
them help on their road back home.
It stands to reason that the further
towards Washington the Kellev crowd
gets the worse in distress they will be.
Joe Wisby would probably acce pt
the dem'KTatic nomination f r con-
gress. as he would have too much sense
to blow in money on a lost cause and
it would not hurt his business. It
would make him patronage t> -- '
the territory, transferrin? it f-c— tbe
saw buck wing.
weekly newspapers. The tewitory is
weli timbered in the eastern part and
well watered throughout, and is al-
most exclusively devoted to agricul-
ture In Oklahoma on the same farm
can be raised corn that will run sev-
enty and wheat that last year aver-
aged throughout the territory thirty-
three bushels per acre. Cotton thrives
as well there as in any state of the
L'nion At the World's Fair Oklahoma
was awarded the premium on patent
dour, w nter wheat, corn, outs, buck-
made most of his living by blackmail-
ing honest settlers on claims through-
out this country, it would have early
dwarfed and gone to ruin. Smith has
attempted to be the guardian of this
town and the people have laughed at
him heretofore. Of late he has taken
on new life as a guardian, has added,
as he thinks, certain things to his pos-
sessions which entitle him to be tlie
sole and only boss of the thoughts and
actions of the officials and the people
wheat, red sorghum, squash and cot- of this city.
t n on the stalk, and a lady residing 'I'll,. night after his wife was buried
hi: appeared at a political meeting and
The Territorial tdivor.il
tion meets in Guthrie on the - rtk L.^t.
It is to be hoped the people will as-- s".
the local newspaper men to give the
editors the best p*sibie reception. A
bai. and banquet should be given and
everything done to sustain the reputa-
t;sn o:
city for hospitality.
Ef*
May. 1
' 4". farms in the ' nited >:alr- in IvO.
in lading improve:..-nts. was SI -"79.-
•>5J.•>!.:. The estimated mortgage
thereon. January 1, ir J. was - i,-
14S.4,;. e^ual to s per cent, subject to
the addition of a small amount on
hired farms.
a-, 'iuthrie was awarded a premium
painted china. Farm improvement*
-ompare favorably with those In
--*.ates: the dugout and sod house
asa only exists in the Imagl-
^s". ve . agressional brain School
- ibound; the school population
' the territory exceeds the present
t ;• ation of some of the soon-
t> « and some of the existing states,
'j* -z .r^ate^i at SO,000. Churches
f a denominations are numerous,
the at > and Ep'sccpalians having
rr-.dent b v ps there. The territory
as a :-iversity, a S-O.oOO nor-
mal school ar. : a -.'..000 agricultural
nhoek<-il everybody by making a
speech, calculated to stir up strife—
and this before the clods had ceased to
full on the grave of a wife who was a
loving helpmate, and a kind, thought-
ful mother, the bust years of whose
life were sacrificed for a husband
whom the neighbors said abused her
and maltreated her In every way—
whose years were sacrificed to a hus-
band who disgraced his wife's memory
and the children she had borne him.
aud shocked this community by court-
ing another woman with a view to
u> Atkjxsos in "Forum" for
The value of ail the 4,:> 1 venture tne assertion that
w-.t statehoo-t for that pait of the old
Indian Territory not included in the
five tribes the c asus of will find ' matrimony hardly less than f.uir
■ 'klai; -::.a a state of V.. - people. 1 weeks after the cold, calm face of the
There is a ' vers.ty of ..pinion among- 1 loving woman whom he had sworn to
our people as to what area should com-t , , , • , i.n#, an.\ ......
. love und cherish lu life and who was
prise the state, but there is unity on
the proposition of statehood of some
entitled to his respect aud commeiu-
A democratic congressman beats
'Coxey in Washington The congress-
man gets protection by a nom de wondered at. when it is
pluiue and Coxey is openlv convicted that since March 4. Is.':. fifty-seven :
One merely tried to petition eongres-;, out of sixty-three appointments mad
the other got drunk. Congressman by the interior department in our ter
loha o Neill of Missouri got on a wi ' - -.ory are non-residents, that ou
sized jair a few evenings s
went out in the role of i
insulting and striking a'.
.. nd. In view of the home rule planks I oration after death for at least
:n all party platform it is not to be the customary year considered as
onsidered | decent by the world at large
This same .Smith married again
within siNtv days after the sou! of liis
shrewd business woman whom we
know to be of high character and cul-
tured intellect. Before the marriage
a deed to the Victor block was made
to her. and we understand she cleared
up the accrued interest and taxes on
the same; and this is what Smith
meant when he said "I have saved ti*
\ ictor block,"—in other words that he
had trampled on and disgraced the
memory of a loving wife and the
mother of his children, who was scarce
yet cold in her grave, because he had a
good opportunity to marry some
money.
ith the money he married he
bought a newspaper, which, we under-
stand, is in his wife's name, and this
man—who don't own a dollar's
worth of property in Guthrie today,
and who knows about as moch about
the newspaper business as a dray
horse does of heaven, and who hasn't
any more humane sensibility than an
ox or a mule, opens up his columns
and begins to tell the people of this,
town what they must do or be run out
of town by the vitriol tongue and
scurrilous pen of Winfield S. Smith.
This skunk, who was run out of the
prineipalship of the public schools of
Owego, New York, because of his in-
decent attempts on the persons of!
young school girls who were looking
to him for education in the higher
thoughts of life: this so-called man [
who, says a letter from Chicago now
on our desk, was discharged from the
schools of a suburb of Chicago because
he was caught in a compromising posi-
tion with a female teacher: this so-
called man. whose record in this town
has shown him to be devoid of all the
higher sensibilities of manhood: this
man. who has shocked the community
by a total disregard of the mem-
ory of a cultured wife and
mother, stands up before the school
board and vituperates Prof. Mallory, a
Christian gentleman and a scholar, and
tells the school board that he will
eternally damn them unless they run
the city schools the way this erstwhile
libertine, agitator and semi-lunatic
says they shall.
Isn t it about time that the officials
and the men in this town give this
reprobate to understand that he has
fooled nobody and that they under-
stand that he is no more a criterion
for higher education, exalted morals
and good business methods than a
polecat is an example of the sweetest
arpmas of life'.'
This town has been built without
heeding the advice of such wild-eved
egotists as Winfield S. Smith, and we
may as well have Smith understand
that it will continue to be built con-
trary to his wishes and advices. The
next public body before which he ap-
pears with such a speech as he made
before the school board the other
night should, if it desires to maintain
its good name and the reputation of
this community for decency and re-
spectability, have some man in it who
will throw Smith out the most conven-
ient window.
Smith, with his mouth, is a very
brave man. No man not a coward
would act as he has since he has been
in this town. No man but a cowardly
ruffian, lost to all humane sensibili-
ties, would have stepped from the
grave of his wife and the mother of his
children to the hymeneal altar—from
the habiliments of woe to the
raiments of joy—before the sexton had
scarcely finished rounding up the
grave of the woman who had presided i
over his home for many years with
love and fidelity.
Smith, now that he has a newspaper,
seems to deem it a club which he can
hold over the heads of the good men
and good women of this community
and make them dance to Smith music.
He may as well understand here and
now that this community is not yet so
degraded that it will accept as its
guardian a man so far down the scale
of decency a- Winfield S. Smith. He
may as well understand, that a news-
paper which the owner attempts to
use as a mule driver does his whip will
recoil the lash and whip to destruc-
tion the aileged man who:attempts to
wield it
IF 1 SHOULD DIE TO-SIOHT.
[At the request of several, which we
feel sure echoes the wish of many, we j
republish this lovely old favorite—one
of those heart poems which have the
eternal youth of an ever-fresh appeal
to the deepest portions of human na-
ture. Its tender beauty and pathos
can undergo no change with years.
The authorship is variously claimed:
all that is absolutely certain is that it
is about thirty years old. It was re-
cited by Dr. llurton during his last
sermon, with his inimitable charm of
delivery. ]
If I «boultl die 'ouipht.
My friend* would look upon my i{Uiet face
B«*f« r* they laid it in it* reatiug place.
And derm that d«atii had left it almost fair .
And laying xnow-white (lowers against my
hair.
Would smooth it down with tearful tenderness.
And fold mj hands with lingering rare**
Poor hands, so empty aud so fold tonight'
If I should die to night,
My friends would trail to mind, with loving
thought,
aome kindly deeds the Icy hands bad wrought:
Some gentle words the frozen lips had said;
Errands ou which the willlug feet had sped
The memory of my selrtshnem and pride.
My hasty word*, would all be put aside.
And so I should be loved and mourned to-
night.
If I should die to-night,
8 en hearts estranged would turn once more to
me,
Ke«*alling other days remorsefully;
The eye* that chill me with averted glam-e
Would look upon me as of yore, perchance.
And soften in the old familiar way—
For who could war with dull unconscious clay '
So I might rest forgiven of all to-mgbt.
o. friends, I pray to-night,
Keep not your kl**eg for my dead cold brow :
The way i«. lonely, let me fe«l them now.
Think geutly of me—I am travel-worn:
My faltering feet are pierced by many a thorn.
Forgive, o hearts estranged, forgive, I plead
When dreamless rest is mine I shall not need
The tenderness lor which I long to night.
tirst wife hud
tfone
to Uod, shocking
and people demand self-government and the tender sensibilities of every man
er," statehood, and a release from tht
iinp ritorial voke that allows such ae
Ho was arrest t
;iee station and *
line Ind pat up
• ex
st. and the <
reirret its v
• arire
arm womai
stands
ii a v
who knew the eircum-
he wrote to thi> town
saved the Victor block
Thk i'erry Democrat says; *'(. rover
leveland. president of the I'oited
States, i- a friend of silver and a bi-
metallic.'* It. of course, threw in
the president of the United State" so
people would know who "Grover
' le t and" is. It would have done
t r to have labeled a friend of sil-
hich certainly is unknown to
> f the United ^ta*. --
THAT "STRIP STEAL. "
Some well informed men can often
be very ignorant. Mr. Admire, in his
Kingfisher Free Press, has some very
sweet things to say about Governor
Renfrow. In fact, there appears to
have sprung up a strange love between
•lake and the old "galM from Arkan-
saw. Admire tries to make out that
the fur ximiU letter sent by Governor
Renfrow to Rob Ray and published in
the Kansas City .Journal, is "a harm-
less sort of thing,M This declaration
is born of ignorance. Mr. Admire
knows none of the circumstances, and
therefore cannot see the subterranean
significance of that letter.
If Mr. Admire had been reading cer-
tain religious journals of this territory
he would have seen that the private
secretary of the Governor, every time
an appointee came in for his commis-
sion, would buttonhole said county
clerk, tell him how "I got you this
job" and present to him a list of about
$3,000 worth of county supplies the
said clerk must sign. It was the Gov-
ernor's will, said the private secretary
in several instances. The clerks had
no time to figure up the list, to ascer-
tain its value. Then the lists were
hustled to Hall A O'Donald, To-
peka, who made every par-
ticle of the work, giving Hoff-
man simply a per cent to act as
middle man and bring the gubernato-
rial pressure down on the victims. No'
county commissioners were appointed
for sixty days, some not for ninety
days. In the meantime, the good:
had come from Topeka to the county
clerks, the clerks realized the enor
mity of the responsibility they had
been hoodooed into assuming, and
they refused to open and use the
goods. When the commissioners met,
they at once decided that a sneak had
been run on them and in "N"' county
Robt. J. Ray and the board refused to
sanction the orders and advertised for
bids as did the boards in several other
counties.
The situation was desperate for the
foreign concern and the middle man
and where the governor fell down on
himself was in allowing Hoffman to
use him to get those goods delivered.
Hoffman claimed to have bought the
goods outright from the Topeka
house and that to fail to deliver them
would make him several degrees less a
millionaire. The Governor then sent
a similar letter to that sent Ray to the
various boards, declaring that "I
directed the different officers I ap-
pointed in the various counties to pur-
chase such blanks and records as they
actually might need." and that he ex-
pected his boards to approve the or-
ders. The boards thought the ' actu-
ally might need" clause had been out-
rageously stuffed and Ray and others,
refusing to sanction such business,
were let out—their services were no
longer needed. Ray. far from being
a spectacular ass," as Admire calls
him. was too much of a man to allow
the Governor to use him. The Gov-
ernor failed considerably to carry his
scheme, as evidenced by the big cuts
most of the commissioners made 011
the Hoffman bills, though allowing
them at a much higher price than the
bids of other houses.
The Governor's advice, as voiced in
that letter, cost the strip counties
probably eight or ten thousand dol-
lars -and if carried as at first planned,
would have cost them $20,000. The
people have had no trouble in making
up their minds as to whether the Gov-
ernor had any direct interest in this
deal. In forcing this work outside of
Oklahoma and then, a?
daring, in asking that
low the bills, that
I
1 pie to surmise that
arm interest was not
ve f the dear people
Lung Troubles
show a tendency toward
Consumption. A Cough is
often the beginning. Don't
wait until your condition is
more serious. Take
Scott's
Emulsion
the Cream of Cod-liver Oil,
at once. It overcomes all the
conditions that invite the
Consumption Germs. Phy-
sicians, the world over, en-
dorse it.
Don't bi iieilni b| Sikstitutis!
Pr*p«r«l by gMlt M Bows*. N. Y- Alt DruffW,
Thf.re is much truth in the follow-
ing remarks of Mr. J. F. Wade of Kan>
5 s. giyintf a reason for severing b:s
allegiance to the populist party. "I
left it," he says, "because the populis|
party is run by lawyers without
clients, by doctors without patient, by
preachers without pulpits, by women
without husbands, by farmers with-
out farms, by financiers without
finance, by educators without educa-
tion, by statesmen out of a job."
l'BOF. MaLLOby, there is now no
doubt, will be re-elected superintend-
ent of schools by almost an unani-
mous vote. The contemptible fight
made on him by one moral skunk who
wants the job himself that he may re-
peat what he was kicked from two
principalsliips for, has brought out the
condition of our schools and the quali-
fications of Prof. Mallory. The peo-
ple have discovered that not a single
valid reason can be offered for a fail-
ure to retain Supt. Mallory. The
schools are in excellent organization,
teachers, pupils and parents being
alike satisfied.
Once in a while a newspaper must
demonstrate its fumigating qualities.
When some little pismire rises up and
tries to run a "sandy" on decent peo-
ple—to tell them what they munr door
be driven from the town—it is just as
well to enquire into the reasons the
said pismire can advance as entitling
him to the prerogative of boss. When
anybody is fool enough to think atown
of 12,000 splendid people can be influ-
enced by one little carcass of ego and
moral putridity it is just as well to
have a post-mortem on the carcass and
see what's in it.
"Skcrbtaby Hoke Smith has gone
to Georgia on a business trip." says a
Washington dispatch, "liefore leav-
ing ne stated that the charges against
Governor Renfrow would be investi-
gated without delay. It is understood
here that the president and Secretary
Smith will first send a trusted agent
to Oklahoma to look into the matter
and will be largely guided by his re-
port. The president told a western
senator a few days ago that he would
demand a most thorough and search-
ing examination into all the charges
made against the governor."
Kinufishkr 1* ree Press: The demo-
crats have found great fault with the
republican press for its lack of respec
for the court. The Guthrie Leader
shows how the democratic press re-
spects the courts when the shoe is on
the other foot—or, in other words,
when the judge is a republican. On
the «th inst. it thus refers to Judge
Burford:
"Rurford never loses an opportunity
i to demonstrate his partisanship. It is
high time this administration dispenses
with the services of a meddlinir, im-
p jrtunate chump.''
This paper tit January 1st-
j89. , lor .")(> rents, cash in
advance.
per letter, de-
his boards al-
Thk democracy of Oklahoma. beiDg
held in the hand of Cleveland's ap-
pointees. can not refuse to resolve for
Cleveland's single standard ideas.
They will declare for gold. The ad-
ministration organs are already shap-
ing this, as evidenced by thus, from
the Press-Gazette:
"The majority of the western people
are in favor of free silver, and almost
e^ erv democrat in the west and south
is a srec silver man, but awav down in
the hearts of many of them there is a
feeling that possibly they be wrong
and that (.rover Cleveland's ideas in
regard to the finances are correct."'
Ofcourse.it would be the gracious
and sensible thing for Cleveland s fa-
vorites to lead the democracy to stand
by Grover and his anti-silver theories.
That the people won't is not a consid-
eration of democracy.
FERRY'S
SEEDS
Are Just H'hnt everj
• w« r HHHls. The u\er
Ferry'i S*rdi
I -111 i!„ I,Mil.,lam.ui,|F.
on which lias heen built the
ri: st < ,1 business in the worlu.
Ferry's Seed Annual for ls^-i
ttteM farming kn
for the asl
D. M. FERRY Js CO.,
Detroit, Mich
Free
Upcoming Pages
Here’s what’s next.
Search Inside
This issue can be searched. Note: Results may vary based on the legibility of text within the document.
Tools / Downloads
Get a copy of this page or view the extracted text.
Citing and Sharing
Basic information for referencing this web page. We also provide extended guidance on usage rights, references, copying or embedding.
Reference the current page of this Newspaper.
Greer, Frank H. Weekly Oklahoma State Capital. (Guthrie, Okla.), Vol. 6, No. 3, Ed. 1 Saturday, May 19, 1894, newspaper, May 19, 1894; (https://gateway.okhistory.org/ark:/67531/metapth353124/m1/4/: accessed April 19, 2024), The Gateway to Oklahoma History, https://gateway.okhistory.org; crediting Oklahoma Historical Society.