The Press-Democrat. (Hennessey, Okla.), Vol. 9, No. 39, Ed. 1 Friday, June 28, 1901 Page: 3 of 8
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FARM AM) GARDEN.
MATTERS OF INTEREST TO
AGRICULTURISTS.
Fom« Hint. Al'ont Cultiva-
tion i>f llio holl ami VleliU Thereof—
Horticulture* llllmllur* ail'l J'iurlcul-
Secretary of the Interior Hitchcock
lias requested Secretary of War Root
to send into the Kiowa, Comanche and
Apache reservations, in the Indian
Territory, a body of United States
troops to clear these reservations,
which are soon to be thrown open for
settlement of squatters, or "sooners,"
as they are known on the frontl
ed when Oklahoma was thrown open
to settlement shall be repeated. A
plan has been devised whereby each
claimant will have an equal chance
with every other claimant, although
only a small percentage of those tiling
claims will secure homesteads. Already
the applications on tile exceed by
many thousands the number of tracts
More than 1.000 of these "sooners" | of HiO acres each which are to be dis
have entered the Wichita mountains
and taken up mineral claims. The dis-
trict, which is to be divided into
homesteads of 160 acres each, is in the
Oklahoma country, and is regarded as
the most desirable farming land in the
southwest.
The department is determined that
there shall be no injustice done to the
settlers of this new reservation, anil it
does not propose that the scenes enact-
which would do business at Duucan.
On the other hand a protest has come
from Texas because the location of the
main pasture of 400,000 acres on the
Texas boundary Interferes with free
intercourse of Texas people with the
new settlement and likewise rears a
wall against the people of that state.
Secretary Root has directed that a
troop of cavalry from Fort Sill, 1 T.,
be sent Into the reservation to clear
them of the lawless element that has
ntered. The soldiers will probably be j The seei
:ept there until the day the lands are germinnt
posed of to claimants.
The town of Duncan. Okla . has made
a protest against the location of 20,-
000 acres of grazing land directly op-
posite and adjoining the military for- , thrown open W seUlemcjii
est reserve, because it raises a wall
against the town in communicating
with the new reservation when settled.
It is claimed that the land is too valu-
able for pasturage and could be easily
settled with a prosperous population.
kept
m open to settlemi
In the meantime the Kiowa Indian
have sent a representative to Wash-
ington asking that the opening da> be
postponed until Congress can examine
the treaty under which the act was I
passed.
Manurinc Wheal.
Ill a recent bulletiu on the manuiing
of soil. Prof. John Fields of the Okla
honia Experiment Station says:
In seasons w hen there is an abund-
ant summer rainfall, manure plowed
under *ill decay ami settle down, tin
the other hand, in dry seasons, and
especially if the soil is not well culti-
vated soon after plowing, manure
which is plowed under will keep the
boil open and make it dry out easily
1 then goes Into a dry soil,
s poorly giving a thin stand,
off the wheat in a weakened
CAKJSTEGIE'S CASTLE,
Andrew Carnegie is continuing in
Scotland the munificent generosity to
the aid of education as he began in tin*
United States. We were told recently
of his donation of $500,000 to establish
branch libraries in Glasgow upon the
same plan for which he gave $:i,000.-
000 to Greater New York. Last w
by the family of Doul. Misfortune
overtook the latter, and since that
time the curse has been fulfilled in «his
that no family has possessed Skibo
for more than one generation.
It lias passed through many hands,
including the Maekays. the Gordons,
the Dempsters and the Chirnsides, ill-
UUU 1(1 VllfUtCl .'C" ' "• I .. .1.1 , 1
came the news of his gift of $10,000,- luck pursuing them all. until the place
000 to establish free scholarships in was acquired by Andrew Carnegie, who
for apparently is not superstitious, as he
assured his tenants and neighbors the
the historic Scotch universith
poor young Scotchmen.
Of course, this is a materialistic age,
and no one, on this side of the At-
lantic at least, pays any attention to
superstititions. But there are folks in
Scotland (110 insinuation is meant
against the Scotch, but their old le-
gends have greater influence than in
this new country, especially among the
folk on the country side)—who believe
that by these donations, Andrew Car-
negie will lift the curse from Skibo
Castle, the old estate which he has
purchased as his home in the High-
lands.
Every one north of the Tweed is
cognizant of the fact that a blood-
curdling curse rests upon Skibo Castle,
and the Scots are asking whether this
curse will work against the American
owner in the same way that the curse
pronounced against the third Lord
Byron (who made a drinking cup ot'
the skull of one of the old Abbots of
Newstead Abbey), continued to blight
not only all the subsequent owners and
occupants of Newstead Abbey, includ-
ing the poet Lord Byron, until the late
Colonel Webb a few years ago found
the long lost drinking cup in an old
curiosity shop jn London, and by re-
storing it to the Abbot's tomb at New-
stead put an end to the curse that
rested on the place.
The ban resting upon Skibo Castle
dates from the early part of the eight-
eenth century, when by some foul
wrong the Grays, who had owned the
castle for several hundred years, were
deprived of their ancestral possessions
other day that he intended Skibo to
be the home of his family "for many
generations."
lie is very popular in the district by
reason of the money he has brought
into the country, and is known there
as "Skibo," in the same way as most
other territorial magnates are known
by the name of their land, rather than
by their patronymic.
Arbitration for Ch na.
If the international tribunal < stab
lislied by the conference at The Hague
has any practical usefulness the dis-
pute among the powers at Pekin at
fords an opportunity to ptu it to the
test. The suggestion of the United
States to refer the question of In-
demnity to this tribunal is worthy of
a civilized nation. Its adoption is
scarcely probable unless the powers
i should find it impossible to reach an
j agreement in any other way.
j The island of Chios, in the Aegean
sea. has an oak the age of which is
1 believed to be twenty-two centuries.
C'ARNE GIK'S SCOTTISH SKA I
\ NT) RE VV
SKIBO CASTLh
and start
condition.
This makes the manuring of land
sown continuously to wheat difficult.,
and in such cases, it would appear that
a top-dressing, well worked into the
surface of the soil, would be the best
and safest practice.
Attempts to follow Kafir corn or
sorghum with wheat have very often
resulted in failure. "Kafir corn ruins
the land" U an expression frequently
heard in conversation with farmers.
When the matter is studied, It is found
that, alter all, it is largely a question
of the supply of moisture in the soil
Kaflr corn grows a large mass of for-
age and usee the soil moisture up until
the time of wheat seeding, and the
wheat goes into a soil without suiil-
cient moisture for the germination of
the seeds and the growth of the plants.
Early plowing of land for wheat
does little but prepare the soil so that
it will take in water and keep it.
Working the soil, keeping the surface
loose, helps out a dry season by hold-
ing the water in the soil. Cultivation
at the proper times as much to bo pre-
ferred to manuring when there is 110
opportunity for the soil to till with
moisture before a crop is to be planted.
The effect of a given crop 011 the
moisture content of the soil has more
to do with the yield of the next crop
than does the amount of plant-food
removed from the soil.
Cultivation and manuring as much
as possible of each—and study and
knowledge of the true effect of differ
ent crops on available soil moistuie
are essential to a profitable and im-
proving system of farming. The day of
crop failures, worn out farms, and
purchase of fertilizers should be put
off by the use of things at hand that
cost only energy, time, and labor to
utilize and possess.
Marketing Small Fruit..
Berry growers should soon purchase
their supply of berry boxes and bask-
ets in which they expect to market
their fruit the coining season, says a
communication from the Oklahoma
Experiment Station. The tub or large
bucket and quart cup are the packages
that have been in most common use
in the berry market in Oklahoma, but
ire giving away to neat woouen quart
and crates. The cost of the
vision are given as follows: Apples
80, pears 73. peaches 90, plums, 8.>, |
cherries 05. strawberries 70. raspber- >
ries 00, blackberrios 75. grapes 85.
Ill the southeast division (32 coun- j
ties) the following averages were ob-
tained Apples sr.. pears 00. peaches
and plums 95, cherries 85. strawber-
ries ',10, raspberries 70, blackberries 90,
grapes 90.
The averages for the southwest di-
vision which embraces 38 counties are
as follows: Apples 90. pears 76,
peaches 95, plums 90, cherries 75.
strawberries 80, raspberries 50, black-
berries 95, grapes 85.
Agricultural Notes.
Formaldehyd is a colorless, pungent
gas obtainable from wood alcohol and
readily soluble lu water. It may lie
purchased at drug stores in liquid
form, that Is, dissolved in water. Its
property of destroying the spores of
fungi was discovered by the German
scientist Loew, in 18SS. It Is not pois-
ouous in moderate amounts, even when
taken internally. In 1895 Prof. H. 1-
Bolley, then of Indiana but now of the
North Dakota Experiment Station, be-
gan making experiments with a solu-
tiou of formaldehyd tor the prevention
of grain smuts, and potato scab. His
results were so satisfactory that the
formaldehyd treatment lias come to be
regarded as the standard preventive
tor these diseases.
Smooth brome-grass will withstand
extreme changes in the temperature
without injury. Its ability to produce
goud pasture during long periods of
drought fur exceeds that of any other
cultivated variety, lu Canada wliero
it had been exposed to a temperature
of several degrees below zero and not
covered by snow it was entirely un-
injured.
The yield of hay from smooth
brome-grass varies from one to four
and a half tons per acre according to
climatic conditions, method of seed-
ing, and fertility of soil. The quality
of the hay is excellent, fully equaling
that of timothy in payability aud
nutritive qualities.
• • •
In experiments with hairy votch at
the Mississippi station thu yield was
increased 64.G per cent by scattering
inoculated soil in the drills with the
seed, and 31 per cent by soaking the
seed In water containing tin* tubercle
germs. The amount of nitrogen was
also considerably increased by inocu-
lation. The inoculated soil used was
obtained from a field bearing hairy
vetch which had an abundance of
nodules.
• • •
Have you tested the clover seed? It
pays to do so.
The origin of clover seed is of much
importance, but receives little atten-
tion from farmers, who buy their seed
without ever attempting to ascertain
its placo of origin. Yet scientists that
have looked into the matter believe
that, as a general rule, seed grown in
northern latitudes will produce
hardier plants than seed grown in the
South.
Maryland has made considerable ad-
vancement in the study of the surface
soils of the state, and colored maps
them.
Many-Tongtied telephone.
4
One of the most striking inventions i
recently made is the telegraphone. !
w'hich may be described as a coinbin- ;
ation of telephone and phonograph.
It was devised by Mr. Poulsen of Co-
penhagen, Denmark. The telegraphon-
le distributor, as the instrument is
called, enables any one to send a mes-
sage to a number of destinations by
speaking once. The Instrument de-
pends for its action upon the fact that
the variations of the magnetic field
of an electro-magnet are so accurately
represented by the magnetization of a
steel wire which is drawn through it,
that if the wire be again passed
through the field, currents exactly
similar to those which reproduced the
magnetization of the wire aie it pio
duced in the coils of the magnet. A
steel wire is wound in spiral grooves,
ou a revolving non-magnetic drum.
Upon this wire rests two poles of an
electro-magnet connected with a mic-
rophone transmitter. Any sounds such
as vocal speech, or instrumental music,
actuating the diaphram of the trans-
mitter, are transferred as magnet im-
pulses to the electro-magnet, which,
j when the drum is set in motion, at
j once communicates them to the re-
volving wire. The two poles of the
magnet gripping the sides of the wire
are carried along a sliding rod later-
ally, until the end of the coiled wire
is reached. Thereupon a device shunts
the carrier—i. e., the traveling elec-
tro-magnet on to another mechan-
SccVion receiving \
repealing
rri<'llin9
mjqner.x.r.u* i«t ui>
fccgivinq
*> "
permanent HlfMr!.
ically revolving spiral, which quickly
takes the carrier back to its original
position. The instrument is now ready
to reproduce all that the wire has re-
ceived. ( onnect the magnetic-carrier
to an ordinary telephone receiver, and,
traveling over the same ground as he-
fore, the poles will be actuated this
time by the magnetized wire, and will
retransmit to the receiver what they
had previously imparted to the wire.
The result is that the telephone re-
ceiver now speaks everything that had
been spoken into the microphone
transmitter. In the distributor a num-
ber of electro-magnets take the place
of the second (re-transmitting) mag-
net.
A Ibuayj ICTfcwo Sides.
Many seem to think that there is
but a single side tc the question of
| electing senators by direct vote oi the
people. The National Civic Federa-
tion recently undertook to get an ex
pression of the popular sense on tills
subject. They held a kind of refer
endum and, in reply to their inquiries,
received a great many replies. There
are two sides to every question and
they ascertained that there were two
also to this.
Mrs. Hanna Omeger of New York
city, according to Law Notes, recently
recovered $750 damages for Injuries
sustained by an icicle falling from a
tank on top of the defendant's build-
ing through the skylight of her house
and striking the good dame on the
crown Of her head. She was not only
knocked senseless, but was Interrupted
in the midst of her dinner, which,
when she recovered, had grown cold.
For all of these things she asked $15.-
000 damages.
Professors George F. .iewett of
Youngstown, O., who recently resigned
boxe
boxes and crates Is very small and it
greatly improves the appearance of t.h<
fruit. The berries should he put In
the baskets just us they arc gathered.
This prevents the necessity of further
handling, crushing and soiling the
fruit. It can then be delivered in bet-
ter condition and is worth more in
dollars and cents to the consumer.
Berries that are placed in small bask
ets as fast as they are gathered will
keep fresh much longer and will sell
for a higher price than the berries that
were of the same quality when gath-
ered but have been handled In bulk
'1 he increase in price of the berries
will much more than pay for the boxes
and crates. The ease with which crated
berries can he sold is often of great
importance especially in a full market
The claim Is often made that fruit, is
so cheap that it wilt not pay tor the
boxes. This Is sometimes true but the
difference in price of the crated and
uncrated berries is often the difference
between a profit and a loss in favor
of the crated fruit. There are several
kinds of boxes and crates used for
small fruits any of which answers the
purpose very well. A quart package Is
the most common size used for berries
These boxes are made of wood or
paste-board and are always given witli
the fruit. The crates are made of
wooden slats and usually hold 35 quart
boxes. These can be usad during the
entire season when the berries are sold
in the home market, but if shipped new
boxes can be bought cheaper than the
old ones can be returned. The pack
ages should be clean and bright and
the packing done in good form. It is
often the package and packing that
sell the fruit as much as the merits of
the fruit Itself.
Hill
Horticultural Ofoaervi
Prof. 10. S. Goff says: Tho Wiscon-
sin oat crop of 1898 was estimated by
tho United States Department of Ag-
riculture at 61,000,000 bushels, valued
at $15,500,000. Allowing an average of
live per cent, which is probably not
an excessive estimate, tlie smut tax of
1S98 in our state amounted to about
§775,000.
f:*per!mental Taelnree,
To eveiy farmer the pasture ts Im-
portant and the science of keeping
pastures In good condition Is one of
the most necessary branches of ex-
perimentation. Pastures arc neglei ted
to a most surprising degree. At every
experiment station should be at least
one pasture kept in au ideal manner.
It U perfectly proper for a station to
handle some of its ground on wrong
principles, to show the effects of
wrong methods. But there should be
a correct standard. During the last
few days the writer lias visited two
southern stations, at each of which
the pasture was an important part of
the farm. Hut the contrast was very
marked. At one station the pasture
would not be a credit to any farmer
ill the northwest. It was worn down
to the ground, aud the growth of for-
age was meagre in the extreme. The
writer marveled at finding so poor a
pasture at a United States Experiment
Station. There was some good stock
feeding upon it, but the area to be fed
over was necessarily great.
At the other station the pasture was
a credit to the station and could bo
used as u pattern by any farmer to
advantage. It was small in area, but
the forage was dense. During all last
year it pastured a good deal more
than one cow per acre. The soil was
thick and was made up of the matted
roots of several varieties of grasses.
Tho varieties of grass had been chosen
to give continuous feed throughout
the year. One variety matures at one
time and another at another time.
When one kind Is eaten off and no
longer sends up new growth, another
Is Just giving its greatest volume of
leaf aud stalk. Summer and winter that
pasture is good. The cattle are not
kept on one pasture all of the time,
but are put on another pasture when-
ever the first pasture shows a sign of
getting weak. One of the professors
said to the writer: "We could not pos-
sibly put that land into any grain
;rop that would yield profit equal to
thill we receive from pasturing it."
That tells the story of the whole situa-
tion as It exists north and south, so
far as pastures are concerned.
The good pasture mentioned is
watched us carefully as any part of tho
' farm and is given irealmeut of manures
whenever it needs it. The cattle on
It receive a dally feed of bran and oil
I meal, and thus the ground daily re-
ceives droppings rich in nitrogen. If it
ever does become thin it will be put
Into some other crop for awhile. 1 hus
will be brought in the question of ro-
tation of pastures, one of the greatest
of importance on thin or sandy lands.
In the south especially this work with
the pastures Is one that should not be
neglected. If over the southern farm
Is to he made a general farm It must
have a good pasture, and on some
lands, especially those that leak bad-
ly, that means rotation of the pastures
with something else.
The writer does not wish to crlctl-
clse the work of any experiment sta-
tion, but he cannot help feeling that
the subject under discussion Is ot
primo Importance. Said one station
director, "Come and see our expeii-
mental grass plats; 1 notice you north-
ern men that come down here always
inquire about them, and I reckon you
will be interested." Yes, the northern
farmer Is Interested in the grasses, for
ho knows that they are, in ills section,
the basis of all general farming. Ho
cannot help wondering how the south-
ern farmer can do anything without
them, at least for pasturage. We do
not believe that any obstacle exists in
the way of good pastures In the south,
and we hope they will receive full con-
sideration by all the stations.
Fruit In Mliaourl,
A report just Issued by the Missouri
State Horticultural Society states that
the strawberry crop in the southern
part of that state is being cut short by
dry weather; that raspberry vines are
badly Injured by anthracnose and thai
the crop will be light; that growers
are having trouble in some parts oi
the state with canker worm and in
others with the leaf roller, in still
others with the dropping of the apple
and peach and with the peach leaf
curl, but that good crops of the tree
fruits last named are promised never-
theless. Averages for the northwest
ern division of the state, embracing
nineteen counties, are as follows:
Apples 75, pears 70, peaches 90, plums
90, cherries 95, i t.rawberries 95. rasp
lu plants like the apple, which are
widely disp ised by means of graftage,
there is more or less departure from
tho original type. The Newtown Pip-
pin, which originated in Long Island,
has varied in Virginia into the Albe-
marle Pippin, a poorer keeper than the
original, in the Northwest it has va-
ried into a form which has live ridges
at the apex, while in Australia it is so
different as to have been renamed the
Five Clowned Pippin
All plants are made up of a succes-
sion or colony ot shoots, originating in
buds. These shoots show as much
tendency to vary as do seedlings. The
degree of variation is not usually as
great, since the latter unite the quali-
ties of two parents, while the former
are the product of one parent. Never-
theless, sudden and marked bud varia-
tions are not uncommon. As a mat-
ter of fact, many ot our cultivated va-
rieties have originated from bud
sports The nectarine came from a
branch of the peach. A French horti-
culturist gave, In 1865, a list of 151
commercial varieties which had origi-
nated by bud variation, while Prof.
Bailey estimates that there are over
300 such sorts grown at present in our
own country.
llllnnU Animal Com Crop.
Illinois' annual corn crop, about
240,000,000 bushels, is raised on nearly
8.000,000 acres of land. It requires
about 1,000,000 bushels of seed corn
to plant the corn fields of this state.
If the character ( f the seed lias any
considerable influence upon the crop
produced then the production and use
of the best possible seed corn becomes
a matter of tremendous importance.—
Bulletin 63, University of Illinc;*.
MR. POl'LSEN'S TELEPHONIC lUa 1 ftlBl 1 OK
.,,,ii berries 65, blackberries 80 and grapes
as principal of the Haven High school, j ™
has accepted the presidency of La Sal 8 j Tbe averageg for ti,e twenty-fivt
Seminary for Young Women In Uosto . | c(;untles emi,raced in the northeast di
How lu I>rei s Calvce.
Calves from three to six weeks old.
and weighing about one hundred
pounds, or say from eighty to ono
hundred and twenty pounds, are the
most desirable weights for shipment.
The head should be cut out, so as to
leave the hide of the head on the skin.
The legs should he cut off at the knee
joint. The entrails should all be re-
moved, excepting the kidneys; the liv-
er, lights and heart should be taken
out.. Cut the carcass open from the
neck through the entire length—from
head to bumgut. If this is done they
are not so apt to sour and spoil dur-
ing hot weather. Many a fine carcass
lias spoiled in hot weather because of
It not being cut open. Don't wash
the carcass out with water, but wipe
out with a dry cloth. Don t ship until
the animal heat is entirely out of the
body, and never tie the carcass up in
a bag. as this keeps the air from circu-
lating. and makes the meat more liable
to become tainted.
Mark for shipment by fastening a
shipping tag to the hind leg. Calves
under fifty pounds should not be
shipped, aud are liable to be con-
demned by the health officers as being
unfit for food. Merchants, too. are li-
able to be fined, if found selling these
slunks, for violation of the law. Very
heavy calves, such as have been fed on
buttermilk, never sell well in our mar-
ket—they are neither veal nor beef.
The average yield of wheat in Eng-
land is about 30 bushels to the acre.
In the United States it is less than
half that. The difference represents
difference in methods. American
iiiethod.s are slowly changing in the
direction of tho English methods as
to wheat raising. It Is therefore log-
ical to figure on a greatly increased
American
wheat production from
Accord'ng to J. D. Smith, slate en- j soils, in tho future,
tomologisc of New Jersey, who has
spent three months examining the
fruit industry of Germany, France,
Belgium, Holland and Hungary, tier-
many offers the most promising Held
for American fruit. He thinks France
Is unfavorable and says that Europe
has very little to teach us in the treat-
ment of insect enemies, for the con-
clusive reason that pests are less
troub'esome t'ufre than In this coun-
try.
Tho sun is nearer to the earth in
winter than in summer; the northern
hemisphere of the earth is turned from
the sun. however, so that the sun's
lavs strir.n at an angle, not directly as
In surames.
The barn yard fowl is gradually de-
creasing 1': numbers. The thorough-
breds are their place on the
farm.
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Wells, J. E. The Press-Democrat. (Hennessey, Okla.), Vol. 9, No. 39, Ed. 1 Friday, June 28, 1901, newspaper, June 28, 1901; Hennessey, Oklahoma. (https://gateway.okhistory.org/ark:/67531/metadc98261/m1/3/: accessed April 17, 2024), The Gateway to Oklahoma History, https://gateway.okhistory.org; crediting Oklahoma Historical Society.