The Dewey Weekly Globe (Dewey, Okla.), Vol. 1, No. 40, Ed. 1 Friday, September 13, 1912 Page: 3 of 4
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| OME of the most fascinating chapters
in* the book of science deal with the
----vi- story of the way the various animals
which Inhabit the earth, each after
its own kind, have come about
through long ages of tentative devel-
opment during a thousand genera*
tlons. When the fossil remains of
% lm other beasts than those we know
I# were first studied at the beginning of
the last century, there were many
-searchings of heart among the pious
of that day, and instead of looking
upon them as the most wonderful
entries In nature's ledger, some good
people regarded them as the mall*
clous Inventions pf tne devil, Intend*
ed to lead astray th« over-curious.
In bis book, "The Ox and Its Kin-
dred" (Methuen), Lydekker tolls
us the story of our domestic cattle
as It is revealed by the examination
ef the various species, living wild
end in captivity, and by tip fossil
remains of their progenitors. Al-
though there are a very large num-
ber of species belonging to the sub-
order Artlodactyla (the Oreek word
artlos, meaning equal, and dactuios,
toe), which comprises the ox and
the other remunlnants (1. e.. animals
that have the power of regurgitating
and remastlcatlng their food), their
history is not so well displayed by
their fossil remains as that of the
Perissodactyla, or odd-toed, hoofed
animals, which have only the horse
and some half-dozen other reprssen-
, tatives.
Both families consist, of course, of
hoofed animals; but the ox group
differs widely from the horse and
Its relations through the special de-
velopment of the stomach required
by ruminants, instead of the simple
and almost Imperceptible divisions
Into cardiac and pylovic portions
common to man and most other ani-
mals. The stomach of the ox has
fiye chambers, two of which consti-
tute the rumen, or paunch; In thia
the grass Is first stored after it is
•cut by the Incisors acting against
the pad which takes their place in
the upper jaw. When the animal has taken in __
much food as It requires it seeks a place of safety
if wild, or settles down In the field If domesti-
cated, and proceeds to regurgitate, that Is to say,
bring back the food It has taken In, and chew it
up In the powerful mill formed by its cheek or
molar teeth. When the food has been re-swal-
lowed It Is taken Into the reticulum, or honey-
comb chamber, of the stomach, where it is acted
upon by the digestive Juices, and Is then passed
on through the paalterium, or manyplles, the abo-
masum and pyloric opening into the small Intes-
tine.
W£en a ruminant is encaged In chewing the
cud, after a mouthful of food has been masticated
and swallowed, the animal, as may be seen If a
herd of recumbent cows are watched shortly aft-
er their meal, will remain perfectly still for a
few seconds, after which a kind of convulsive
movement will be observed In the throat, fol-
lowed by the sudden upward movement of a
"bolus" through the gullet Into the mouth to be
masticated.
The most striking feature in the structure of
members of the ox family Is the development of
the foot. Both the horse and the ox tribe have
developed towards the one end of great speed over
firm ground, and both have been
moot as completely as .
adapted themselves In diffi
a
of the horse the middle .
and the others suppressed
on the other hand, have
tral toes, hence the name
dactyla.
This specialisation has
extension of the two bom
middle 'bones of the han
the foot (metatarsals);
more or less completely
members of the family,
responding to the human
knee In oxen. Our lllus
bones of the fore foot oi
these two suborders, _
dactyla (or odd-toed) will
than much discussion. It
hoofed (ungulate) animals
of what corresponds to the'
and the claws In carnivora,
at all, if feet are looked at fr]
of creatures Uke ourselves
grade fashion.
One of the most fasclnatl
tlon with natural history Is
mem ben of the same family
themselves to the varying 1
met with. A glance at our U1
the wide extent of these varia
the. weird auroch, or wild ox
by Count von Herberstein In 1
resemblance to the phantom
than anything we know in our
day; and, no doubt, It owes
quaintness to
the artist. Even
more strange
are the Kathia-
war buffaloes of
northwestern
India, with their
pathetic expres-
sion caused by
their curling
ram-llke horns;
an ungainly, ill-
made beast but
powerful. I t
stands fully five
feet high at the
shoulder. At the
other end of the
scale comes the
_____ anoa, or pigmy
buffalo, of the island of Celebes; It is the small-
est of all the wild cattle, and la about the same
*ize as the dwarf glanl domesticated humped cat-
tle of India. It stands only three feet three
inches at the shoulder, though It Is rather higher
at the loins. "Despite Its slender build, as com-
pared with larger cattle. Its small, neat ears and
upwardly-directed horns, which incline upwards
and outwards in* the plane of the face, without
any distinct curvature, the anoa Is essentially a
buffalo whose affinities are with the Indian spe-
cies," says Mr. Lydekker.
Although the remains of the bovldae are slight,
comparatively-speaking, we have evidence that
they formed the quarry of the men of the Stone
Age, because at Cambridge the skeleton of an
aurochs, or wild ox, Is preserved which was killed
by a stone weapon, and many other skeletons
have been found which show that the animal was
slain In the chase. There is one prehistoric draw-
ing of an extinct buffalo which was found In
North Africa; but as a rule the artists of the pre-
historic ages showed very little enthusiasm .for
the ox as a subject to sketch. In spite of their
obviously keen Interest In him as an addition to
the larder; their pictures are chiefly concerned
with horses, men and dogs. Somewhat after the
J^fe-^ry *ffIcl5Tit, aa nave —
90,0001 dependent concerns; but conspicuous
45 000 i profits have been secured mainly
:ni’nnJ th mu eh control of the market
fashion of their modern brethren,
save, perhaps, Mr. Arnesby Brown
and some few others who achieve
their greatest triumphs with these
subjects. Though Mr. Arnesby Brown,
be it noted, seems to prefer the lat-
ter portions of his models for por-
traiture.
From the point of view of the geolo-
gist the ox tribe are a modern group,
and only date back to the early part
of the Pliocene, or upper division of
the Tertiary epoch. They are related
to the antelopes, and may own cousln-
shlp with the gnus of Africa; but
their direct ancestors are still un-
known. The earliest representatives
of the group are very similar to buffa>-
loes, which constitute, In some re-
spects, the most primitive of the liv-
ing forma, and are those whose horns
come nearest In shape to those of
gnus.
The group Is of okl-worid origin, and
the blaons were the only section
which reached America. They trav-
eled by way of Behring Strait, and at
one time reached as far south as
Texas and California, but never pene-
trated Into South America. Seven
species of American bison have been
identified.
The extinct wild cattle of Europe
and Western Asia are called aurochs
(Bos taurns primlgenlus); they were
represented In Algeria and Tunis by
a local race (B. L maurltanleua). A
nearly-allied species Is the great ex-
tinct ox (B. namadlcus) of the super-
ficial, or Pleistocene, gravels of the
valley of the Narbada In Central India.
In Northern India, In the well-known Tertiary
deposits of the Slwallks Hills and other low
ranges at the foot of the Himalaya, remains of
several kinds of cattle are met with, and as these
Slwgjlk strata are at least early Pliocene, their
fossil cattle are the oldest known members of
the group. The largest and most remarkable of
these Slwallk forms of typical oxen is the one
for which Mr. Lydekker proposed the name B.
acutlfrons. From the aurochs and its relatives
this Slwallk ox is distinguished by the sharp
longitudinal ridge down the middle of the fore-
head. More or less perfect skullB of a very re-
markable type oi1 ox have been obtained from
the alluvial upper Pliocene deposits of the Val
d’Arno In Tuscany, and corresponding formations
In Bouthern France. This extinct Etruscan ox
(B. elatus or B. etruscus) represents a distinct
subgenus known as Leptobos, and Is character
lzed by the absence of horns in the cows, and by
those of the bulls arising on each side of the
skull from a point nearly midway between the
occiput and the socket of the eye; the skull It-
self Is also remarkable for its shortness. •
Another Interesting progenitor of the ox Is the
great extinct bison (B. priscus) of the caverns
and gravels of England and the superficial forma-
tions of Eui$pe. This animal differed from the
living species In the enormous size of Its horns.
Might Maks Money.
“Fhther, our daughter Is being courted by a
poet”
"Is that so, mother? Ill kick him out”
“Not so fast. Investigate first and find out
whether be works for a magazine or for a break-
fast-food factory.”
asks a uuru, pic.
Couldn't Fool Jimmie.
Teacher—Away back In 1776, Washington was
the nation's champion.
Jimmie—Aw! Whatchu givln* us? The Wash-
ington team never won the champeenshlpl—
Judge.
flfflf COUNTY EXHIBITS FOR
STATE fllR UNO EXPOSITION
Already More Than Twenty Have Entered and Indications are
Whole State Will Be Represented at the Big Show
• September 24th to October 5th.
Mors than fifty counties are ex-
pected to have county exhibits at the
Oklahoma State Fair and Exposition
this year. Already more than twenty
have entered and Secretary I. S. Ma-
han reports that he is In correspond-
ence with at least thirty others.
Among the counties that have already
engaged space might be mentioned
the following: Harper, Kay, Caddo,
Okmulgee, Woodward, Roger Mills,
Cleveland, Johnston, Noble, Lincoln,
Dewey, Custer, Greer, OkfuBkee,
Grant, Haskell, Washita and others.
On July 1, 1911, only seven counties
had engaged space, and when the
doors of the b^ agricultural building
were thrown open there were no less
state, as shown by the correspondence
In Secretary Mahan’s office.
Fifteen cash premiums hare been
offered by tbe Oklahoma State Fair
and Exposition this year for county
collective exhibits. It seems certain,
therefore, that when tbe gates of the
State Fair and Exposition are opened!
wide on September 24, to remain opes
until October 5, the agricultural build>
lng will furnish the greatest com*
poslte picture of the state's resource*
ever made. The premiums will b*
distributed as follows: First 92004
second $150, third |125, fourth |100]
fifth $90, sixth 980, seventh 976, elghtbl
970, ninth 965, tenth 960, eleventh 966^
twelfth 950, thirteenth 946, fourteenth
940, fifteenth 930. Winner of first pro*
mium will receive a beautiful silver
First Prize Winner at 1911 State Fair
than twenty-six fine county displays.
The show was admitted to be an eye-
opener as every one regarded Okla-
homa crops as literally destroyed by
the drouth. Every county baring a
display put on its best with the re-
sult that the counties represented re-
ceived a world of advertising. The
exhibitors were so well pleased and
the good work brought such splendid
results that so far as Is known every
one of these counties will be back
tgaln this year with bumper crop ex,*
hlblts. The enthusiasm is rapidly
spreading to other counties of the
trophy which was awarded to Nobid
county last year. The trophy (a silved
loving enp), will be returned to th*
Oklahoma State Fair and Exposition
to be competed for at the sixth
fair this fall. The sum of 9100 had
been offered by A. H. Classen of Okie*
homa City to be distributed equal!/
among the county exhibits not recel**
lng one of the fifteen premiums, ad
such county to receive over 925.00.
Full details concerning county as
bibits will be sent to any person of
organization in any part of the staff
on application to Secretary L B. If*
han, Oklahoma City.
~*VVVWWVVVVWWWWVVWW\AWWVV\rt^^.. ...yvvv^,
Passing ef ths Tollgate.
The passing today of the old toll-
gate at tbe northern entrance to the
city Is well worthy of the fireworks,
oratory, and general Jublicatlon which
la has Inspired. Strangers entering
Baltimore by the Relsterstown road
ooold hardly believe that this wea
really a city of the fifth order, when
a village functionary had first to lift
s bar and demand their pennies be-
tas they were permitted to enter the
sacred metropolitan confines. The
good roads movement, so Intelligently
srged and fostered by Governor
Crothers and ths Democratic party,
las already done more to Instill life
and enterprise and a new spirit into
the counties of this state th«u all
ether movements of recent years com-
bined. The passing of the old toll-
gate is symbolical of the new order
and the larger spirit of enterprise
and progress.
Lovers' Tokens.
8panish lovers present their fi-
ancees with fans on which they have
written the most Impassioned poetry,
embroidered garters with love mottoes
woven in silk, and innumeabrle boxes
of sweets. Engagement rings are not
given, tbe bride-elect receiving In-
stead a gold medal, which ahe wears
suspended from a «ha<» round her
neck.
term.
secured mainly
M3’0M monopoly .. Hi
423.000
226.000
201,000
305.000
79.000 ■
44.0001 as against
By applying the common Bense test
to Rooseveltiau romance Governor
Wilson manages to keep the country
both amused and thoughtful.
through
through ure " — —------- -
prlces-through this exercise of the
taxing power. •
Third—No conspicuous trust has
been efficient enough to maintain long
44,uuu ] as against the Independents its pro- Qoy wllBOU
145,000; portion of the business of the country | ^ at lhe New ----
194.000 without continuing to buy up, from .. -suppose you had a Hou o
219.000 time to time, Its successful compotl- Representatives mixed like the pre -
136 000 ¥ wft r.ould all go
75,000
Gov Wilson said to the newspaper
U0T* . ----York press Club
ing 32000 barrels.
For the lust two month? there
has been greater activity m the
Dewey field- Good producing
wells have been drilled near the
♦own limits on three sides and
leases on land adjacent to the town
are commanding high prices
Sparrow Travels 3400 MIIm.
Tho most Intereating traveler that
came to port yesterday waa a porky
English sparrow that flew aboard tho
steamship Austrian Prince In Now-
castle, England, and made tile 2,000-
mlle voyage to this country in ths rig-
***“ “ld the bird
Would Encourage Marriage
Citizens from Aculoo, state of Max*
loo, have coma to this city, says th*
Mexican Her lad,ot ...,b gtUUn..no
Mexican Herald, to complain against
tbe action of the parish priest who>
recommend* that all men of marriage-
able age should marry because if they
do not they ere liable to be enlisted
by means of a lottery and made 14
serve in the army.
Kerosene
We cannot say too much about the
great value of kerosene as a helper la
cleaning time. It causes dirt and
grime to vanish like a charm. It t*
good to use in boiling clotheiL It will
remove iron rust and fruit stains from
almost any kind of fabric. It la aa
excellent bath for the old clock that
la too full of dust and grease to keep
time any longer. It la excellent t*
use in wiping off furniture and herd-
wood floors. Aa a fuel It in com
venlent and economical.
- Worlds Good Things For All
Along all our pathways aweet flow
era are blossoming, if we will only
•top to pluck them and smell »v-*r
fragrance. In every meadow blida are
warbling, calling to their mates and
■oaring into the blue, if we only stop
our grumbling long enough to host
them.—Minot J. Savage, D. D.
Must Be Feld For.
Ths benefit we receive most be ne
dered again Una for line, deed for
deed, to somebody. Beware of too
much good staying la thy hand.—Ban
1 supp»» * -
In full knowledge that mffuyd and
Democrats in congrif
448.000
33.000
164.000
14.000
£LW
tors.
tuves ~ — *■
1 think we could all go
the helm and there wont be
ent Senate.
There Is plenty of peace about the he's at the ^^it^that't all
Taft candidacy, but nobody claims It any mixing. Democrat
passeth understanding." '
No Malice.
Farmer (to horse dealer)—No, I
ion’t bear ye no malice. 1 only hope
when you're chased by a peck of rav-
1 shin* ’ungry wolves you‘11 be a-drlvlng
hat 'orse you sold me.—Tit-Blta,
prominent Democrats in congrtf the
been In full sympathy with the
■is of the food law in behalfi
unholy dollar. But when th*
cratic president and rice-pr
lend the aid of their Powerful ^
thy in behalf of the public
those of their own party not
pathy with them will be rob ^
their power for evil. M Roo,‘
Taft be chosen the soldiers o
and adulteration will be impr<
entrenched for another four yei
benzoates, sulphites and adul
alcoholic beveridgea will havenee
lane of Ufa. - *
—------- “ the
ing
A Japanese Master.
At a dale in lamdon, a Japanese ool
or print of Ichikawa Danjlro, 1679*
1769, of a man seated outside a house
of ivy holding a love letter signed
Torll Klyomasu, sold for 9400.
Convenient Fall.
For the convenience of persons who
have small amounts of washing to do
at home there has been Infested *
pall with a washboard sliding in
grooves In one aide.
Only Strong May Dare,
Only those who are strong — ««g^
to model public opinion dare Ignore it
Pineapple for tore Throat
A Honolulu remedy tor sore throat
is fresh pineapple, as much aa one can
digest. Ths offset is sold to bo mar-
velous.
Tims for Courtesy.
Ltfo Is not so short but that thsr*
is always time for oourtaoy.
•on.
Ths Animal
Ths man who la
Isn’t likely to bs
elsewhere.
In Him
a bear at home
much of a lion
Always a Chance
When a man wishes to make a tool
i.of himself he doesn't have la a»»|
(long tor aa opportunity,
VVv*
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Self, C. L. The Dewey Weekly Globe (Dewey, Okla.), Vol. 1, No. 40, Ed. 1 Friday, September 13, 1912, newspaper, September 13, 1912; (https://gateway.okhistory.org/ark:/67531/metadc950702/m1/3/: accessed April 19, 2024), The Gateway to Oklahoma History, https://gateway.okhistory.org; crediting Oklahoma Historical Society.