Colony Courier (Colony, Okla.), Vol. 6, No. 27, Ed. 1 Thursday, March 25, 1915 Page: 2 of 8
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COLONY. O K L A. COURIER
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STARVE GERMANY
NKW ORDER TO COUNCIL PRO-
POSES SEIZURE OP ALL FOOO
SHIPMENTS.
II RETALIATION FOR SUBMARINES
Confiscation Part of Prof ram.—
Vmarica Greatly Olaplaaoad Ovar
England's Uncompromising
Stand.
Washington—Orest Britain's order
m council, explaining her embargo on
Ml neutral countries was received with
inch evident disappointment by high
officiate of the United States govern-
aient that a strong protest against its
terms was considered in official quar-
ters as certain to be made soon.
Senator Hoke Smith, who saw Presi-
dent Wilson, said afterwards that the
British order in council was "high
handed and utterly intolerable".
The arrival of the British order to-
gether with news of the flat rejection
by Great Britain and her allies of the
informal proposals of the United States
.’or the abandonment by Germany of
ber submarine warfare if England per
nltted food stuffs to go to the civilian
population of enemy countries, de-
stroyed the hopes of President Wilson
tnd his advisers for the early lmprove-
nent of conditions for the neutral
iommerce of the world. Germany had
tccepted practically all the American
niggestions.
Without Precedent.
Officials declined to comment to any
extent on the British order but their
lispleasure over Its contents was ap-
parent. It was pointed out there was
to precedent for Great Britain’s sc-
ion.
Summed up, officials Interpreted the
British order as meaning that without
enforcing a blockade on the German
coast Itself but by stopping American
shipa anywhere on the high seas, car-
goes destined for Germany would be
taken Into prise courts for Intermln-
ible litigation.
Cruiser Dresden le Sunk
London.—The sinking of the German
srulaer Dresden near the Juan Fema-
les Islands has been officially an-
nounced by the admiralty.
So has been ended the career of the
second of Germany's original sea raid-
ers, which, with the cruiser Einden,
destroyed several months ago, sent to
the bottom of the sea so many of the
allies’ vessels. Several tiroes the Dres-
den has been engaged, yet escaped,
snd it took three of Great Britain's sea
fighters to corner and sink her.
The admiralty's statement follows:
“On March 14 at 9 a. m. H. M. S.
Glasgow, Captain John Luce R. N. H.
M. auxiliary cruiser Orama, Captain
John Seagrave, R. N., and H. M. S.
Kent, Captain John D. Allen, C. B„ R.
N. , caught the Dresden near Juan
Fernandes Islands.
"An action ensued and after five mis-
ites fighting the Dresden hauled down
her colors and displayed the white flag.
Hbe wbh much damaged and set on fire,
tnd after Hhe had been burning for
loine time her magazine exploded and
she sank."
ALLIES LOSE III OMOAIEllES
FLOATING MINES ACCOUNT FOR
LOSS OF THREE SHIPS
Washington.—General Carranza has
abandoned Ills blockade of tho port of
Progreso on urgent representations by
the United States. The gunboat Zara-
goza has been cnlled off and two Ameri-
can ships laden with sisal for the
United St at oh were cleared Saturday
without Interference.
> Rear Admiral Caperton, commanding
tho American fleet In Mexican waters,
reported tho raising of the blockade
and reported that the Zaragozu has re-
turned to Vera Cruz.
The admiral's dispatches crossed a
new note, sent by President Wilson on
Its way to Carranza giving notice that
tho United StateH was determined to
raise the blockade and If necessary uso
the cruiser Doh Moines to do so.
The seriousness of tho situation
growing out of the blockado of Pro-
greso wus pointed out by Secretary
Houston of the department of ngrlcul-
ture who advised the president that
200,000,000 pounds of twine are used
each year In the United States In bind-
ing grain, flax and corn crops, and that
nine tenths of (ho supply Is madu from
alsal grown In Vucatun and exported
through Progreso.
It became known thnt Inst week the
Mexican gunboat had stopped one
American ship with u shot across her
bows, had held up another and had in-
terfered with Hrltlsh shipping.
Telegrams from manufacturers and
farmers In the grain growing stales
pouring Into the White House and tho
state department pointed out (hut un-
less sisal were obtained through Pro-
greso tho harvesting of this year's
grain crop by the usual methods would
he emhsrrifasod and would have lo be
done almost entirely by hand. Secre-
tary Houston said the hltuatlon was a
very serious one for the grain statss.
But Bom bard me *t Goes On and Fleet
Gradually Beats Its Way
Toward Constantinople
London.—The British ships Ocean
and Irrestible and the French ship Bou-
vet have been sunk by the Turks In
the Dardanelles.
The crews of two British ships were
virtually all saved, having been trans-
ferred to other ships under a hot fire
but an internal explosion took place
on board the Bouvet after she had
fouled the mine and most of ber crew
was lost The Bouvet sank within
three minutes of tbs time that she
hit the mine.
The waters in which the ships were
loet had been swept of mines but the
British i dmiralty asserts that the
Turks anj Germans set floating con-
tainers of explosives adrift and these
were carried down by the current onto
the allied ships gathered Inside the
entrance oi the straits.
AH the ships that were sunk were
old ones, the Bouvet having been com-
pleted nearly twenty years ago and
the Ocean and Irresistible In 1898.
They were useful, however, for the
work in which they were engaged in
the Dardanelles. The sunken British
ships are being replaced by the battle-
ships Queen and Implacable, vessels
of a similar type. They are said to
have started some time ago for Near
Eastern waters in anticipation of just
such losses as hare now occurred.
Two other ships engaged in the
fighting, the British battle cruiser In-
flexible, and the French battleship
Gaulois, were hit by shells and dam-
aged. The British casualties accord-
ing to the British official report ‘‘were
not heavy considering the scate of the
operations."
.The damage done to the Turkish
forts by the heavy bombardment has
not yet been ascertained. It Is stated
that the operations against them are
continuing. The forts attacked were
those on either side of Kephez bay and
on Kephez Point outside The Nar-
rows, and those on Kilid Bahr and
Chanak In The Narrow#.
The Kephez forts replied strongly
when the battleships advanced firing
up the Dardanelles and ah the ships
were hit. It is asserted that these
forts finally were silenced and a bom-
bardment of those in The Narrows
was under way when the three bat
tleships struck the mines. The blow-
ing up of the ships did not cause a^es-
satlon of the fighting, w hich continued
until darkness Intervened.
Reyond the operations In the Dar-
danelles the most important news of
the, day concerns the reported occu-
pation by the Russians of Memel, a
German port on the Baltic, as an-
nounced in the German official com-
munication. Memal Is a town of con-
siderable importance In northeast
Prussia and the presence there of the
Russian forces Is taken by military
observers here to Indicate that the
Russian generals have derided to at-
tempt a big sweep down through East
Prussia In an endeavor to compel the
Germans to fall back from northern
Poland.
Again north Poland has been trars
ferred Into an immense bog by the
thaw which has set in Just as Field
Marshal Von Hlndenburg has started
his offensive against Przasnysz. It is
declared that It Is impossible, except
at widely separated high places, to
move, let alone fight.
FRISCO CLAIMS
MS IRE RICH
WITNESS AT RATE HEARING SAY9
ROAD PAID SS32.750J0
FOR 1913.
M MUSSES lAISFIti FH FEMMOT. 1114 In]
ISTHMIAN NATION EXPECTED
BOON TO JOIN ALLIES.
MORE RIM TWICE MISSOURI RATE
tl VOTES II ELECTION RECORD
Terre Haute Repeaters Visit As Many
Preclncta As Poceible.
CARRANZA BOWS TO PRES. WILS0K
Nbandons Hie Blockade of the Port of
Progreso.
Indianapolis.—A record for voting
of twenty-two times In one day was
claimed by Fred Eisner, who testified
In the trial of the Terre Haute election
case.
The witness testified that he con-
fined his operations to three precincts
and with one exception received a
dollai for each time he voted. He
said Tie failed to get paid for one
vote, "as the paymaster snid I had
made enough money already." Eisner
was challenged only once during the
day, he said.
Eisner nnd others, who described
alleged fraudulent voting in which
they participated last November In
Terre Itaute, have pleaded guilty.
Evidence bearing on the nlllegl-d
"training school for witnesses,”
which United Stntes District Attor-
ney Frank Dailey described In hls
opening statement, also was Intro-
duced.
Most of the confessed fraudulent
voters testified that they had been
told to report on election morning nt
police headquarters where Chief of
Police llntlor gave them an order on
a liveryman for a horse and buggy.
They Hnld they received a list of vot
Ing places and cards hearing names
nnd registration numbers with whleh
they were to vote from E. K. Talbott,
city comptroller, and a defendant, lid
lots of eight or ten nt a time.
Only Third of Mileage Hero But $9
For Cent of Taxee, Assertion
Made In Twro-Cent Rata
Hearing.
Oklahoma City.—Although lesa than
a third of the system's mileage is in
Oklahoma, more than 60 per cent of
the Frisco Railway Company’s total
1913 taxes were paid in this state, ac-
cording to testimony given at the two-
cent rate hearing before Federal Judge
Frank A. Youmans by T. A. Hamilton
of St. Louis, the road's supervisor of
efficiency. Hamilton was cn tbe wit-
ness stand nearly all day, aDd detailed
from twenty-six exhibits figures show-
ing the workings of the Frisco in this
state for the last fire years.
The total state, municipal and coun-
ty taxes accruing on property of the
Frisco In this state in 1913 amounted
to $832,750, the witness said. Of the
whole 17.75 per cent was apportioned
to state freight, 18.79 per cent to state
passenger, 41.81 per cent to interstate
freight, 14.76 per cent to interstate
passenger and 6.89 per cent to mail
and express. The witness did not tes-
tify to the exact amount of the total
taxation borne by the company, mere-
ly declaring that "above 60 per cent
of the entire system s taxes accrued
in this state, notwithstanding less
than one-third of the total mileage
is within the boundaries of Okla-
homa.”
Higher Rate In Oklahoma.
"It Is a fact, is it not, that the rate
of taxation is considerably higher In
Oklahoma than in other states In
which the St. Louis & San Francisco
operates?'’ inquired Attorney R. A
Klelnschinldt, who was examining the
witness.
"As an illustration. I’ll say that the
tax per mile in Oklahoma in 1913 was
$595, while in Missouri it was $234,
Hamilton ieplled.
The twenty-six exhibits offered by
the Frisco brought out that the road’s
gross passenger revenues for the fiscal
year ending June 30, 1914, with the
twocent late in effect, showed a slight
increase over the record of the last
preceding year when passenger traffic
was conducted on a three-cent basis.
But, Supervisor Hamilton testified,
the cost of operation was so mater-
ially Increased that the net state pas-
senger earnings decreased at the same
time from 4.64 percent to 1.47 per
cent and the state freight earnings,
during the same period, likewise be
came smaller.
Frlaco’c Tect Year.
in the Frisco’s test year, ending
June 30, 1914, the state passenger rev
enues aggregated $1,943,640.47, the
state freight traffic brought $1,886,-
600.72 an 1 other operating revenues
made a total of $3,923,734.65, It was
shown by exhibit No. 22 which con
tained a summary of all state rev
enues and expenses. Total expenses
and taxei amounted to $3,073,738.84
leaving a balance applicable to re
turn on property of $849,995.81.
Of the total balance on state rev-
enues $537,009.23 was apportioned to
passenger and $312,986.58 to freight
business.
Mr. Hamilton testified that It costs
11 per cent more to transport a state
passenger one mile than an Interstate
passenger, and 95 per cent more to
ship a ton of state freight one mile
than a ton of interstate freight.
I
Territorial Demands Ara Refused
—Greece Alee Preparing Again
To Participate in the Conflict.
VILLA MUST OMIT FOREIGNERS
When He Start* To Collect a Million
Pesos at Monterey.
Washington.—A protest was sen by
the United States to General Villa
agnlnst tho collection front Americans
or other foreigners of part of a special
tax of a million pesos levied at Mon-
terey. The Rrltlsh-owned light and
power company there Iibh been called
upon lo ptav $35,000 us its share of the
new tax.
Just how the general assessment
wus to be apportiotied the state de-
partment was not Informed but the
understanding was that General Villa
had laid an omnibus tax on the city,
leaving It lo the city authorities there
to raise the money In whatever way
they saw fit. The order was dated
March 16, It wus said, and fifteen days
was the time given In which to raise
the money. The department has pro-
tested previously, notably In the rnse
of the tax which General Obregon
tried to collect In Mexico City recent-
ly nguitisi any residents.
American Mission Attacked.
Petrograd,—A dispatch from DJulfa,
PerslH, to the Westnlk news bureau,
the official Riiaslnn news agency,
ssys: "The Turkish consul st Uni*
nilah, Mehomod, Ritghlh Hey, st the
head of seventy Askarls, recently at-
tacked the American mission nt that
pliu-o where 15,000 orthodox Christ-
iana had taken refuge. The consul or
dered three priests and two densons
In leave the mission and as they were
walking through the streets wuro In
aulted and msrclleasly beaten.
Madden and Cook Convicted.
Now York.- Richard Madden and
Gustave t’ook of Hoboken, N. J„ were
round guilty of conspiracy against tha
United .Rates In aiding Richard P
Htegler, u German naval reservist to
procure a false American passport
The pair will hr^ sentenced and Im-
mediately afterwards, Htegler, who be
came state witness, and testified
against (ho two tneti, will he cnlled
for (rial. Ills counsel announced Hint
Htegler would plead guilty nnd throw
himself upon tha mercy of the covrL
$«J. |§|Z/*><■«-. [
The average precipitation, rain and melted snow, for the State in Febru-
ary. as computed from the records of 83 stations, was 3.65 inches The average
departure from the February normal was plus 2.66 inches. There has been
but one wetter February in the 24 year period, 1892 to 1915. For the month
of February, 1903, the State average was 3.95 inches.
The rainfall was unevenly distributed but averages more than twice the
normal in all sections of the State. Precipitation exceeded 4 Inches over
most of the central, north-central and some of the eastern counties. Still-
water and Idabel reported the largest monthly amounts, 6.61 and 6.40 inches,
respectively. Rainfall was lightest in the extreme southwestern and north-
western portions of the State, parts of Jackson, Harmon. Harper, Beaver,
Texas and Cimarron Counties Having less than 2 inches. Tbe smallest amount
recorded was 1.25 inches at Goodwell, Texas County.
As a rule, the rains fell slowly and gently and most of the moisture soaked
Into the ground to a considerable depth.
Snowfall was heavy in the extreme north-central and the northwestern
counties, averaging about 5 inches in Kay, Grant, Garfield, Dewey and Roger
Mills counties and increasing to between 12 and 24 inches in tbe three pan-
handle counties.
PENSIONS BOARD IS ORGANIZED
Land Commission Determines to Seg-
regate 2,000 Acres; to Examine.
Oklahoma City—Segregation of 2,000
acres of land In the Wichita mountains.
Tillman county, for gold mining, was
determined by the state school land
commission at a special meeting in the
governor’s office. R. L. Lunsford, the
commission's oil and gas expert, will
be sent at once to look over the prop-
erty and determine whether the land
will yield gold in paying quantities.
The proposed leasing of great tracts
of land in this section of the state for
mineral purposes was considered about
a'year ago by tne oia school land com-
mission. An examination of a small
portion of territory by the expert, Mr.
Lunsford, showed it gave up gold in
the amount of about $2.50 a ton. This
is considered enough of a yield to jus-
tify developing, but the commission
dropped the matter without further in-
vestigation. There were several ap-
plications for gold leases, but none was
awarded.
Members of the land commission
believe that even if no greater deposits
than those already found were un-
earthed, working the territory would
be profitable on account of the plentiful
supply of cheap water available.
The commission Is ready now to re-
ceive applications for mining leases.
These will be considered after Mr.
Lunsford's report on the sections to
be examined Is secured. There are ap-
proximately 40,000 acres of land in
the vicinity of the Wichita mountains
owned by the state. It is not consid-
ered likely, however, that more than
2,000 acres will he leased.
IN THE CITIES
GAULT, DEMOCRAT, AND OVER-
HOLSER, REPUBLICAN, FOR
MAYOR OF OKLA. CITY.
LIGHT VOTE CAST EVERYWHESE
Two Opposing Candidates For Mayor
of the Capital Are Sons of Two
Men Who Ran For Same
Office In 1890.
Oklahoma City—W. D. Gault was
nominated by a large plurality In the
primary to be the democratic candi-
date for mayor of Oklahmoa City in
the election of April 6. J. G. Street
won the democratic nomination for
commissioner of public property and
will be opposed In the April election
by Postmaster H. G. Eastman, who
was nominated by the republicans.
Mike Donnelly, democrat, and Bob
Parman, republican, were the suc-
cessful candidates for nomination as
commissioner of accounting and fi-
nance.
These winning candidates in the
primary will be opposed in the gen-
eral election of April by J. B. Norton,
J H. Johnston and W. T. Yoder, inde-
pendent candidates for mayor, com-
missioner of accounting and finance
and commissioner of public property,
respectively. There was no contest
among the socialists in the primary.
One candidate will be entered for
each office in the election 1n April.
Gault, the successful democratic
candidate for nomination as mayor,
is the son of W. J. Gault, the first
regularly elected mayor of Oklahoma
Pity, who served from August, 1890,
to April, 1892. The opponent of W.
J. Gault In the election of 1890 was
Henry Overholser, father of Ed.
Overholser, who was selected with-
out opposition to head tho republican
ticket this April.
Slight interest was taken 1n the,
municipal elections held throughouM
the state and in some instances the'
minority party made but little effort
to nominate. At Blackwell the con-
tf st between the two parties, in an
effort to poll the largest vote, was
more spirited than contests between
rival candidates on the same ticket.
The republicans at Blackwell polled
approximately 100 more votes than
were cast by tho democrats.
London.—The relations between It-
aly and Austria are believed to ahve
reached an acute stage. A Rome due-
patch says Austrian and German sub-
jects have been advised by their con-
suls to leave Italy in tbe shortest pos-
sible time and thnt a number of Ger-
mans who recently arrived in Italy
are being watched because of a sus-
picion that they are military spies.
There have ben reports for coms
days that Germany’s efforts to secure
the continued neutrality of Italy by in-
ducing Austria to cede Trent and other
territory to her were not meeting with
success. Italy, it was said, was de-
manding that the territory be handed
aver to her immediately but that the
Teutonic allies desired to make tho
transfer after the war.
Following this came reports that
Austria had commenced strengthening
her southern frontier and according to
a dispatch received in Paris from
Rome, Italian officers of all arms be-
longing to the first line who have been,
on half pay have been called to the col-
ors. In military circles here this order
is considered significant, it being con-
tended that these officers belong to tho
public administration, from which they
would not be called unless the situa-
tion was serious. No Austrian naws o4
the subject is available in Londcap.
but the censor in that country, it,
said, has prohibited comments.
There also are reports that Grec
is preparing to adopt a more acJ|
attitude. 1-olliwing a series of
longed cabinet meetings at Ath^
the Greek minister of marine is quot-
ed as having said that the Greek gov-
ernment had received all guarantees
aud to have indicated that the coun-
try was about to engage in some en-
terprise.
As the chief objection to former Pre-
mier Venizelo's policy of helping the
allies against Turkey was declared to
have been that Greece was not guar-
anteed that she would receive ade-
quate compensation, this statement
of the minister of marine is consid-*
eied in high circles in London as
an intimation that the new Greek,
government now is satisfied with tho
allies’ guarantees. ^
The allied fleet is prepuffro: for a
renewal of the attacjMk-n tne Dar-
danelles, delayed fg*' unfavorable
weather. At a counciHff the admirals
aboard the French IxRtieship Suffren
it is reported that a decision was
reached to make a iew general at-
tack in which all the warships will
take part.
Reverting to their policy of last
fall, the Germans attacked Paris with
aircraft. Four Zeppelins started for
tbe city, but only two reached It.
These dropped bombs, injuring a num-
ber of persons and setting fire to
buildings. The French airmen, whoso
duty It is to guard the city, pursued
the Germans, but owing to the mist
they were unable to overtake the air-
ships.
As far as the land operations aro
concerned, the eastern front holds tho
most interest. The Russians despito
the swampy conditions of the ground
are slowly, according to Petrograd
dispatches, pressing the German*
buck to the East Prussian frontier.
LEASES LAND FOR GOLD MIRES PREPARING FOR A BIO BATTL!
Tulca Wants Confederate Veterane
Tulsa.—Preliminary plans for the
launching of u campaign to secure tho
1916 national reunion of the Confed-
erate Veternns for Tulsa wore made at
a massmepting of the citizens held
here. Adjutant General Natlmn Bedford
Forrest, of Memphis, of the Sons of
the Confederate Veterans, who Is In
Tulsa for the purpose of ascertaining
Tulsa's ability to entertain the reunion,
reported to the meeting what he ex-
-peeled of any elty proposing to entcr-
tuln the old soldiers.
Brothers Charged With Bank Robbery
DcQueen, Ark.—James Baldwin,
aged 33, and Hood Baldwin, aged 27,
brothers, both married and engaged
In the rattle raising buslnosa on the
Bnldwln ranch located 20 tulles nprth
of Urok«*n Bow, Okla., wore lodged In
jutl here charged with being tho men
who robbed the hunk at Glllluim, Ark.,
of a few dollars less than $1,000 on
the morning of March 3, after com-
pelling the bank president, cashier
anu a customer to precede them out of
the city
Plan to Handle Big Ruth of Buiineee
For. Confederate Veterans.
Oklahoma City.—AV. D. Matthews
state commissioner of charities and
corrections nnd a veteran of the Civil
war, was elected chairman of the Con-
federate pension board at a meeting
Held in his office of four of the five
commissioners. W. L. Alexander,
state treasurer, was chosen secretary
of the board. Gen. D. M. Halley of
McAlester, one of th.e members ap-
ponted by the governor, was unable
to attend the meeting, notifying the
board by a telegram that he was de-
tained at home.
Chairman Matthews desires to call
the attention of veterans over the
state to,the fact that the low forbids
any person from charging a fee, either
directly or Indirectly, to a veteran for
securing u pension. Violation of this
provision of the act Is punishable by
fine or Imprisonment, or both.
Carranza and Villa Troops 8oon T<
Meet Again
Wlleon Send* Gift to Oklahoma
Washington.—President Wilson has
sold a bale of cotton and sent the
proceeds to charity In Oklahoma.
During the "buy-a-bnle-of-cotton”
movement, the president bought, sev-
eral bales and one now Is In Htorago
at Boswell, Okla. H. H. Conway, of
Paris, Texas', offered to buy It at ten
cents a pound and the president has
accepted his offer and directed that the
proceeds be sent to a charity in Okla-
homa, to be elected by Senators Gore
and Owen.
. Washington.—Carranza and Villi
forces are expected to clash soon li
the vicinity of Monterey and Tampici
in one of the most Important battle
of the present civil strife In Mexico.
The Carranza agency here receivei
advices from Vera Cruz saying Villi
troops had evacuated San Luis Pc
tosl at the approach of General Ben
Jamin Hill with the advance guari
of General Obregon's division, whlcl
i# moving north.
This is the first official lntimatloi
of the direction which General Obre
gon took on evacuating Mexico Cit
hnd with these advices Carranza o]
flcials here admitted that their force
were concentrating for the defens
of Tampico. General Obregon is r«
ported to have an army of about 22
000 men. General Pablo Gonzales, th
Carranza commander at Tampico, 1
said to have 12,000.
General Villa Is In Monterey wit:
hls column of 20,000 men and Is ur
derstood to have several thous&m
men along the railroad lines approach
Ing San Luis PotoRl and Tampico. El
so Arrondondo, head of the Carranz
agency, returned to Washington fror
Vern Cruz, where he spent two week
conferring with hls chief. He issuei
u statement saying thut Carranz
would protect property in Yucatan
The statement branded iih false rc
perts thnt property was being destroj
•ed and cities Backed.
Anothsr Pardoned By McAleeter.
Oklahoma City—Bam Stewart, serv-
ing a life sentence In tho penitentiary,
habeas corpus by Presiding Judge
was ordered released on writ of
Thomus H. Doyle of the criminal
court of appeals. He Is another bene-
flolary of Lleutenunt-Oovernor J. j.
McAlester's leniency last summer.
Htowart was convicted In tha district
court of Choctaw county In 1913 o1
murder In connection with the tnys
terlous killing of Henry Jones, i.
farmer, a few miles southeast of I'o«-
well.
Crown Prince Wounded.
London.—Crown Prince Rupprecl
of Bavaria, has been seriously woun
ed by a shell. Rupprecht of Ilavar
Is the eldest son of King Ludwig. U
was born In 1889. During tho war I
hns been prominent In many of tt
battles on the western front. La
August he was reported to hare ca
lured ten thousand French troops ati
many guns In the fighting In the Vo
ges and to have repulsed an attar
from Nancy and the south, lie ho
been a soldier from boyhood.
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Colony Courier (Colony, Okla.), Vol. 6, No. 27, Ed. 1 Thursday, March 25, 1915, newspaper, March 25, 1915; Colony, Oklahoma. (https://gateway.okhistory.org/ark:/67531/metadc941304/m1/2/: accessed March 19, 2024), The Gateway to Oklahoma History, https://gateway.okhistory.org; crediting Oklahoma Historical Society.