The Rocky News (Rocky, Okla.), Vol. 1, No. 15, Ed. 1 Friday, October 24, 1919 Page: 2 of 6
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Geneva.: Gxpitai of the
' eaque cy^THe.iiorvs
6REAT ACHIEVEMENT OF ^OCKMEN BY
ADDING MUCH MEAT TO 1918 OUTPUT
Mot a Very Good Place for Hogs—Clean Pens and Abundance of Exercise
Will Do a Great Deal Towards Protecting Hogs From Cholera.
- -*—■ UK «•«••*»(
KNKVA, Switzerland, Is to l»e capital
of the League of Nation*—If there
Ih a league of nations. It seems
rather an appropriate selection.
The city Is cosmopolitan and has
historical, literary and philosophical
traditions In keeping with the pur-
pose of the league. Switzerland
lots preserved Its .neutrality In a
way to ho above suspicion. And
finally the Swiss Confederation Is In Itself a sort
of League of Nations. Kroiu the practical vletv-
tiolnt the city of Geneva Is attractive, not too large,
and centrally located for many of the members of
the league.
In fact, the enthusiasts say that considering
Geneva's past, Its long history full of struggles
tiud suffering through which It won its freedom,
would uppear that from all time tills city has been
predestined to become the capital of the Intangible
kingdom of all free peoples, united to defend, not
only tholr rights and liberty, but ulso the rights
and liberty of others.
The requirements for a location stipulated fifteen
hundred meters ulong the edge of the luke, em-
bracing large properties; a port for hydroplanes,
facing the Alps and having access by lund and
water. Within the walls of the small territorial
district of Geneva, amid the country adorned with
parks and decked with gardens, several estates
were available to the representatives of the differ-
out nations.
The parish of Gentliod, about four miles out
from the town, perhaps the more readily fulfills
these conditions. Gentliod, one of the oldest vil-
lages, was a part of the blshbp of Geneva’s prop-
erty. In 1535 It became the property of the re-
public and Js Inclosed In the laud that the Bernese
took from (he duke of Savoy. Au unusually beau-
tiful spot, looking down upon the lake from time
Immemorial, It lias been u chosen place for the
Genevans.
In the tenth century the nohlemeu replaced me
country house of tlielr forefathers by beautiful
estates; gardens were laid out and planted. 1 wo
of these estates with the houses intact, rendered
nil the more beautiful by the passing of time, with
avenues and venerable woods, were first chosen.
The Creux de Gentliod belongs to the family do
Hnassure ami the de rourtules estate. The llur-
tholonl estate adjoining was added; It Is occu-
pied by a large modern bouse called the Chateau-
Itouge. On the other side Is the property of HI-
ward NnvHie, the Kgyptologlst, temporary presi-
dent of the International lied Cross.
Spacious grounds that belonged to the estate of
the naturalist and philosopher Charles llounet,
were also secured. Incidentally, one of the
eighteenth century houses on the llounet property
was taken stone by stone to Geneva and scrupu-
lously reconstructed. Crowning this long hillock
with Its gentle slopes Is a plateau Inclined toward
the Jura mountulus, tlio crest line which fills the
horizon.
This presents a magnificent panorama for a ins-
tance of over a mile along the lake shore, mid a
mile and a half Inland, half of the township of
Gentliod, bounded on the north by the Versolx
rtvor amt on the south by a road and crossed by
tbc Geneva-Borne railroad und the route to
Lausanne.
The most ancient of these estates, and the most
symmetrical, is the Creux de Gentliod It was
built by Anil Lullln, theologian, professor and col-
I..CIO, of rare manuscripts. Blondel, the great
I.',-,.iich architect, drew the plans. In 1723 he
,,burned the gardens and park. This house became
, 1,,p,.rty „f the naturalist, l ore Benedict de
who married the gru*Idaugl.lcr of Ami
I oil u. l>e Hausiure’a house adjolued tliut of his
uncle, Churles Bonnet. De Saussure, filled with a
passionate love for the high Alps, the outline of
which he gazed at every day, went exploring,
climbing Mont Blanc, writing his “Voyages dans
les Alpes” (1770-1780). His daughter, who be-
caine Mudnme Necker de Saussure, grew up In this
delightful atmosphere. Charles Bonnet continued
to carry out his study of nature, and when he lost
his sight gave up his time to philosophical prob-
lems, strengthening Ills scholars’ belief In nn after
life. Hnller used to come from Berne to work with
him. Learned men and scholars came from all
pnrts of Europe to visit them.
In this way the small circle of Gentliod, passion-
ately Interested In scientific culture und Christian
philosophy, became a European center In direct
opposition to the one at Eeruey, where Voltaire
derided the uustoreness of Geneva und tried Ills
best to destroy It.
• After the deuth of Charles Bonnet Ills property
returned to the de ltlve family, which was connect-
ed with Madame de Stael (1770-1817). Her house
Is near Genthod, and Corrlnne came often on flue
summer days to sit on (he terrace of the philoso-
pher and writer.
The de l'ourtales house wns built about 17,r>0 by
Jean Louis Salndln, a diplomat of Genevn nttuched
to the court of Louis XV, who us a mark of appre-
ciation gave him his full-length portrait In oils.
The de Hulndln house Is on a height nnd commands
n wide view of the lake. It Is to be seen In the
center of two broad avenues with Its simple gray
front, Its semicircular outbuildings, all mngnlfleent-
lv located. Beyond the fields that slope gently nre
the trees of the .Creux de Gentliod, the rare spe-
cies that Ami Lullln had collected at a great cost,
chestnuts that were brought from Lyons In carts,
Immense vistas of foliage, wonderful tree archi-
tecture Infolding the old French garden.
Along the walks where the two scholars medi-
tated. around that house of pure lines, the meet-
ing place of so many distinguished men, a breath
of European thought seems to float In this Genevan
atmosphere, say the enthusiasts. An lntlmnte com-
munion seems to unite nil these grand nnd simple
homes to the grand old trees, the gentle distant
slopes behind which appear the Alps, the long,
dear stretch of lake. To all this vista, at the same
time so big and so complete that It would seem
Impossible to destroy this Incomparable harmony
_certainly these homes nnd historical grounds
will remain ns they are and the new buildings will
be erected Inland on the plateau.
Geneva Is an old. old oUy. Its origin Is lost n
nnHniitty hut It was of sufficient Importance In
to ... »MUo~l in 1.1, "Com-
nicntares.” It was early the seat of a bishopric,
it was one of the capitals of the Burgundians. In
,1„. sixth century It passed to the Franks. In he
eleventh century It became Incorporated with the
German empire. About that time the temporal
'' added to the spiritual power of the bishops.
The dukes of 8avoy began to encroach on the
temporal power and at the same time the burghers
took a hand In affairs. The struggles between the
dukes of Savoy »0d the citizens ended In favor of
the latter In the early days
of the sixteenth century.
Geneva Is the capital of the
canton of Geneva. It contains
possibly 60,000 people—a little
over 100,000 with Its suburbs—
and the canton has a popula-
tion of about 135,000. There
nre 22 cantons, with a total
population of about 3350,000.
The Ilomnns made themselves
masters of the country In the
first century, B. 0. Their do-
minion lasted about four cen-
— turles. A succession of masters
followed. When It became a part °* the German
(Holy Roman) empire In the eleventh centu
was a hodge-podge of petty states ruled by dukeA
counts, bishops and abbots, together with, little
city-states. The beginning of the confederation of
cantons was In the thirteenth century.
In 1270 Rudolph of Hapsburg, Holy Roman em-
peror, secured control of the duchy of Austria
and threatened the liberties of the Swiss. To re-
(Prepared by the United States Depart-
' meat of Agriculture.)
American dressed-meat production,
Including lard, amounted in 1918 to
20,129,000,000 pounds—a quantity nev-
er before approached In magnitude by
the livestock Industry of this or any
other country. The corresponding fig-
ure for 1917 wns 16,317,300,000 pounds.
Three-fourths of this enormous In-
crease was In pork and one-fourth was
In beef.
The meat surplus In 1918 was so
great that extra export demands made
little Impression on It, although 1918
export shipments of meat and lard
nearly doubled the 1917 figures, rising
from slightly less than one and three-
fourths billions pounds to slightly
more than three billion pounds—and
these figures do not Include shipments
to American military forces abroad.
The aggregate 1917 consumption ol
dressed meat and lard In the United
States was approximately 14,500,000,-
000 pounds, but In 1918 It rose to 17,-
250,000,000 pounds. This means, after
allowing for increase In population, an
addition of 23 pounds for every man,
woman and child in the country, de-
spite the food-conservation campaign
which in 1917 caused consumption to
decline considerably.
How Shortage Became Surplus.
“While the people as a whole,
through their abstinence averted the
immediate crisis, It was the farmer
who was the really big factor in the
ultimate situation,” says the bureau
of animal industry, United States de-
partment of agriculture, which is au-
thority for the foregoing statement.
“The producer, of course, was expect-
ed to do his part, but did It with such
powerful effect that in a single year
the meat shortage was turned into a
pronounced surplus. Thus In 1918 there
was not only meat enough to supply
all foreign demands compatible with
the restricted shipping facilities but
a greatly enlarged quantity was avail-
able for the home consumption.
“To be sure. It cost the farmer more,
very much more, to feed his animals
and get them to market. Likewise all
other steps from producer to consumer
became more costly! hence the high
prices. But the unprecedented pros-
perity of the people as a whole en-
abled them to afford the increased
cost. In fact, laboring people prob-
ably consumed more meat during the
past year than In prewar times.”
Quantity Increase* “Remarkable.”
“The total number of cattle slaugh-
tered In 1918 is estimated at 15,750,-
400,” says the bureau, “as against 13,-
723,900 In 1917. Their average weights
were practically the same for both
years, and the beef produced from
them was 6,686,000,000 pounds In 1917
and 7,641,000,000 pounds In 1918. This
was a remarkable achievement, as It
hardly would have been credited that
beef growers could Increase their pro-
duction a billion pounds In one year.
“The hog matures quickly, therefore
a much more rapid Increase would be
looked for than was the result with
cattle. Even so, the results for 1918
can be described only as stupendous.
The hogs marketed in 1918 numbered
69,854,700, as against 57,483,800 in
1917. Furthermore, the average weight
was 9% pounds more per hog in 1918.
Thus, when the animals are turned
Into pork and lard we have a total pro-
duction of 11,225.664,000 pounds In
1918, as against 8,478,289,000 pounds
In 1917, an Increase of 2,747,355,000
pounds, or 32.4 per cent, neurly one-
third.”
Striking Increases In exports are
also shown by the bureau. Beef ship-
ments nbrond In 1918Avere 94 per cent
more thnn in 1917, the chief 1918 Items
being 514,000,000 pounds of fresh beef
and 141,000,000 pounds of canned beef.
Exports of pork ami lard in 1918
amounted to 2,279,287.030. which was
71.7 per cent more than the quantity
sent abroad in 1917.
The bureau shows that in the aggre-
gate more meat by far is eaten In the
United States than In any other coun-
try in the world, although some sparse-
ly settled countries raising much meat
have a larger per capita consumption.
It also says that there is room In the
United States for a great expansion
In the use of mutton and lamb.
GRASSES OF UNITED STATES
Department of Agriculture In Recent
Bulletin Gives Much Informa-
tion on Subject.
(Prepared by the United States Depart-
ment of Agriculture.)
ft should be worth something to the
farmer to know about all the species
of grasses that are native, have been
Introduced, or are cultivated in the
or economic uuiwi u*uw, ' ■*— —
ful or harmful grasses. The grains, of
course, are of greatest Importance.
Next come those that are cultivated
for meadow or pasture and other In-
and threatened the liberties of the Swiss. To re j introduced, or are cultivated in tne
mountaineers Invincible. At the close of the mid- are given the species that a
die uges the connection of Switzerland with the ; 0f economic importance, either as use-
Jerman empire came virtually to an end. The 1............. ™ B™lnR’ of
confederation was enlarged by fresh accessions.
In the sixteenth century, as stated, Oeneva shook
„fr the uuthorltv of the dukes of Savoy and of , lur w------ —- .
tlfe bishops. After the reformation In the peace of digenous species that f’lrn'®1' ^abtU
Wostnhnlla (1648) Switzerland was formally de- on native pastures and ranges.
dared Independent of the German empire. I* | __n nr i/ll I CPI
1798 the French occupied the country and estab- ! CRIPPLES SHOULD BE KILLED
fished the Helvetic republic. In 1803 Napoleon re- | -
stored the cantonal confederation and new cau-
tons were added. The congress of Vienna in 1815
decreed the perpetual neutrality of Switzerland.
Geneva, of course, at once suggests noted men and
famous events—John Calvin, Rousseau nnd others;
the Geneva convention, the Alabama claims, etc.
WAYS TO PREPARE POULTRY
8ome Farmers 8lmply Chopped Oil
Heade and Dipped Carcaes In
8team to Looaen Feathers.
(Prepared by the United States Depart-
ment of Agriculture.)
When farmers prepared the poultry
for market the process of killing and
picking was an Individual matter. Some
simply chopped off the head, dipped
the carcass In water heated to the
steaming point to loosen the feathers,
rubbed these off, and, If the weather
was cool, kept the bird out of doors or
In a well-ventilated room until It was
taken to market. Poultry so prepared
has a greatly shortened keeping time,
and the eating quality Is lowered even
before decay has begun, because the
desirable “ripening” that does so much
to Improve flesh does not occur.
Do Not Permit 8entlment or Tender-
Heartednes* to Overrule Good
Common Sense.
(Prepared by the United Btates Depart-
ment of Agriculture.)
All cripples should he killed lmme-
----- - cripplt*** rtlltFUitJ ----------
Modern Geneva Is an exceedingly attractive etty. | on befog removed from nest or
It Is beautifully situated at the southwest end of lncuhator, d0 not allow sentiment or
Lake Geneva, which here narrows and pours out | tenfler.beartedness to overrule good
‘ business ability or common sense.
Weaklings and runts will not pay aoy
dividends. Do not ainvest too much
time or feed on aurh.
Into the Rhone, which Is shortly Joined by the bu'iness ability or common sense.
Arve. The Rhone is crossed by nine line bridges Weak„nES and runts will not pay aoy
which join the old town on the loft bnnk, with the
principal residence quarter of the foreign colony
on the right bnnk. There nre many fine structures
of Interest. The College de St. Antoine, founded
by Calvin, hns nearly 2,000 students, over half of
whom ure foreigners. Geneva Is noted ns nn edu-
cational center. The Cnthedrul of St. Peter Is
Byzantine In character and Is sold to have been
built in 1124. The botanical gardens nre Interest-
ing. There nre several museums, Including the
Musee Rntin; the Fol museum, with collections of
Greek, Roman nnd Etruscan antiquities; the
Athenoum, devoted to the fine arts, nud the Mu-
seum of Nnturnl History, containing de Saussure’s
geological collection. The lie Jean Jnuques Rous-
senu attracts many visitors. Tourists are shown
the bouse of Calvin, on whom the possibly chlel
historical fame of the city rests.
Lake Genevn Is one of the beauty spots of tin
world. It Is about 45 miles long and is eight mllei
wide at Its place of greatest width. Its northern
and western shores afford striking views of Moual
Blanc and Its chain. The lake is vory deep and a
beautiful ikuk blue.
Nmv boulevards encircle Genevn ; they are laid
out along tU“ "lies of the old fortifications which
were demolished In 1851. Handsome villas crown
(lie surrounding heights. Altogether the tourist
Hetdom visits n more attractive city uud oue man
lutu.-eatlng historically.
Production of Baby Beef.
The proper care of the calves from
birth to wennlng time Is Just as essen-
tial to the successful production of
prime baby beef as the care and feed-
ing from weaning to marketing time.
Keep All Coops Open.
During hot weather be sure that
the coops for the chicks and the
houses for the hens are kept well
i open, day and night, so that they will
'be aa cool as possible.
• —
Scarce aa Dodo Birds.
People who allow surplus fruits and
vegetables to (spoil In the garden In
summer nnd buy canned garden prod-
ucts in winter will aoon be as scarce
as dodo birds.
Sunflower Silage.
Dry land farmers are having success
In raising sunflowers for silage, the
sunflowers to be fed with corn. Tbl»
crop Is especially adapted to high val-
leys.
The number of animals might bo
increased on many farms.
* • •
Uniformity In the size of pigs la
something worth laboring for.
• * *
Oats may often be used advanta-
geously to form a part of the ration
for brood sows.
• • •
Rye is not as good a feed for pigs
as corn and should be ground and fed
In the form of a slop.
• • ♦
Sheep raising should be encouraged
chiefly where the land nnd other con-
dltlons are suitable for It.
• • •
Drugs aro relied upon by stockmen
altogether too much for keeping ani-
mals healthy and thriving.
* • •
Alfalfa and corn make a balanced
ration of work In the haying and corn
plowing season.
as*
To be successful In raising hogs, wt
mast give the brood sows special ah
tentlon and care at farrowing time.
• a *
The young calves should be fed
from buckets ns clean as those used
In handling the milk for human con>
sumption.
s • *
Ilogs stand confinement well and
may be kept In pens or Hmall pastures
better than other anlmily raised on
the farm.
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Walker, T. V. The Rocky News (Rocky, Okla.), Vol. 1, No. 15, Ed. 1 Friday, October 24, 1919, newspaper, October 24, 1919; (https://gateway.okhistory.org/ark:/67531/metadc936924/m1/2/: accessed March 19, 2024), The Gateway to Oklahoma History, https://gateway.okhistory.org; crediting Oklahoma Historical Society.