The Tribune-Progress (Mountain View, Okla.), Vol. 19, No. 35, Ed. 1 Friday, January 4, 1918 Page: 2 of 8
This newspaper is part of the collection entitled: Mountain View Times and Tribune Progress and was provided to The Gateway to Oklahoma History by the Oklahoma Historical Society.
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MOUNTAIN VIEW TRIBUNE-PROGRESS
WORLD NEWS
SEVEN DAYS AT A
GLANCE
War News.
Except on the Northern Italian
front, the military operations continue)
far below normal. In France, where
enow haa fallen along the entire front,
only bom hardmante and amull raiding
operation* are tuklng place.
t + ♦
Weal of the llrenta In the Italian
Highlands, the Italian*) Christmas
Pay continued their counter attack*)
upon the Auatro-Qerm&n force*), which
previously had succeeded In making
gains on Col Del Kosbo and Monte De
Yu I Delhi. Home temporary gains
were made.
+ + +
In n desperate battle which lusted
all day, the Italian*) fought their way
back to the positions from which they
were forced the previous day on tho
Aslago Plateau under tho Austro-Ger-
mun attack, according to the Italian
war office statement. Some guns and
numerous muchlne guns were recap-
tured.
♦ ♦ +
The city of Mannheim. In flermany,
on the lihlno, was bombarded by a
British air squadron early on Monday,
says on official statement.. A ton of
bombH was dropped and several fires
were started. All but one of the Brit-
ish machines returned.
* + *
Unexpectedly balked in their march
toward the plain by the loss of the
Monte Aeolone positions within twen-
ty-four hours after they had captured
them, the Austro-Gorman forces are
concentrating heavily, according to all
available reports, north and northeast
of this important approach to domi-
nating Monte Grappa.
+ + +
Tho capture of Bethlehem Is an-
nounced In a dispatch from Reuter's
correspondent In Palestine. The occu-
pation was brought about by the same
British strategy that had as its object
the protection of the holy places from
the destruction and defilement of war.
* * *
The Italians on tho northern line In
Italy between the llrenta and Plave
rivers have ceased, for the time being
at least, their defensive warfare
against the attacks of the Austro-Ger-
mans and assumed the offensive with
signal successes on several sectors.
+ + +
The British war offico communica-
tion Bays: "This morning a raid was
attempted by the enemy northeast of
Messines. It was repulsed by our rifle
and machine gun fire. We captured
a few prisoners in patrol encounters
on different parts of the front.”
+ + +
Washington.
Fuel Administrator Garfield told
the Senate Investigating committee
that If the war continued very long
the government would be compelled to
pool coal and sell It at reasonable
prices. Some coal operators, he said,
were making the greatest profits in
their history.
t + +
Evidonce has been uncovered by
government agents Indicating that
American Industrial Workers of the
World, Russian Bolshevlki, Irish agi-
tators and revolutionists in various
countries at war with Germany may
be seeking to lay the foundation of an
elaborate world-wide plan to over-
throw existing social order.
+ + +
Distribution for Christmas time of
government allowances and soldiers'
allotments to dependents of enlisted
men has been started by the war risk
bureau. By Christmas day thousands
of wives, widowed mothers and other
dependents of soldiers had their first
payments, representing the amount
due for November.
♦ + +
The Senate military affairs commit-
tee has told Secretary of War Baker
to cut out red tape and supply every
man in cantonments and training
vamps with clothing suitable for win-
ter weather.
* ■¥ *
The federal farm loan board an-
nounced recently it advocates amend-
ment to the Farm Loan Act under
which many private farm mortgage
bankers may enter the government
system as joint stock land banks.
+ + +
Senator Francis G. Newlands of Ne-
vada is dead at his home in Washing-
ton of heart disease. Senator Now-
lands died after an illness of a few
hours. He was stricken w hile at work
In his office at the Senate office
Building.
+ + +
Domestic.
Direct assurances of the confidence
of both British and French comman-
ders in General Pershing's ability and
their satisfaction with the breadth and
soundness of his preparations to make
American arms effective on the west-
ern front have reached Washington.
+ + +
Orders have been given by Surgeon
General Gorgas of the army for the re-
moval of all incompetent medical of-
ficers. They will first be given in-
structions and if they prove incapable
of the army work, they will he dis-
charged.
+ + +
Most of the churches of Haverhill,
Mass., have closed their doors and
jnited ie services in two theaters
which have a seating capacity suffi-
cient to accommodate the combined
congregations. The step is taken to
conserve coal. " •
The American Btenmshlp Tuscnrorn
formerly a lake vessel, requisitioned
by the United States shipping hoard
for Atlantic service, with her entire
crew of thirty-five men, is believed to
have beep lost at Bca north of Cape
Sable.
+ + +
Negotiations for the purchase of a
large part of the Cuban sugar crop,
now being harvested und amounting
to an estimated 3,600,000 tons, for the
use of the United States and Its Al-
lies, have been virtually completed.
+ + 4-
John E. Williams, fuel administrator
of Illinois, has been appointed referee
in uli labor disputes arising in the
packing house industries of the United
States during the war. The appoint
ment was agreed upon by represent®
lives of packers and laborers after
conferences with President Wilson's
labor mediation board.
t + ♦
Mrs. Carl M. Nellson of Moorhead,
Minn,, lies in a hospital suffering from
critical burns received when candles
on u home Christ mas tree fired her
Santa Claus disguise while distribut-
ing presents to the children.
+ + +
Tho Russian freighter Shilka, Capt.
Boris Dogal, which unheralded slipped
In'o a Pacific port, direct from Vladi-
vostok, is under Bolshevlki control. A
number of the Shilka’s sailors wore
fraternizing on the docks with a party
of alleged Industrial Workers of the
World, twenty-one of whom wtere ar-
rested.
+ + +
Southwest.
United States troops crossed the
Rio Grande into Mexico in pursuit of
the bandits who raided the Brite
ranch house Christmas morning and
killed Michael Welch, the United
States mail carrier, and two Mexican
passengers In the mail car. The re-
port said oue American soldier and
an unknown number of Mexicans had
been killed In a running fight.
+ 4* <fr
Soldiers drilling on the fields at
Camp Doniphan witnessed the spec-
tacular destruction of the huge ob-
servation balloon of the school for
aerial observers recently. The bag
caught fire while on the ground, and
leaped Into the air a mass of flames, !
when it exploded.
+ + +
Thomas E. Campbell has turned
over the governorship of Arizona to
Governor George W. P. Hunt in obedi-
ence to the mandate of the supreme i
court of the state, which found that |
Governor Hunt is (he legally elected
governor by a plurality of 43 votes.
+ + +
The Red Cross enrollment for tho
Southwest district since December 19 j
has reached 2,280,000. This is nearly
three times the original allotment for j
this district, which includes Missouri, |
Kansas, Oklahoma, Arkansas and
Texas.
+ + <■
An army observation balloon, carry-
ing a crew of seven, landed on a farm
about twenty miles north of Temple,
Tex., at dawn the other morning.
Members of the crew report an excit-
ing battle with the wind, the balloon
floating at so low an altitude at times
as to drag them across tree tops and
telephone wires.
+ + +
Three members of the British royal
flying corps training at Fort Worth,
Tex., were killed when two machines
collided In tho air. Two of the men
were in one machine. The collision
took place at a low altitude and less
than half a mile from the landing
field.
+ + *
Foreign.
German ntrocities against American
soldiers are officially reported. An
American sentry has been found with
his throat, cut, and it is officially de-
clared "he must have been so killed
after capture.”
+ + +
Count Czernln, the Austrian-Hun-
Parian foreign minister at the session
of the peace conference at Bres*-
Litovsk. read a statement to the ef-
fect that the Central Powers agreed
to conclude immediately a general
peace without forcible annexations
and indemnities.
+ + +
Leon Trotzky, the Bolshevik! foreign
minister, at a meeting of the revolu-
tionary organizations assembled in
congress at Petrograd, read documents
anil telegrams which lie declared con-
tained evidence that Americans were
helping General Kaledines, the leader
of the Don Cossacks. The story is
emphatically denied by Ambassador
Francis.
* + M
Christmas day was bright and cold
on the battle front, but there were no
demonstrative celebrations. Also there
was no fraternizing with the. Germans,
as happened on the first and even on
tho second Christmas of the war. The
German methods of warfare have
wholly destroyed any tendencies of
that sort among the Britons.
+ + +
The Bolshevik! government has de-
cided to send special representatives
to all countries, belligerent as well as
neutral, to further the propaganda of
internationalism. Two million rubles
have been appropriated for this pur-
pose.
Only the utmost vigilance of patrols
and mounted troops prevented an out-
break of anti-German rioting at Buenos !
Aires. The downtown streets were
crow'ded with Christmas shoppers and
several attempts were made to orga-
i uize demonstrations.
RIFLES FOR ALL THE SOLDIERS
WILL BE PROVIDED WITHIN
A MONTH
Gen. Crozier Assures Senate Commit-
tee That There Will Be Plenty
of Equipment
Washington.—Complete supplies of
rilles within a month for all Ameri-
can forces under arms were promised
1 by Major General Crozier, chief of
ordnance, testifying before the senate
| military committee. Hpringlields for
every regular aud national guardsman
| will be ready before February 1, he
said, and the manufacture of rernod-
! eled Enflelds for the first national
army will be finished in a week.
| As to machine guns, the general
! said, a fully supply of American make
should be ready by July 1, next. Rifles
for tho next draft, he declared, would
be on hand before the mon were iu
(pimp.
General Crozier appeared particu-
larly to answer charges by Colonel
1 Isaac N. Lewis, Inventor of the ma-
chine gun. Ho submitted a prepared
statement dealing with the official
record of the war department’s deal-
ing with the I^ewis gun and then sub-
mitted to a cross examination of sev-
eral hours during which time many
Interesting points were developed.
In reply to assertions made by oth-
er witnesses that the allies had fur-
i nished heavy guns to the American
expeditionary forces only because the
Americans were worse off than they,
the general submitted ofTlicial docu-
ments to prove that England and
France voluntarily offered to provide
cannon, their output having developed
to the point where a surplus was being
produced.
General Crozier refused to shoul-
der the responsibility for the failure
to equip the army adequately with
ordnance before the war. He said it
belonged to the country, and cited the
refusal of the secretary of war and
congress in the past to approve “mod-
est'' ordnance programs.
The genera! vigorously defended his
course in regard to the Lewis gun. He
gace tho committee the record of the
various tests to which the gun was
put and reports of the army experts
show that it had »>ot been demon-
strated to be a satisfactory weapon
until April, 1916, after which orders
for them wore given by the depart-
ment.
Among other things General Crozier
told the committee that the govern-
ment already was building a powder
factory that would have a daily ca-
pacity of a million pounds. He de-
nied stories of wooden guns furnished
men in the cantonments, explaining |
that what had been taken for guns I
were sticks used for bayonqt practice.
General Crozier's testimony included
the following bits of information:
There is good prospect that our
forces In Europe will not be lacking
machine guns in any way.
Seventy-five hundred machine guns
are available for training purposes in
this country.
Contracts for ammunition aggregat-
ing more than one billion dollars, aver-
aging $6,000,000 daily, had been placed
up to December 15.
| The ordnance bureau ordered 63,-
6(5,000 shells for May to December
ngainst 30,000.000 ordered in this coun-
try by England during the entire war.
The government has agreed to pay
$1,250,000 to Colonel Browning, the
Inventor of the Browning gun, and
$1,000,000 to the Colt Automatic Arms
Company, patent licensee.
The Benet-Mercier machine gun has
been abandoned, while the Lewis gun
still lives.
For the sum of $2,250,000 the gov-
ernment secured the right to make as
many Browning guns as desired, and
the government has already ordered
enough so the royalties would amount
to three or four times that sum.
RELEASE ARGENTINE GRAIN
2,500,000 Tons to Be Milled in This
Country.
Buenos Aires.—Announcement is
nade by the government that arrange-
ments have been nearly completed for
selling 2,500.000 tons of wheat to the
entente allies.
Washington —Much of the wheat to
be released by Argentina to the allies
will be transported by way of the
United States for milling here. It will
be brought up in neutral ships and will
be taken across in British vessels.
This will keep the neutral ships out. !
of the danger zone, will keep Ameri- ]
can mills busy and will give to the
United States the bran for cattle feed.
No secret is made of the fact that I
one reason the allies have been parti-
cularly anxious to get this grain aside
from their urgent need of it .is that
they feared it might go to the northern
European countries and thence find its
way to Germany.
DEFEAT BOLSHEVIKI ARMY
Great Battle in Southwest Russia Is
Reported.
Stockholm.—I'kranian and Cossack
forces in a great battle on the south-
western front have defeated bolshe-
vikl troops, taking four hundred pris-
oners and capturisg eight big guns
and 823 machine guns, according to a
dispatch received by the Dageus Ny-
heter from Petrograd by way of Hapa-
randa. The cossacks are in hot buw
zuit of the bolshevlki.
0. S. TAKES OVER
ALL RAILROADS
President Wilson Assumes Con-
trol and Names McAdoo as
Director General.
ACTION TO SPEED WAR WORK
Roads Will Be Operated by Present
Officials but as One System—Con-
gress to Be Asked to Guaran-
tee Earnings.
Washington.—President Wilson has
assumed control of (be entire railway
system of the country as a war meas-
ure. The railroads will be controlled
and operated by the government under
direction of William G. McAdoo, secre-
tary of the treasury.
Mr. McAdoo’s ofiicinl title will be
director general of railways.
In taking over the nillwuys Presi-
dent Wilson bus followed largely the
plan adopted In England. The govern-
ment will guarantee each road shall
receive n net operating Income equal
to the average net Income of the three
years preceding June 30, 1017. The
president in his proclamation further
assures stockholders and bondholders
In file railroads thnt their Interest will
be scrupulously protected.
All regular dividends hitherto de-
clared will be paid and the maturing
Interest upon bonds and debentures
will be guaranteed by the government.
Immediately upon reassembling of
congress the president will ask for
legislation providing definite guaran-
ties upon these points and also provid-
ing thnt the railways shall be main-
tained "in as good repair and as com-
plete equipment as when taken over by
the government.”
Facilities Taken Over by U. S.
Under the president's proclamation
the following are taken under United
States control:
All railroads, comprising 260,000
miles of lines, valued at $17,000,000,-
000.
All coastwise, lake and river steam-
ship lines.
All terminals, terminal companies
and terminal associations.
The Pullman company’s sleeping
cars and parlor cars.
The packers’ and other concerns’
private car lines.
All railroad elevators and ware-
houses.
All railroads telegraph and telephone
lines.
The president also will ask legisla-
tion enabling him to solve the labor
problem of the roads.
The application for a wage Increase
averaging 40 per cent is now pending.
The men hnve refused to accept com-
pulsory arbitration while the roads
were under private control.
This wage question, one of the most
Rerious problems thnt confronts the
government in operation of the roads,
must be settled by Mr. McAdoo.
The president’s proclamation states
he will take possession of the rnll-
yw.vs through Newton D. Baker, sec-
retary of war. This emphasizes his de-
termination to run the roads strictly
ns a part of the military system.
War Department Can Handle Draft.
The fact that the railways are un-
der the war department will simplify
the matter of drafting men for work,
in case an extreme step should be-
come necessary.
The president’s advisers do not be-
lieve such measures will be needed.
The brotherhoods have demonstrated
their loyalty and are depended upon
to adopt action now* that will guar-
antee enthusiastic continued operation
of the roads.
In selecting Mr. McAdoo for the
most powerful place In the adminis-
tration, the president is known to hnve
been influenced by the fact that Mr.
McAdoo has a thorough grasp not only
of railway and government finance, hut
also of the world's financial situation.
Furthermore, one of the president's ad-
visers stated, he is a mnn who does
things. He can cut through red tape.
These two considerations pointed to
the secretary of the treasury as the
one to untie the transportation knot.
Power l> Great.
The power placed in his hands Is
greater than any ever before given a
single American other than a presi-
dent.
He will take possession of every
railroad and every system of transpor-
tation located wholly or in part within
United States boundaries. Street rail-
ways alone are excepted. All steam-
ship companies owned or controlled by
railroads, will come under his control
and operation.
The present officers of the roads
will remain in their places, but can
be removed, or changed, at any time,
by order of the director general of
railroads. His authority is paramount
even to that of the interstate commerce
commission, which hitherto has fixed
President Tells Why He Was Forced to Take
Over the Railroads.
>.
By WOODROW WIL80N.
I have exereleed the powers over the transportation systems of tha
country which were granted me by the act of congresa of August, 1916,
because it has become imperatively neceeaary for me to do so. This is a
war of reaources no less than of men, perhaps even more than of men,
and It is necessary for the complete mobilization of our resources that
the transportation system of the country should be organized and em-
ployed under a single authority and a simplified method of co-ordination
which have not proved possible under private management and control.
The committee of railway executives who have been co-operating
with the government in this all Important matter have done the utmost
that It wae possible for them to do; have done it with patriotic zeal and
with great ability; but there were difficulties that they could neither
escape nor neutralize. Complete unity of administration In the present
circumstances Involves upon occasion and at many points a serious dislo-
cation of earnings, and the committee was, of course, without power or
authority to rearrange charges or effect proper compensations and adjust-
ments of earnings. ,
Several roads which were willingly and with admirable public spirit
accepting the orders of the committee have already suffered from theao
circumstances and should not be required to suffer further. In mere
fairnese to them the full authority of the government must be substituted. 1
The government Itself will thereby gain an immense increase of efficiency
in the conduct of the war and of the innumerable activities upon which
its successful conduct depends.
The public interest must be first served, and In addition the financial |
Interests of the government and the financial interests of the railroads
must be brought under a common direction. The financial operations of
the railways need not, then, interfere with the borrowings of the govern-
ment, and they themselves can be conducted at a greater advantage.
Investors in railway securities may rest asaured that their rights and
Interests will be as scrupulously looked after by the government as they
could be by the directors of the several railway systems. Immediately
upon the reassembling of congress I shall recommend that these definite
guarantees be given: First, of course, that the railway properties will
be maintained during the period of federal control in as good repair and !
as complete equipment as when taken over by the government; and, ’
second, that the roads shall receive a net operating income equal in each
case to the average net Income of the three years preceding June 30,
1917; and I am entirely confident that the congress will be disposed in
this case, aa In others, to see that justice is done and full security asaured
to the owners and creditors of the great systems which the government
must now use under its own direction or else suffer serious embarrass-
ment ,|
The secretary of war and I are agreed that, all the circumstancea
being taken Into consideration, the beet results can be obtained under tho J
immediate executive direction of William G. McAdoo, whose practical
experience peculiarly fits him for the service and whose authority as see- ■!
retary of the treasury will enable him to co-ordinate as no other man
could the many financial interests which will be involved and which
might, unless systematically directed, suffer very embarrassing entangle-
ments.
The government of the United States is the only great government
now engaged in the war which has not already assumed control of this
sort. It was thought to be in the spirit of American institutions to at-
tempt to do anything that was necessary through private management,
and if zeal and ability and patriotic motive could have accomplished the
necessary unification of administration it would certainly have been
accomplished; but no zeal or ability could overcome insuperable obstacles,
and I have deemed it my duty to recognize that fact in all candor, now
that it is demonstrated, and to use without reserve the great authority
reposed in me. A great national necessity dictated the action and I waa
therefore not at liberty to abstain from it.
rates and governed the traffic of the
lines.
Working Out Plans for Months.
The plan now put into effect has
been worked out by the president
through a period of several months.
Almost immediately after the United
States entered the war It became evi-
dent the railroads, under private con-
trol. would not be able to stand the
strain.
The railway heads were willing to
do everything the government de-
manded, but had not the power to
force one road to sacrifice Its finan-
cial interests in behalf of the general
good.
lized In extremely unprofitable trans-
portation in order thnt the transporta-
tion of war materials might be facili-
tated.
Need Fear No Losses.
Under government control no rail-
road will incur such losses. The rail-
roads will not be Interested In what
class of traffic they handle, will not
care whether it is profitable or un-
profitable. If it Is unprofitable the los*.
will he made good by the government,
for the government assures the stock-
holders the return on their Invest-
ment they enjoyed (on the annual av-
erage) for the three years ended June-
In formulating the plan he will
present to congress the president stu-
died the system adopted In England
and consulted men experienced In the
results of the system.
If the English plan Is adopted In Its
entirety the government will order that
government freight and officials en-
gaged on government business be car-
ried free. It then will pay out of pub-
lic funds to each road a sufficient sum
to bring that road’s operating Income
up to the average of the three years
preceding June 30, 1917,
McAdoo, while director general of
railroads, will retain the office of sec-
retary of the treasury, as the president
has pointed out, McAdoo's authority as
secretary of the treasury “will enable
him to co-ordinate the many financial
Interests Involved and which might, un-
less systematically directed, suffer very
embarrassing entanglements.”
The attempt of the railroads them-
selves to provide this single authority
and simplified organization in the exist-
ing railroads war board and its spe-
cial operating committee has proved a
failure because of physical limita-
tions, although the president pays high
tribute to the ability and zeal of the
five rail executives whose efforts have
been devoted to the task.
Will Use War Board.
The organization effected by the
railroads’ war board will be the
foundation upon which Director Gen-
eral McAdoo will build the structure
of government control. It is not un-
likely that some, if not all of the mem-
bers of the war board, will be associ-
ated with Mr. McAdoo in administer-
ing the management of the unified
lines.
In his statement the president re-
fers to the defects of the system of
unification attempted under private
control. Several railroads hnve suf-
fered financially and physically from
carrying out the orders of the war
board, which require them to be utl-
Under government control the rail-
roads are to be assisted in obtaining
the capital necessary to finance the-
'ast extensions of trackage and termi-
nals and the building of additional lo-
comotives and cars made imperative-
by the demands of war.
May Get Loan Later.
The president snys that under gov-
ernment control "the financial earn-
ings of the railways need not then in-
terfere with the borrowings of the
government.” Railroad investment*
are to be made attractive to investor*
by the government guarantee. Even-
tually a loan may be made by the gov-
ernment to the railroads.
It is said, however, in the selection
of Mr. McAdoo for director general of
railroads that there lies the greatest
promise of government assistance to
the railroads in financing their opera-
tions and extensions.
The president says that he will ask-
congress, immediately after the holi-
days, to enact legislation providing
that the rail properties under govern-
ment control shall be maintained In
“as good repair and as complete equip-
ment as when taken over” and that
the roads shall receive a “net operat-
ing Income equal in each case to the
average net Income of the three year*
preceding June 30, 1917.”
Leaders in congress predict that the
legislative branch will act without de-
lay upon the president’s recommenda-
tions.
Crosses Potato With Dahlia.
A. Hickman, an aged gardener of
Eureka, ( al., has sucoeded In crossing
the Irish potato with the dahlia, the
combination producing a species of po-
tato which Is believed to be far su-
perior to thnt found ordinarily on the
market. IV ith the new potato one may
have flowers for the decoration of his
home and, when the plants hnve
reached maturity, potatoes for his din-
ner.
VALUE OF SENSE OF SMELL
Nose Is Quick to Detect the Minutest
Odorous Particles—Four Tastes
of Importance.
Since it is more Important to he
warned of danger than guided to de-
lights our senses are made more sen-
sitive to pain than pleasure. We can
detect by the smell one two-mlllionth
of a milligram of oil of roses or
musk, but we can detect one two-bll-
u">'b of a milligram of mecaptan,
which is the vilest smelling compound
thnt man has so far invented. If you
do not know how much a milligram
is. consider a drop picked up by the
point of a needle and Imagine that
divided into two billion parts, Edwin
E. Slosson writes In the New York
Independent. Also try to estimate the
weight of the odorous rartieles.
What we call flavor or savor Is a
joint effect of taste and odor in which
the latter predominates. There are
only four tastes of importance, acid,
alkaline, bitter and sweet.
Co-Operative Farming Profitable.
The citizens of Avon, Monmouth
county, N. J., bought up at less than
market prices a fine lot of potatoes,
lima beans, hny and other products,
grown on a 95-acre farm leased and
cultivated by the borough to lower the
cost of living. The borough treasury1
has netted a profit of about $1,000 on
the transaction.
WerOA-WWte Quotations.
“T cell it strange that a narrow kUzmS
* *e*fk"^E*ckaaBe.
1
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West, H. C. The Tribune-Progress (Mountain View, Okla.), Vol. 19, No. 35, Ed. 1 Friday, January 4, 1918, newspaper, January 4, 1918; (https://gateway.okhistory.org/ark:/67531/metadc914451/m1/2/: accessed April 25, 2024), The Gateway to Oklahoma History, https://gateway.okhistory.org; crediting Oklahoma Historical Society.