The Oklahoma Herald. (El Reno, Okla. Terr.), Vol. 4, No. 29, Ed. 1 Friday, November 4, 1892 Page: 1 of 8
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EL RENO, OKLAHOMA, T V.. FRIDAY, NOVEMBER l 1892.
NO 20
ABOUT CARL SCHURZ.
WHY HE LEFT THE GREAT RE
PUBLICAN PARTY.
Evan 111 Lincoln's Time the True In-
wardness of His Character «'»« DIs-
niHeil—A Traitor and IJack-liltei—
How Lincoln “Culled Him Down”
My attention lias lteen directed, try
Maj. E. S. Hull is of Cleveland, to a |
THE HOLMAN HOUSE
men who have ‘heart in it' that think |
you are performing your part as poorly ! ^ In,1Htra,ea the charactor and Spirit
Hi- you think 1 a n performing mine. | ^ |hf( 0emucratlc Party of T«»-li«y.
Continuing. Lincoln said: “In an- »p|ie Sundry Civil bill, appropriating
swer to your question, ‘lias it not been j monCy for carrying on much of the
publicly stated in the newspapers, ami j ol.dinary work of the tfovernm«nt»
apparently proved as a fact, that from passed the House of Kepreaen-
the commencement of the war the i tatjves js jn some respects the most
enemy was continually supplied with | (|emag0gic and unworthy measure
information by some of the confidential t]u. Democratic mujority in the
subordinates of as important an officer j|ouse jltls ytq pulsed. To say this is
as Adjt.-Cien. Thomas?’ 1 must say ! to pU^ ^xe t.aM, strongly, but the static
•no.’ so far as my knowledge extends. ment is wurranted by the facts. Under
And I add, that if you can give any! p]oa Gf ‘economy” Holman and
written by President Lincoln to 1 tB,,*‘We evidence upon the subject I j u,g ttggoc,!*tvs have deliberately cut
I'uH Scliurz Maj. Ilullis says “It ought "m Umnk -vou ta00m,‘ to,l'ls ‘',ty und down scorcsof smallappropriations far
to be published.” I think so myself, j ,lo»H' _ . .............. below the :^tua. ueeesMties of govern-
Lhu°r^niam™^^in«^ Ido ^ ^'thislntentlon. m^jrly .very ewe the dcfiel.no.
of obscurity to llis Pul'Pos’'
to stall men in the H.j|j ]mve tll y,0 made either at the next
ua-Ue1 letters^ tiu!l'><make speeVhes^or j >»”*■ ffjv,‘ :,,lvis,‘‘ ,0 :'rili!'isL‘ h'S session of the present Pongi-ess or at
he “mighty Interesting reading” at
Ibis time, sis Greeley was wont to put
it.
Scliurz was in Spain when the war
of the Rebellion began, where he had
been sent by Lincoln to represent this
go vein men t. Tie eume home, ostensi
mount t)u, ilemoerats in the least What they
the stump fo- Cleveland reference to | really wattled was not to save money
this little epistolary episode is unite | l)nt )o mujjC „ pretense of saving it.
proper, also instructive. qq,,. crippling of the public service is
of no account whatever in the osti*
Tin plate. In linllimn. mation of certain shabby politicians
The Republicans of Indiana 1 chose compared with the chance of making
blv to fight, but a musket wasn’t the I the town of Elwood in that State for a little capital with their eonstit-
wi apon he wanted, lie sought to cut the first meeting of the campaign, lie- iients by their pretended economical
and slush, and a sword was put in his cause there has been established there methods.
hand and he was sent to the front if] under the operation of the McKinley j The Democratic majority in tho
he had been a soldier instead of apoli-1 law a tin plate works. Gov. McKinley | House have directly encouraged crime
tieian he might have got a high place of Ohio was the orator of the day. The I and luw-breakmg by refusing to vote
in tlie military history of this country,1 thousands of listeners had an impres-! the sums necessary to detect and con-
especially as ho began as a Brigadier- sive object lesson in the tin plate fuc- viet illicit distillers, smugglers and
General and not down in the ranks tore in operation before their eyes, counterfeiters, they have refused to
where he properly belonged. ' Here are some of the facts concerning j appropriate the amount absolutely os-
It is wail known to all. perhaps, that! it that they had impressed upon them: 1 scntial to keeping the lighthouses in
he became only a commonplace soldier | The product of this plant now , charge of the United States in order
—hardly that,in fact. However,he had j amounts to 1 ,”00 boxes a week. The | throughout tho year. they voted
an idea that he could put down the company has a steady demand for all down the appropriations needed for
war if given aeliutiee. Instead of tight-, it can make, its tin is sold in compc-' the lighting, heating and proper care
ing. for which he was hired and paid. ' tition with well-known foreign brands of the federal but dings in American
he stroked his heard and invented ! uml equals them in every respect, if it cities. The Smithsonian
policies. At 20 he considered himself I does not surpass them. The p.ant
wise enough to give Germany a new began operations on June Hi, 1892, and
constitution and to pick out a suitable has now three buildings completed. I by the whole world of scholars uml
...an for King. At :i:i, as a llrigadier- The first, called hot mill, is K.O l.y 70 I students, is treated with such indefen-
General in tho Federal army, he eon-1 feet, and is constructed of iron The siblc stinginess that its managers i\\ i 1
vide red Lincoln a failure,and sought to ■ second building, the cold-roll mill, is | be obliged to use part of tlie income
institution,
the value of whose scientific anil
educational work is appreciated
CLEARING OFF.
Clouds ami the winds a-chill.
Ami the road or sodden flay.
Ami n mist t'li the dripping hill,
Amt u mask on the day.
And the moon was like tin* pain
When cheer is cold on tin* hearth,
Ami tin- noises dulled by the rain,
Hung low to the earth.
But now. as if one came out.
Drum the western so,is and waved
Onset with gesture ami shout
Till his lift was saved —
So came a wind from tho sun
Ami broke the hurrying rack,
And tho hies.- fd light was won,
And the blue came buck.
And the rainless clouds in the tfVat
f.:i\ whiti like tin* griefs we love
And salt as a sorrow at rest
Was the btm* above.
Iappineotfs Magazine.
WHITING FOR I.IKE.
My ;ienr Tom. I speak to you not
only as un old friend hut as a mecl-
*ieai man; and I see that it. is quite
necessary for1 you to have complete
and perfect rest for some weeks. \ oil
have been overdoing it in nursing
that old uncle in tho country for the
lust three months, and. to my own
knowledge, have' taken tho last train
down there at night and tho first
train to town in the morning, and
have consequently not had a good
ulght’s rest for all I hat time. How-
can a man stand it, added to your hos-
pital work all day. without suffering
from it? Hon t you feel to require
rest?”
•Not tho least in tho world ” re-
turned Haven. • Oddly enough, the
nursing seems to have done mo good.
I confess to having fell thoroughly
knocked up some six weeks since:
but I battled bravely against the fool-
T up: you have run it tine. Fire away!*'
Hu flung in my hag and the several
we entered,
hat and shut
l ••; ome. Tom. this it* Swindon! Lei
us have a cup of coffee!” 1 called te
him through tho window.
in that moment tho spell was brok-
en. 1 saw him look for his knifes
t: en rush to tlie window at the oppo-
site side; but we wore too quick and
rugs. “et cetera ' and
The guard touched his
the door with a hang.
••This door is unlocked, guard?”
said I.
••Yes. sir; side nearest tho platform powerful for him. The guard, two
is always unlocked. Tho other door porters, and I jumped Into the car-
is locked.” rlage. and ho was secured.
Ho whistled, and the train started. My bent friend, with a brilliant
••1 can't bear the Idea of both doors future before him. amt in the ripe
bailiff locked,” l remarked tollmen, portion o his life, was a raving lunu-
- -I ,i oiiso of accident it would bo im tic. and lias remained hopelessly so —
possible to escape from the carriage.
■It doesn't matter,” ho said, and
then relapsed into silence.
l’or about twenty minutes he re-
mained opposite to mo sometimes with
llis eyes closed, sometimes with thorn
fixed upon mo in a most unpleasant
manner. All my endeavors to draw
him into conversation fulled, and after
a t mo I giivo thorn up and also
relapsed into silence.
Suddenly lie roso from his seat and
drew from tho inside of hi-- overrent
a long and pointed knife, which
Hushed ominously in tlie lamplight.
•■.lack Law son. wo must both of us
die to-night.” said ho calmly and de-
liberated. without any excitement of
manner. “I feet Hint the timo lias
come for us both to quit tills vale of
tears. ”
••Vos: I quite agree with you. Tom
Raven.” 1 replied—seeing what hnd
happened in us calm a voice ns Ills
own • I have long thought that life
was becoming very undesirable; and.
to leave it in yonr company, with (
! you. my oldest and warmest friend. ]
would,bo tho most agreeable tiling to ,
me that could happen, lint you aro
not married. Tom.’'
••Thank heaven, no!”
“Remember, 1 am married: and.
Insane from thnt timo ono of many
victims to over work.
1 need scarcely add that tho case
which Raven represented te me aa
. calling him to lixetor was an entire
fabrication, and was invented by him
ns purl of tho scheme '♦hlc.h, in his
1 madness, ho had no doubt seriously
' imagined would ho for tho benefit ol
both of us.
1 frequently go to tho asylum where
lie is to inquire after him; but tho
mention of my naiiio brings on such n
violent aggravation of his disease that
| 1 am uot allowed to sec him. Foot
1 Raven! 1 fear I shall novel- soo hint
, again!
That terrible night can never be
effaced from my memory, and 1 can
never sufficiently congratulate myself
on having so fortunately thought ol
1 tho expedient which answered sc
admirably Writing for Life.
HE LAUGHED.
Kill II « atm* Vcrj Scar llrrakliiK up a
I ontl EiigMKffiiMmt.
Ho was ono of Chicago's young
real estate men. She was woll known
in lliu North Side society s circlet.
They became sinjuuinted at a ball
during tho last winter sonsou uml
passed through the usual Btagcs o!
acquaintance, friendship and tho rost
Tho first two singes wore pase-
tqriff Reform/s st/i-u\
Ol>h Pu nz. '4ii 4c
rfyp We r^try
Wr/P0S6/ft
V1
______ ________ ^ ______ had you given mo notice of this wish ^ ^
lag. won tho victory, and now 1’in as of yours boforo starting. 1 would have ^ ^ 4 llu lllt>v _____.
fresh as paint and up to work bettor made arrangements and have spokon ,(i ju|. timo. liuL tho third promls-
t.him ever.” to my wife to prepare her. Have you #(l tQ tm nilJ{B1.il,s, .Ulj, perhaps lust-
made your will?”
“No. 1 have not. ^ ^)0 beginning of the summer he
“Good Heaven, man. not made purchased a safely bicycle, and wlieu
your will! Tom. it is absolutely |10 j,nd mastered it to a degree joined
necessary lor both of us to inako our (t wbcellng dub. 1 his move was not
VT'.
► i
,
ys,
V
Selwob
j than ever.
••Vou don’t look it. 1 repeat, you
look thoroughly worn out. Hut you
know your own business and state of
health-, and. now your uncle is gone
and has loft you a potful of money,
you can take things easily.”
“Yes, old boy. i m game for any-
thing— mind uml body first-class; and
1 intend to stick by my hospital work.
Its very good of you, Jack, to take
an interest In my health and all that,
hut say no more about it. 1 beg.”
••I promise to say nothing to no-
body. ’’
.Haven and I were at the same
V'^pital st. Lazarus -where he held
a medical and I a surgiawl appoint-
ment. We were both hard worked,
often day and night: and my time and
attention, for about three months
after tho above conversation, were so
fully occupied and engrossed that I
thought no more of the occurrence.
Raven looked in good health, and
was very successful- -indeed lie hade
fair to rise in n short timo to great
eminence in tlie profession, lie was
immensely popular with every one.
His gray hair and bright blue eyes
and healthy llorid complexion, com-
bined with a frank, open, and hearty
manner in speaking, made him a
CRAWFISHING.
grover Cleveland's cowardly retbevt ikom the democratic position.
interests of selfish
give him advice anil to instruct : FI0 by no feet, and is constructed of from its private endowment in order
him lie wrote Lincoln u letter | brick and stone. This building coil to curry on its work and comply with
directly after the autumn elec- tains the boilers, cold-roll machines, the conditions imposed by previous
tion in 186” and got an answer 1 pickling machines and annealing laws of Congress. 1 lie claims of
straightway. ’ The answer is the | ovens. ' The third building, the tin- ■ justice, of humanity, of education^ and
letter to which Major Itullis called I ning house and sorting room, is u the necessities
my attention. Some parts of it are ex- brick structure, 170 liy SO feet. The have all been persistently disregarded
ecedingly breezy and frank and I quote three buildings eost $:»),000. in the supposed
them with considerable satisfaction. j The mimlier of employes is -.'-.'s. of partisanship.
“I have just received and read your Kv horn thirty are boys, thirty girls and I The performs net* of the Holman
letter of the. 20th (November),” wrote 1 the remainder men. The pay-roll runs House effectively illustrates the eliar-
Lincoln. “The purport of it is that we i about $2,000 a week, the highest wages actor and spirit of the Democratic* party
lost the late elections, and the admin- being $.10 a week, which sum is paid of to-day. 1 hey ought to make the
istration is failing because the war is the rollermen. The average rollcrmnn next House Kepuhlican by at least titty
unsuccessful, and that L must not fiat- makes about $7 a day; a doubler makes majority. _
ter mvself that 1 am not justly to from St to S4..10; a heater s:; to $:i..“»(); a
blame for it.” ’catcher, 82. The boys and girls earn s 1,1 nW'-f
The impudence of Scliurz—and it j about 81 n tiny. All those wages arc Mitltllehury News. I he Aberfoj le
was surely monumental—to presume1 more than those paid for the saint: Manufacturing etmip.ui., at Chestei,
tow rite! a letter of'this description to work in Wales, l.y another year, if «**” one of the largest text.le manu-
the President of the United States there is no change it, the industrial | faetnr.ng concerns in tins country-.last
when he himself was a slick in the policy of the government, the company j week announced imu., .c of pt.
field and a positive failure, is quite will enlarge the plant to five times its cent in the wages of the ucaxcis and
enough to take one's breath away even present size, and give employment to employes in some of tlie otlu r tit p.ut-
mnv' . ,. , i 2,ihni ,ucn‘_ : "‘The manager of the mill said the
i ' "“Iha’t'u the war fails'the'u 1 niln- What At. lt.Ju.Helo.,. A,lmi„i.l,-ati.„. business was so good that they could
^•tion fails! an.i“Hml^ l wiU : ..... *'.«,«» .......... i afford to pay more for labor. Then
blamed for it whether l deserve it or
And
You think I could do with lH'.r.*, the last fiscal year
Our Foreign Relations Did.
\ comparison of 1889, the last fiscal he added ironically of tho rise: “Oh,
not And 1 might to be blamed if I yearof the Democratic administration, no. of course the tariff policy of the
could do bettorYou think I could do with 18!,-.'. the lust fiscal year of the Republicans had no lung to do with
better therefore you blame me al- present administration, shows that: t',y r‘;ls(” H ls the ploxlmlty
ready.’ 1 think 1'could not do better 1. We exported Sf •9,000.090 less of Mans. ^
t>1*0foro I blame vou for blaming me. bacon, hams and laid. *.. . .
tnuelore i manic you i h i.*Vr»nvt«*il ono ono loss of lieef ’mill at Norristown were granted an
1 understand you now to be willing to .. Exported -.1.. >0 , less | ilK.rcase ()f o- C(>nls u lon over the rate
accent the help of men who are not products.
* ’ ' they have i 3. Exported •’>10,000.000 less
I want no cattle.
provided
Republicans
•heart in it.’ Agreed
others. But who is to he Judge of
hearts, or of the ‘heart in it.* If I
must discard ray 'own judgment and
take yours’ I must also take that of
others, and by the time I should reject
all 1 should he advised to reject 1
should have none left—Republicans or
others—not even yourself. Be assured,
my dear sir”—and here Lincoln took
Hooven\s rolling
>f live ! now paid, making their wages herc-
1 after $3.7.'* a ton. Tho new schedule
4. Exported $ir»0,000,000 less
mil his knife and cut deep-“there are agricultural products.
01 goes into effect at once, and the
cereals double turn will go to work with a full
5. Exported f- ffi,090.000 less of cotton, force.
0, Exported $1,500,000 less of seed.
7. Exported $1,500,000 less of f*-its Many of the vests used with cos-
and nuts. fumes made with open jacket front*,
8. Exported $2,000,000 less of oil cake . and also the long, close cuffs worn
and meal. j with Russian costumes, are of chamois-
9. \Ve exported #275,090,000 less of colored cloth :.r,d suede kid in both
wills before wo die. 1 have not made
j mino. and should not like to leave the
world with tho elmnce of ,uy wife anil
1 child having to go to tho workhouse- or
i he chargeable on tho parish after >ny
death. You would wish to ^uvo
your money to some ono in particular
i —is it not so?”
•Of course I should liko to leave
my money properly—of yourso— yos!
1 never thought of making my will.”
You nr, .1 al-ix round ’ho-. Tom.
:r (To to die den
viewed by her with favor, inasmuch us
it kept him from her sitlo quite ollott
during tho evenings. Kho could not
ask him to givo up riding, so she de-
termined to got tl wheol and thus bo
able to accompany him. As she is
an only daughter nnd iter father is
• well fixed” she soon hud her wheel.
The young man undertook to initiate
her into the mysteries of its manage-
ment.
Several evenings were spent in the
that, it will iievurdo to diede/ihorntoly, : iessons nnd Hho progrossed splendidly.
One evening she insistod that she
oould ride without assistance. Ho
had some doubts us to the question,
lull site was determined, and. of
of derision to any one. 1 tint sure; , „0l,,.,e ),-L(j her way. Ho holpod her
and I am certain I don’t wish my own
to tie so. Therefore wo must draw
up our reasons for dying.”
■Ho you know, .1 aelc, I never
thought of that?"
■ •Well. then, first put your knife
down on Hie cushion there, and then
wo will set to work. I’ve plenty of
paper in my bug and plenty of lead in
in tho way wo both wish to die. with-
out leaving the world our reason for
tho net.. You would not wish your
name to ho a by-word and tho cause
friend with everybody, and itispirod my pencil, and wo'vo the whole night
confidence in all his patients as well before us.”
as in all Ins friehds.
As nearly as i can recollect, it must
have been about three months after
his uncle died that Raven came to me
one day in tho hospital.
•I've just received a summons lo
Exeter,” said ho. "Tlie family is
wealthy ami influential: and. from
A tremble of my hand, a quiver in
my voice, would lnuo been fata'.. I
opened the bag and drew forth tlie
writing paper. The knife was on tho
cushion at my side.
• Now. Tom. let us first stnlo our
reasons to the world for wishing to
die to-night by our own hands. Jf
what 1 know of tho ease i’vo been you will diet.,to to mo your reasons, I
called there, to attend. 1 urn sure it's will write them down, and then we will
more of u surgical than a medical one. revise and correct them. After t hat.
It, will be an excellent chance for you. I will dictat e my own to you and you
Lawson; and I run promise you a good si,all write them, lie shall be able
fee to begin with. Therefore, if you • - "
. russet and ci:7V-
Thei-e fore,
can possibly manage it. meet mo at
Paddington this evening at half-past
nine, unci wo will go down together
by the express. Send mo word dur-
ing the afternoon if you can come or
not”
1 hesitated.B!It was tho depth of
winter, and 1 hardly liked leaving my
wife am! a most important baby; but
fees were scarce---this was a guidon
opportunity- not to bo rashly neglected.
I decide! to risk my wife's disappoint-
ment.
•■It is most kind of you. Toni. 1
will certainly go down with you. So
far as i can see. there will no nothing
to prevent my doing so.”
A gleam of satislnetion shone ill llis
bright blue ey -
•■You promise?”
■ -Unless anything unforeseen s hoi,Id
happen to prevent me. 1 wilt be at lliu
station by half-past nine.’
••Remember!”
Raven wn - amatically impressive
1 tl,ought, ns we parte I; an i 1 ar-
ranged my work so as to ho able to
keep my appointment. T ho hardest
task was breaking tho news to Amy.
wlio would be low-spirited mi l con-
jure up all kinds of horrors and im-
pending railway accidents, and who
finally dissolved in a shower of tears
as I tore myself away, burthened
with no end of rugs and comforters
to alleviate in some measure tho
moral wet blanket she hud thrown
over mo.
I was only just in time lo catch
R..vea wht hastily openod tb.....r
of tho rails rriage.
“Jump in. Jaok. jump in! liulf-a
crown to the guard has scoured this
compartment for us all the way
down; so we shall have it to ourselves
without fear of interruption. Time's
to do our work well and quickly.”
•• juito right. Jack; wo ought to
give them our reasons. How odd
that 1 iiovc thought of that! Lot me
vee; if I kill you first I might write
them out afterwards.”
• Ali. but who will write out mine?
Don’t 1,0 sottish, there’s a good chap!”
-To bn sure! Well, are you ready?”
lio began dictating long ami flow-
ery sentences. Now mid again I in-
terrupted his How of language to
gain time. This kept Him thoroughly
occupied uad interested, while tho
train sped on at express rate, lio
laid nearly finished It is long rambling
dictation, when to my inexpressible
deligh1 i felt tho speed of the train
gradually slackening. 1 knew my
chance of deliverance was near.
Read over for yourself wiial 1
have written,” 1 said to him. “Tho
ci,rriage is very close—a little fresh
air will do us good. 1 will make any
corrections you may require.”
i silt on the knife and reache I over
to lower the glass. A slight fumbling
necessitated my rising to manage bet-
ter. and tho knife was in my left hand
concealed undor my coat. I turned
round to look at my poor friend, mid
saw him trying intently to rea'u my
seribbio by tho light of tlie lamp,
seemingly unconscious of thestopping
of the train, in another moment the
glass descended, tho knifo dropped
upon the platform, my hand was
thrust, through tho window and on the
bundle of the door The train nearly
stopped ns I umped out shut the
door mid held the handle firmly.
Poor Raven, even then was quite un-
gro-sod with what I had written for
him. i i ailed the guard, nnd secret-
ly and quietly tho porters were as-
sembled on the platform it tlie door
of the carriage.
to mount and gave the wheel a gentle
push as a “startor.” Then ho await-
ed developments. 'T hey came with
startling suddenness. For a few ynrds
all was plain sailing- Then the front
wheel begun to “wabble” ominously.
He ran after hor. but boforo he oould
reach her t lio machine had •-bucked.”
There was a startled scream, a flash
of white and black and tho young
lady laid ulightod. Not in tho ap-
proved manner, but she was off the
wheol.
Then lie laughed. He couldn’t
help it, perhaps, but lie made a great
mistake, lie discovered it when he
offered to help her arise. .Scorning
his outstretched hand sho scrambled
to her feet, picked up her fallen
steed anti trundled it away. He fol-
lowed with explanations and apolo-
gies. but they were received in con-
teinpluous silence. That was sorao
time ago. I-o” several weeks they
unit us strangers.
They were seen riding down La
Salic avenue together the last few
evenings, however, so peace must
have been declared.
Sho rides fairly well now. but should
she take a tumble he wouldn't laugh.
That Inst laugh cost him too many
days of anxiety.
Somethin" New E otter the Sun.
Act lias been us inaccurate in its re-
presentation of the snake In motion
as of the horse. T he snuko does not
lilerally “go upon liis holly.’’ scrip-
ture to tlie contrary notwithstanding,
but upon his side, and llis motion re-
sults from tho uso of tho intercostal
muscles in such a way as to contrnot
the ribs on one side at a time. By
this process and in this position the
snuko can run very rapidly, but only
for a short time. Ho is quite unable
to glide upon u perfectly smooth snr-
f.ici- nor is ho able, as most persons
sup rose, to propel his wholo body
forward mid ill air when striking.
I Prole* n oil at iq-oplu-t.
There is a man in Java who makes
n "ot.id living as a prophet. tie has
be :, paid >1100 n year for tbo last
lifleen years --.or not predicting a tid-
al wave which will sweep clear over
the island.” 'Tho credulous natives
believe, that lie Im- tho powor to at-
. tract a wave that will overwhelm the
country.
Cirt--vf IlrJtiiii’* Lunatic**.
The total number of lunatics in
1-Iig'and and Wales increases by 1.700
n y«-:ir. ;• if toon thousand people go
mad every year, or five out of every
J0.000 people alive in that country
enter an asylum its nitrates during
the year.
Ip
fr.
• -
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Reference the current page of this Newspaper.
Sawyer, Hamlin W. The Oklahoma Herald. (El Reno, Okla. Terr.), Vol. 4, No. 29, Ed. 1 Friday, November 4, 1892, newspaper, November 4, 1892; El Reno, Oklahoma. (https://gateway.okhistory.org/ark:/67531/metadc913130/m1/1/: accessed April 25, 2024), The Gateway to Oklahoma History, https://gateway.okhistory.org; crediting Oklahoma Historical Society.