S. Maintains
Air Leadership
Good Performances Offset De-
creased Production and
Contraction of Industry.
L0N6 RIGHTS SUCCESSFUL
Clear Federal Policy to Aid Progrosa
of Commercial Flying Is Still
Lacking—Year’* Feat* Are
Recorded.
New York.—America has success-
fully maintained her leadership in the
navigation of the air, so far as heavier
than air craft are concerned, despite
the luck of aerial laws, landing Helds
and other such haudicaps, according
to a review of the year 1920, issued
by the Manufacturers' Aircraft asso-
ciation. The review says:
“Decreased production and a gen-
eral contraction In the aeronautical
industry generally Is offset by the
more encouraging records of perform-
ance made In American aviation this
year. While the last twelve months'
have not brought the carefully out-
lined policy of federal jurisdiction re-
quired to assure steady and economical
progress In commercial aviation, they
have witnessed many remarkable
achievements by American pilots In
American machines."
Year'* Performances.
Then follows a long, detailed list
»f performances, among them the fol-
lowing :
“Commander A. C. Rend, hero of
the transatlantic flight In the NC-4,
commanded the same flying boat on a
noteworthy expedition from Itock-
away, L. I., down the Atlantic const,
along the gulf coast and up the Mis-
sissippi river to Cairo, III. When the
NC-4 returned to Itockuway January
27 last it had flown 7,740 nautical
miles. Three of the four Packard
Liberty engines had operated without
trouble during the 118 hours in the
nir, the fourth more than eighty-two
hours. Along the Mississippi the
motors were run on commercial gnso-
line picked up from point to point en
route. Read reported that the great-
est difficulty encountered was lack of
proper maps.
“Compared to long flight attempts
conducted by Eurojienn governments
the American ventures were particu-
larly successful. No less than four
expeditions attempted to fly the 5.200
miles from Cairo to Capetown, South
Africa. Colonel P. Van Ryndveld
and Major C. J. O. Brand ttnuily com-
pleted their flight on March 20, 1920,
In a Dll-9 plane sent up by the gov-
ernment of the Union of South Africa
after their Vickers-Vlmy machine had
crashed. They had set out from Culro
February 10. None of the machines
that started reached Capetown.
“Different success attended the
Alaskan flying expedition of the Unit-
* ed States Army Air service. Four
Gnilaudet remodelled D11-4-B planes,
each powered with a single Liberty
motor, and each carrying two per-
sons flew from Mltchel Field, L. I., to
Nome, Alaska, and return in 112 hours
flying time, a total distance of 0,000
miles, without n motor missing Ore or
other accident serious enough to de-
lay the party. Rnln and fog caused
most of the difficulty in flying over
country not even charted on the mnps.
Operation of Air Mail Service.
"The Air Mull In 1920 operating be-
tween New York and Washington,
New York, Cleveland, Chicago, Omaha,
Salt Lake City and Kan Francisco,
, transported approximately one hun-
dred million letters at ordinary pos-
tage rates. The system was extended
In 1020 from Chicago to San Francis-
co, from Key West, Fla. to Havana,
Cuba, and from Seattle, Wash., to Vie*
torla, B. C. About thirty-five air mall
planes are In the air each day flying
a totul, in round trips, of about 8.000
miles.
“During the year the navy has been
making an aerial survey of the Pana-
ma Canal zone.
“The geological survey has cooper-
ated with the marine corps In mapping
the coastline of IJnytl. American sea-
planes, Curtiss, Aeromarlne and Boe-
ing types, have operated on passenger
routes In China.
“Major R. W. Schroeder, flying an
American designed and built Packard-
Lepero biplane, went up from McCook
Field, Dayton, Ohio, “on February 20,
and reached the world's record alti-
tude of 33,000 feet.”
nation as empress of the French will
be sold at auction shortly.
The dress Is made of exquisite lace,
made by the French lace workers of
Calvados, tb whom Napoleon himself
sent the design.
It was stolen from the Tullerles dur-
ing the riots of the revolution of 1848
and found its way to the Galltera
museum. The empress was the daugh-
ter of Emperor Fruucls It of Austria-
Huugary.
CORONATION DRESS FOR SALE
Gown Worn by Empress Mario Louise
to Be Offered at Auction
in Paris.
Paris.—The beautiful dress worn by
Empress Marie Louise, second wife
of Napoleon, on the day of her coro-
North Carolina Mule
Routed Dairy Invader
A terrific racket In the barn
of A. Johnson, a farmer, of near
Raleigh, N. C., announced that
a milk thief had met his Water-
loo at the business end of a farm
mule.
Johnson had plnnted the mule
in the stall of a cow which the
] thief had been milking at night.
| When the farmer reached tho
t barn, shotgun in hand, he found
f a battered milk pall, a wrecked
j milking stool, a hat, a self-sat-
4 lsfied mule, but no thief.
♦
Coal Mining Took Heavy Toll of Life.
Washington.—More thun 1,500 men
lost their lives in coal mine accidents
In the first nine months of 1920, ac-
cording to a report of the United
States bureau of mines.
14-Year. Tests
of Plant Life
Reveal That Wild Flora Do Not
Always Grow in Most
Congenial Habitat.
ENVIRONMENT IS CHANGED
Flowers Taken From Mountain Tops
Grow Much More Luxuriantly and
Produce More Leaves, Flowers
and Fruit at Sea Level.
Chicago.—At a lecture given before
nn assemblage of geographers and
biologists representing several socie-
ties, Dr. D. T. MacDougal, director of
tlie Botanical research department of
tlie Carnegie Institution at Washing-
ton, described the results of u series
of experiments extending over four-
teen years and embracing 139 species
of plants, tlie experiments tending to
show that the wild plant is not al-
wuys found ir the environment most
suited to It.
"A grent m: ny people think tills.”
said Dr. MacD >ugal, “hut It lias been
found to lie absolutely false.”
Grow More Luxuriantly.
With stations established at four
different altitudes, 8,000 feet, 5,200
feet, 2.300 feet and at sen level, plants
have been transferred from one place
to another, and the results of the cul-
tural experiments of fourteen yeurs
have now been compiled.
In these experiments plants from the
mountain tops, some from a height of
close to one uud one-half miles above
sea level, were found to grow much
more luxuriantly, producing more
leaves, flowers and frulta at set level
than they had In their native habitat.
These plants were not cultivated, pro-
tected or fostered in any wny in their
new situations. Once plueed. they
were to nil Intents and purposes wild
flowers and hud to fight their owu bat-
tles and take chances ns before.
One hundred and thirty-nine plants
were used in these experiments, em-
bracing forms of such wide divergence
as grasses, wild lilies and oak and wal
nut trees, as well us cacti and other
unusunl plants.
“While a plant mny thrive well In
Its new situation.” said Dr. MacDou-
gal, “it will sometimes display a be-
havior quite at variance with that by
which It is ordinarily known. Thus
the common wltchhuzel, which is
known to blootn in the vicinity of New
York when the frosts come, when tak-
en to the equitable climate of the Pa-
cific coast reverts to the normal or
summer-blooming habit. Other sjiecles
show' flower forms, fruits and leaves
notably different from those previous-
ly displayed by them.
"Aquatic plants of the cress family
were made to grow In toll on the
mountain tops, where the roots formed
small radishes, like their relatives.
The radish Is a cress. In other words,
these plants came back to the ances-
tral habit of forming a radish.
Interest to Biologists.
"The manner In which plants travel
about the worjd or nre distributed Is
a problem of great Interest to biolo-
gists, and in this experimental w'ork
particular attention was given to ob-
taining evidence on some of the prob-
lems of dissemination or movement of
plants across the face of tr.e country.”
It was found that rabbits and ro-
dents which inhabit the oak zone at
the top of tlie mountain -unge acted
very effectively ns a barrier to pre-
vent cnctl and other plnnts from mov-
ing up or down the mountain slopes.
To verify tills a barrage z» ne was es-
tablished and the plnnts protected In
screened enclosures which kept off the
little nibbling animals. The plants
thrived nnd prospered end sptend
within the enclosed section. Out in
the open, to either side of the bar-
rage zone, they rapidly disappeared,
being eaten by the rabbits. This ex-
plained the mysterious sudden stop-
page of some of ttiese plants—not alti-
tude nor heat nor eold, hut actual de-
struction through being eaten. The
animals were like a fence.
Tlie coastal laboratory at Cannol-
hy-the-Scn and tlie desert laboratory
at Tucson, Ariz., are two of tlie ex-
perimental stations which were used
In this work.
MERRY SEX WAR ON
Bureau of Engraving and Print-
ing in Throes of Controversy.
Plats Printers' Union Chargta That
Thor* Ar* Too Many “Trifling
Girls*' in the Bureau.
Washington.—A merry sex war Is
In progress iu Uncle Sum's money fac-
tory.
The war started when the I'lnte
Printers' union in the bureau of en-
graving and printing made formal
charges that there were too many
“trifling girls” In the bureau nnd that
they were retarding the efficiency
und the amount of production of
pa|ter money. In their charges the
plate printers intimated that too much
time whs spent by girls employed in
the bureau in administering "little
dabs of paint and powder.” In fact
• t was i i ted that the plate print-
ters objected to "flappers” being em-
ployed in tlie bureau.
The plate printers let themselves in
for trouble.
Federal Employees’ Union No. 105,
embracing the women employees of ihe
bureau, at nil Indignation meeting,
condemned the attitude of tlie plute
printers, denied their charges and de-
plored their giving publicity to what
they alleged to ho a misstatement of
facts.
Miss Gertrude McNally, secretary
of tlie union, declared that the records
of the examining division showed
thut tlie greatest percentage of spoil-
age of printers’ work is for “sly*
wipes," "lifts" nnd “breuks," which
Kpollngc could in no way he attributed
to the assistants.
“I’lnte printers are paid by the
piece rate und in ninny Instances tlie
presses are speeded up for production
at the expense of the quullty of the
work “ Miss McNally stated.
It la predicted thut the charge* of
Three Meals Means Wife
Does 2-Mile Walk Dally
Montgomery,    Ala.—Prepara-
tlon of meals for an averuge
family means n two mile dally
kitchen marathon for the house-
wife, according to statistics
compiled for the conference of
vocational workers of the smith,
in session here. A pedometer
attached to students in the kitch-
en of tho model home at Living-
ston school showed tills meas-
urement for the stove-sink ond-
pnntry route covered during the
period from bacon and eggs to
dinner und dessert.
• ••* <
the Plate Printers' union will result
I11 considerable friction in the future
between the printers and their assist-
ants, since if Inefficiency does exist
the responsibility for th* same has
been placed by one side on the other.
I^MINENtProPL^
Cannon Sets Service Record
An unusual tribute was paid tha
other day by the house of represen-
tutlves to Representative Joseph G.
Cannon of Illinois, who has estab-
lished a new record for length of
service In congress. “Uncle Joe" vu
all smiles as Champ Clark of Mlssoofl,
the Democratic leader, and others teed
of his accomplishments during his long
service.
When It came his time to talk.
Mr. Cannon described the ceremony as
a “wake.” Many big things happened
in 1872, the year he was first elected
to congress. “Speaker Glllett and Mr.
Clark were approaching the polls that
year,” he said, “and Jim Mann, at six-
teen, was trying to decide whether he
would be a farmer o- a lawyer.
“Rainey and Mondell were beginning
to figure life In percentages, and the
ginbltlous of Claude Kltchln and Nick
Longworth at the age of three were
\ centered about their first pants."
The former speaker set the new mark, surpassing In length of service
Justin Smith Morrill of Vermont, who previously bad bold the Uoji'ii forty-
three years, nine months and twenty-four dnyH in the houRs a .fl * stub. .$'r.
Cannon last November was elected to ite Iioja tor the twvnty-thlrv. the-
Martens Is Deported at btt
Well, Ludwig C. A. K. Martens,
Russian soviet representative In this
country, Is on Ills wuy home. It took
quite a while to get rid of him, but
he was deported at last. After
months of Inquiries, hearings and de-
liberation, Secretary Wilson of the de-
partment of labor reached the con-
clusion that Mr. Martens was “affili-
ated with an organization which see'**
the overthrow of the United Stw'ei
government by force and violence.’’
Mt. Martens tins made no Reck't
of the fact that he hoped and pray- 1
for the day when a proletarian dic-
tatorship would supplant the present
government of tlie United States; but
in this pious expectancy he includes
all other so-called “capitalist" gov-
ernments. It merely happens that
ours is the one under which he h*s
chosen to live, enjoying Its liberties
nnd protected by Its laws. Ills de-
fense against deportation Is that.
\1 ith the opening of the pteseat
session of r'>ngie««, th© Rev. fleory
N. Condon, D. D., 'he blind cliapiaia
tin* house of repreiu-uuitivos has
com. h‘tcd 25 years of service. Tide I*
said to h" ili ■ longest con sec mi •* serv.
of any d.'*t)!utii in tlie boose The
Lev. Condon etried In the Ifaiou
K * iv, *».•! v.us honoruhly discharged
by reason of wounds received In bat-
tle which destroyed the sight of both
eyes. He Is seventy-eigbt years old.
Here Is one of his prayers with which
he opens tlie proceedings of the house:
“God of the ages out of whose
nil-inclusive love come a thousand
blessings dny by day to Thy children.
The swift flight of time has brought
us once more to the anniversary of
Thine own best gift to the world, her*
aided by an angelic host singing
‘Glory to God In the highest, and on
eurth pence, good will toward men.*
It Arouses all that Is heat, purest, and
most generous in the hearts of men. Illustrated by n hundred charitable ao*
cletlea which make glad the hearts of millions. It fills the home with love;
pence, and happiness in gifts received nnd distributed. We pray that the
Christ child may he horn in millions of hearts todny that greed, bickering;
and wars uiny pass away.
Pershing Urges Disarmament |
Gen. John J. Pershing Is 'urging
disarmament l»y all nations. This Is
u notable fuct. Inasmuch as General
I’eridilng Is a professional soldier and
generul of tlie United States army.
It was at n dinner in New York “to
tlie starving children of Europe,” that
General Pershing said:
“The world does not seem to learn
from ex|»erlence. It would appear
that the lessons of the Inst six years
should he enough to convince every-
body of the danger of nations striding
about the earth uriued to the teeth.
“Rut no one nation can reducs
armaments unless all do. Isn't It
then, time for an awakening among
enlightened peoples to the end that
the leading powers may reach some
rational agreement which would not
only relieve the world of this terrible
financial load, but which In Itself
would be a long step toward the pre-
vention of war."
One thousand
or more
V
• w
■mi
A
thousand of Nkw York's men aud women of wealth paid 12,011,221.
(hen $2,000 a plate each, to sit at a plain table und eel beef stew.