Oklahoma Farmer (Guthrie, Okla.), Vol. 20, No. 26, Ed. 1 Wednesday, March 15, 1911 Page: 2 of 16
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OKLAHOMA FARM EE, MARCH 15, 1911.
All Communi-
cations on Farm
Matters will be
welcome here.
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J growth*, but not structurally nor in
the groupings of the parasite.
The bacteria causing these plant
tumors are not abundant in the tis-
sues, sometimes very rare; are hard
to see and difficult to stain; they per-
ish readily both in the tumor and in
culture-media; are difficult to culti-
vate from the tissues unless one
knows the technique; do not form
abscess cavities after the manner of
the tubercle diseases, but multiply in
limited number within the tissues and
apparently only inside the cells which
their presence stimulates into rapid
division. The disease metastasizes
readily, and on this account is cut out
with difficulty. The organism loses
virulence easily both inside the tum-
ors and in culture media, and finally if
if the plants are not destroyed by it
they seem lo acquire a partial or com-
plete immunity.
The bulletin should not only be of
very great importance to the orchard-
ist and grower of hothouse plants,
but also to all specialists who are in-
teresled in the cancer problem, inas-
much as in tlie present uncertain state
of research on that disease any clue
whatsoever becomes of importance. It
is not claimed that the organism here
discribed is itself the cause of malig-
nant animal tumors, but only that in
many respects the growths produced
by it are suggestive of malignant ani-
mal tumors, and that probably some
similar parasite lies at the bottom
of the malignant phenomena of such
growths. The bulletin involves team-
work done by four people in the De-
partment of Agriculture, covering a
period of six years amd to the total
number of experiments involved
amounts to thousands.
£ w* *+*** ** at* S
CANCER IN PLANTS.
The Department of Agriculture has
In a press bulletin entitled "Crown
Gall; Its Cause and Remedy," which
promises not only to revolutionize
present views respecting the nature
of various overgrowths in plants, but
clso to throw light on the cancer
problem in men and animals.
This bulletin deals with a widely
distributed and harmful disease of or-
chard trees and other plants. This
disease is commonly known in the
United States as crown gall, but it
may occur not only on the crown of
plants, but on roots and shoots.
The disease lias been known for n,
long time, and under the supposition
that it Mas infect'ous and injurious
various states have made quarantine
laws against it. The disease has been
ascribed to various causes, without
satisfactory proof, and many persona
have been led to believe that it was
not due to any organism. The Experi-
ments detailed in the bulletin show
clearly that the gall is due to bacteria
and i infectious, being readily trans-
mitted not only from plant to plant
of the same kind, but also to many
plants of widely different families.
The bulletin shows that the growth is
not only of itself injurious to the
plant, but also may form an open
wound through which other parasites
are likely to enter, such as the fungus
of root rot, and the bacteria which
cause blight of apples and pears.
The bulletin recommends that the
inspection in force in the various
states be continued and enforced. It
shows what plants it is not advisable
to use as a crop following a galled
one. It describes the life history and
cultural characters of the organism
involved, points out the difficulties
through which it was isolated and
ldentled, gives numerous illustrations
showing the nature of the tumors
liroduced and the time Involved in
their production when pur cultures of
the organism were used, shows that
the organism has a wide range of
host plants, and that the overgrowths
produced are in many ways anato-
mically and otherwise strikingly like
those found in certain malignant ani-
mal tumors.
The cause of cancer is unknown and
a majority of animal pathologists at
the present time are inclined to re-
gard it as non-parasitic, chiefly, how-
ever, because no parasite has been
found. The bulletin shows that a
similar argument might have been
advanced with equal force some years
ago against the parasitic nature of
crown gall. No good reason can be
adduced why cancers should not occur
in plants as well as in animals, and if
these plant growths are truly cancers
then it i« extremely probable that
m'crooganisms of some sort are also
the inciting cause in sarcoma and
carcinoma. Tubercule diseases occur
In plants as well as in animals and
superficially they resemble these
GROWING OF SUMMER APPLES.
On nearly every farm summer ap-
ples have had a place since very early
days, and varities have been developed
extending the season of apple produc-
tion over the entire summer, as well
as autumn. While as a rule this fruit
has been grown for family consump-
tion, the surplus has found its way to
market. The market decline in the
production of peaches within the past
few years has brought about a con-
siderable extension of the early-apple
industry on a commercial scale, which
extension has been most marked in the
Middle Atlantic States, where espe-
cially advantageous transportation
routes, both rail and water, and the
proximity of large markets have stim-
ulated the enterprise, which has its
center in the truck-producing region
near Philadelphia. The U. S. Depart-
ment of Agricultural, as a result of
this extension, has made a study of
the early-apple industry, with the
Middle Atlantic tSates as a field, and
published the information collected in
a bulletin entitled "Summer Apples in
the Middle Atlantic State," issued by
the Bureau of Plant Industry. This
bulletin is a compendium of informa-
tion covering all phases of the ques-
tion of early-apple production, includ-
ing soils, climate culture, picking,
packing, marketing, etc. Numerous
varieties are described, and seasons
and other data conveniently presented
in tabular form.
Hood's
Sarsaparilla
le
The Ideal Spring Medicine
Alterative and Tonic
Pleasant to take, agreeable in action, positive in effect
Purifies the blood, strengthens the nerves, builds up the
whole system. Get it in liquid, or tablets called Sarsatabs.
Makes the Hardest
Hard Water Soft
Sift a little Lewis' Lye into the hardest hard
water and it becomes as soft as rain water.
One teaspoonful to four gallons of water acts
like a touch of magic. Once you've used it,
you wouldn t do without it.
Lewis' Lye
The Standard for Half a Century
makes cltnning a pleasure, and cuts the work of wash-day
right in half. Its great strength (guaranteed 98%), its abso-
lute purity and its perfect uniformity have made it ihe
favorite lye ever since your grandmother's day. It is the
triginal lye (1854) and. even today, it is the only lye
marketed by manufacturing chemists—marketed by makers.
Making our own goods we maintain cur ou'/t standard.
Our expert chemists watch over every detail in the
process of manufacture and we know—just as a million
women know—that every can of Lewis' Lye is of the
same better quality as every other can of Lewis Lye—
always and anywhere.
Countless Uses on the Farm
and in the Home
Lewis' Lye is of vajue on the farm in many
ways. In making pure and economical soap,
in the dairy and poultry houses, cleaning and
disinfecting stables, spraying fruit trees and
vines, cleaning pipes, etc., etc.
Sofd and Guaranteed
by All Grocers, 10c
No Premiums—No Schemes—Just the
Best Lye in tbe World
The Quaker is on
Every Can
PENNSYLVANIA SALT MANUFACTURING CO.
Manufacturing Chemists
PHILADELPHIA
DON'T FAIL TO TEST Y0UP SEED.
This is a subject which has received
a great deal of attention from
thoughtful persons but is still very
little considered by the majority. It's
importance cannot be overestimated
for the quality of the seed has a great
influence on the yield of the crop.
Every one likes to get bargains and
many think that bargains and low-
priced articles are one and the same
thing while in the matter of seed low
prices and bargains cannot go to-
gether.
Take for instance turnips. When
we see one man charging twice the
price quoted by another of course the
higher .iriced is usually for new and
improved varieties, but we often find
difference of price for one variety. One
man may charge for a seed which only
germinates ,'!Q per cent, while another
charges half as much again for a seed
germinating 60 per cent, while an-
other charges half as much again for
seed germinating 95 per cent. From
this a calculation can easily be made
as to the amount of seed required, for
it is the low germination that makes
thick sowing a necessity.
The highpriced seed is economy in
as much as so many more seed germ-
inate. When the farmer knows that
germination is poor he tries to insure
a crop by thick sowing, but there are
times when he gets seeds of poor
germination without knowing it, prob-
ably paying the full price for good
seed.
This should be su'.cient reason for
testing seed. Considering th< number
of purchases of seed each year there
are a ridiculously small number of
tests made. T know of one instance
where samples tested comprised all
the various crops grown on the farm.
In some crops the average of samples
was reasonably good but there wer#
miserably poor samples in practically
every crop.—W. R. Gilbert.
Tbe high price of pigs is playing liavoo
with the poor man's hog, though need-
lessly so; for If a man can not afford
to buy a little pig which can be grow#
and fattened at little cost, he can 'es9
afford to buy high-priced pork.
Sheep require little care and attention,
yet they seldom fail to bring profit#
when given a place on the farm.
Samson windmills
!
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Mm
m
km
* The Wind Mill
thai is different Iroro
all other makes and
better because it has
double gear wheels
and carries the load
between these and
is the ceatei oi the
mitt. There is no ude
strain, nor any none on
the up and down stroke
like there is with other
Boft ■ the
* : 4. 6, 10, 12. 14.
16. 18 uxJ <W
S«u hn catalog.
Stover. MFG. GO., MFRS.
auso ffetn Mum & Gasoline EmWNEB*
184 Samson Suit., nurpam, lu.. (
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Greer, Frank H. Oklahoma Farmer (Guthrie, Okla.), Vol. 20, No. 26, Ed. 1 Wednesday, March 15, 1911, newspaper, March 15, 1911; Guthrie, Oklahoma. (https://gateway.okhistory.org/ark:/67531/metadc88316/m1/2/: accessed April 24, 2024), The Gateway to Oklahoma History, https://gateway.okhistory.org; crediting Oklahoma Historical Society.