OKLAHOMA FARMER, WEDNESDAY, NOVEMBER 14, 1906.
horticulture* ♦
INQUIRIES ADDRESSED TO THE FARMER W1U BE ANSWERED
IN THIS DEPARTMENT.
TO KEEP UP ORHCARDS
Professor E. Walker -of the Ar-
kansas experiment station summarizes
the successful methods of caring for
orchards in that state. In rejunevat-
ing an orchard of 27 acres of old
searing trees, good cultivation, prun-
ing, spraying and the use of both
stable manure and commercial fertil-
izers were given. The work was be-
gun in 1904, and in 1905 about 534
barrels of No. 1 apples were secured,
having a value of $2,077.57, and $240
worth of No. 2 culls and vinegar ap-
ples, while the expense of production
was $883.30.
An uncultivated orchard in the same
locality yielded, in comparison, but 70
barrels of poor No. 2 apples. The re-
sults of analyses of the soil and sub-
soil in the orchard rejunevated show
considerable less than half of the hu-
mus normally present in average
southern soils. In newer ground the
humus was greatest in the surface
rate of three pounds per tree greatly
promoted the general vigor of the tre
increased the average size of the ap-
ples one-third over trees receiving t-
general fertilizer, and gave much bet-
ter results than when only one pound
of the same fertilizer alone, or with
three pounds of muriate or sulphate
of potash, or with 20 pounds of slak-
ed lime was used. The fruit was not
so well colored as that of other trees,
and was later maturing.
On clayey cherty soil, very deficient
in humus, no marked effects followed
the use of the other fertilizer men-
tioned above, when used separately,
Lime seemed to help the foliage and
color of the apples on the trees treat-
ed, while the muriate of potash gave
a very bright winesap red to the nor-
mally bro\vnish Arkansas, or M. B.
Twigs.
The resets in the orchard were
found to make a good growth when
care was given them, with sufficient
thick and paint with two coats of
lime, place these -next to the earth.
Fasten a 2x6 plate on top of posts
and cover with a double roof of hem-
lock boards, painted with two coats
of lime. oCver the roof with earth
leaving a place for a wooden chimney'
at center for ventilation. This chim-
ney should be so constructed that the
opening made by it can be closed
from within. The entrance to the cel-
lar should be to the north. A doub-
le boarded door should be placed at
the direct entrance to the cellar, and
a sloping trap door at the top of the
steps.
Aside from furnishing an excellent
place for storing apples, the cellar af-
fords an ideal place in which to
store vegetables of all kinds. If large
enough, the cellar can be partitioned
off for different crops. Fruits and
vegetables keep best when th tem-
perature of the compartment in which
they are stored is kept as near the
freezing point as possible. By ven-
tilating the cellar and using a ther-
mometer, it will be possible to ob-
tain almost a stable temperature in
the cave?cellar throughout the win-
ter months.
COVER CROPS AND TREES
Prof. Hedrick, of the Michigan Col-
lege, gives ar; account of some exper-
iments made with various cover crops
Drink Pabst, Beer
With Your Meals
It is rich ill the food
elements of Pabst exclu-
sive eight-day malt anil
the tonic properties of
choicest hops. It nour-
ishes the whole body.
Pabst eight-day malt
gets all the good out of
the barley into the beer.
Pabst
BlueRibbon
has highest food value
because made from Pabst
eight-day malt. This,
together with many ex-
clusive features of the
Pabst brewing process,
gives it that rich, mel-
low flavor found in no
other beer.
Pabst Blue Ribbon
Beer is always pure and
clean, the most health-
ful beer and the best to
drink. It is the beer for
your family to drink—
the beer to keep oil hand
in your home.
m
DIGGING POTATOES BY MACHINERY
soil, but in the older land it was
greatest in the subsoil.
Attention was called to the injury
to apples by the green narrow-winged
katydid, Scudderia texensis. This in-
sect injured from three to five per
cent of the fruit on many trees. The
injury consisted principally in the dis
figuring of the fruit.
The proportion of sound apples on
the area first sprayed in going into
the orchard was 93 1-3 per cent; in
other parts of the orchard the per-
centage was 84 to 89 per cent, thus
showing that the best work in spray-
ing was done when the men were
fresh. The cost of spraying was 3 3-4
cents per tree. •
Some of the trees were dust spray-
ed, but the foliage and fruit of these
trees were not so perfect as with the
liquid. It gave better results against
codling moth than against scab, and
was very efficient for tent caterpil-
lars.
The use of nitrate of soda at the
.rt^OOOCHXMaOOCHXM^KiO^aOB;''-'
APPLE ORCHARDS,
—i—
Grow thtm from tlie graft youisflf
Have fruit true to name and save
unnecessary expense. Book on
growing orchards free. <? *
Write, J. F. GOOD,'
Coffeyville Nurseryman.
fertilizer to insure plenty of plant
food within reach of the roots.
Carbon bisulphid was found an effi-
cient remedy for killing sassafras
sprouts when used at the rate of a
teaspoonful on sprouts three to five
feet tall. It was poured down the
stmes, beginning six inches above the
ground. It appeared to kill the roots
in all instances.
Protection from rabbits was secured
by painting the trees with white lead
mixed with pure linseed oil.
The most serious harvest injuries
to apples were found to come from
(bruise^ originating in earless hand-
ling by the fruit pickers, and in the
crushing of "the riper specimens by
the harder specimens in heading in
the barrels.
By shaking down the barrels every
time a half bushel is put in, and filling
only slightly above the chine, this
source of injudy and los can bo
avoided.
along with growing trees. His ex-
periments were made in large pots
with peach trees in them. In some
pots he grew rye, potatoes and other
crops that take no nitrogen from the
air, and the trees associated with
these crops stopped growing early
and ripened their wood, and the roots
did not seem to like the company
they were in. In other pots, he sowed
crimson clover, peas and beans. In
these pots, the trees kept on growing
thriftily, and did not ripen their wood
early, and the roots of trees and clov-
er iwere so entangled together that
they could hardly be separated. Evi-
dently the tree had benefited by the
nitrates formed, as well as the clover.
It is suggested that this may be a
disadvantage in a cold climate by
keeping the wood green too late. But
it evidently showed that the combined
nitrogen was in the soil and not al-
together in roots of tife legumes.
FROSTED LEAVES
HOME STORAGE OF APPLES
Hoot cellars como In handy this
time of the year and if the apple
grower is without one, he should take
steps to construct one.
Locate cellar in well drained sit-
uation.
Make an excavation much as you
would for th^ foundation of a house.
The depth should be not less than four
feet. Place strong posts at the four
corners; between posts place others
three feet apart, take rough hemlock
boards a foot wide and one inch
Leafless trees and meadows bare,
Show the work of autumn air.
Clean up the orchard before snow
flies. "
Store only sound fruit and vege-
tables in the cellar for winter use.
In packing apples shake barrel well
so fruit will settle and leave no room*
for bruising.
Don't forget to dig the borera out
of the peach trees during the early
fall months.
See that the apple crop is secured
ibefore a hard storm blows half of
the fruit from the trees.
Garden loam and well rotted man-
ure make a good top dressing for
lawns when ground freezes. Allow
it to remain until early spring and
then rake off.
Leave the ground in the garden as
ope nas possible during the winter.
This is best accomplished by late fall
plowing.
Cover the fall bulb beds with a
rough litter of leaves to the depth of
two or three inches binding down
with boards.
Cut over the asparagus beds and
burn up stems. Cover bed with a
/heavy dressing of manure three or
four inches deep.
Pick up the scabby and wormy ap-
ples lying on. the ground. Either feed
or throw into rubbish heap to bo
burned later.
Store scions for grafting in forest
leaves in the cellar until ready for
use. Scions may be taken any time
after growth ceases in the fall.
The air gets warm in the root cel-
lar when first filled. See that it is
ventilated daily during the early fall.
This is best done in the early morning,
oi at night.
Where bare spots are found on the
lawn, they should be dug up and the
soil thoroughly fined. Sow some
grass seed and just before freezing
weather mulch with a coating of
manure.
After fruit and vegetables have been
harvested all rubbish should be gath-
ered into a heap and permitted to de-
cay. The fermentation will cause de-
struction of plant diseases, insect
pests, and weed seeds that are wait-
ing to begin their ravages in the ear-
ly spring.
Hearinc
M5W11T