The Supply Republican (Supply, Okla.), Vol. 18, No. 15, Ed. 1 Thursday, May 15, 1919 Page: 3 of 8
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THE REPUBLICAN, SUPPLY, OKLAHOMA
Vv
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4-
GREAT PEACE PACT
WITH GERMANY IS
GIVEN IN SUMMARY
Substance of the Treaty Which
Was Handed to Delegates at
Versailles Palace.
LEAGUE OF NATIONS FIRST
Alsace-Lorraine, Saar Basin, Danzig,
Poland and Other Territory Lopped
Off—German War Power Reduced
to Minimum—Wilhelm to Be Tried.
Herewith is the official summary of
the great peace treaty which was hand-
ed by tlie representatives of the allied
nations to the German delegates at
Versailles:
The preamble names as parties of
the one part the United States, the
British empire, France, Italy and Ja-
pan. described as the five allied and
associated powers, and Belgium, Bo-
livia. Brazil, China. Cuba. Ecuador,
Greece, Guatemala, Haiti, the Hedjaz,
Honduras, Liberia, Nicaragua, Panama,
Peru, Poland. Portugal. Roumanla, Ser-
bia. Slam. Ozecho-Slovakia and Uru-
guay, who with the five above are de-
scribed as the allied and associated
powers: and on the other part, Ger-
many.
Section One—League of Nations.
Tlie covenant of the league of na-
tions constitutes Section 1 of the peace
treaty, which places upon the league
many specific in addition to its general
duties. It may question Germany at
any time for a violation of the neutral-
ized zone east of the Rhine as a threat
against the world's peuce. It will ap-
point three of the five members of the
Saar commission, oversee Its regime
and carry out the plebiscite. It will
appoint the high commissioner of Dan-
zig guarantee the independence of the
free city and arrange for treaties be-
tween Danzig and Germany and Po-
land. It will work out the mandatory
system to be applied to the former
German colonies, and act as a final
court in part of the plebiscites of the
Belgian-German frontier, and in dis-
putes as to the Kiel canal, and decide
certain of the economic and financial
problems. An International conference
on labor Is to be held in October under
Its direction, and another on tlie inter-
national control of ports, waterways
and railways is foreshadowed.
Section Two—Boundaries of Germany.
Germany cedes to France Alsace-Lor-
raine, 5.W10 square mlies of It In the
southwest, and to Belgium two small dis-
tricts between Luxemburg and Holland,
totalling 989 square miles. She also cedes
to Poland tlie southeastern tip of Silesia
beyond and including Oppeln, most of
Posen and West Prussia, 27,686 square
miles. East Prussia being isolated from
the main body by a part of Poland. Ger-
many loBes sovereignty over the north-
easternmost tip of East Prussia 40 square
miles north of the river Memel, and the
Internationalized areas about Danzig, 729
square miles, and the basin of the Saar,
73S square miles, between tlie western bor-
der of the Rhenish palatinate of Bavaria
and the southeast corner of Luxemburg.
Tlie Danzig area consists of the V be-
tween-the Nogat and Vistula rivers made
Into a W by the addition of a similar V
on the west including the city of Danzig.
The southeastern third of East Prussia
and the area between East Prussia and
the Vistula north of latitude 53 degrees
three minutes is to have its nationality
determined by popular vote. 5.785 square
miles, as is to be the case In part of
Schleswig, 2,787 square miles.
Section Three—European Political
Classes.
BELGIUM.—Germany is to consent to
the abrogation of the treaties of 1839 by
which Belgium was established as a neu-
tral state and to Agree in advance to any
convention with wfiich the allied and as-
sociated powers may determine to replace
them. She is to recognize the full sover-
eignty of Belgium over the contested ter-
ritory of Moresnet and over part of
Prussian Moresnet, and to renounce In
favor of Belgium all rights over the cities
of Eupen and Malmedy, the inhabitants
of which are to be entitled within six
months to protest against this change of
sovereignty either In whole or In part, the
final decision to be reserved to the league
of nations. A commission is to settle the
details of the frontier, and various regu-
lations for change of nationality are laid
down._
LUXEMBOURG. — Germany renounces
her various treaties and conventions with
the grand duchy of Luxembourg recog-
nizes that It ceased to be a part of the
German zollverein from January 1 last
renounces all right of exploitation of the
railroads, adheres to the abrogation of its
neutrality, and accepts in advance any
International agreement as to It, reached
by the allied and associated powers.
I.EFT BANK OF THE RHINE__As
provided In the military clauses, Ger-
many will not ninlntnln any fortlHcn-
* Ions or armed forees less than fifty
kilometers to the east of the Ilhlue.
hold any maneuvers, nor maintain uny
works to facilitate mobilization.
In csfse of violation, "she shall be re-
garded as committing a hostile act
against the powers who sign the pres-
ent treaty and as intending to disturb
the peace of the world."
"By virtue of the present treaty
Germany shall be bound to respond to
any request for an explanation which
the council of the league of nations
may think It necessary to address to
her."
ALSACE-LORRAINE.—After recog-
nition of the moral obligation to re-
pair the wrong done in 1871 by Ger-
many to France and the people of Al-
sace-Lorraine. the territories ceded to
Germany by the treaty of Frankfort
are restored to France with their
frontiers as before 1871, to date from
the signing of the armistice, and to be
free of all public debts.
Citizenship Is regulated by detailed
provisions distinguishing those who
are Immediately restored to full French
citizenship, those who have to make
formal application therefor, and those
for whom naturalization is open after
three years. The last-named class in-
cludes German residents in Alsace-
Lorraine. as distinguished from those
who acquire the position of Alsace-
Lorraine as defined in the treaty. All
public property and all private proper-
ty of German ex-sovereigns passes to
France without payment or credit.
France is substituted for Germany as
regards ownership of the railroads and
rights over concessions of tramways.
The Rhine bridges pass to France with
the obligation for their upkeep.
THE SAAR.—In compensation for
the destruction of coal mines in north-
ern France and as payment on ac-
count of reparation. Germany cedes to
France full ownership of the coal
mines of the Saar basin with their
subsidiaries, accessories and facilities.
Their value will be estimated by the
reparation commission and credited
against that account. The French
rights will be governed by German law
in force at the armistice excepting war
legislation. France replacing the pres-
ent owners whom Germany undertakes
to Indemnify. France will continue to
furnish the present proportion of coal
for local needs and contribute In just
proportion to local taxes. The basin
extends from the frontier of Lorraine
as re-annexed to France north as far
as St. Wendel, including on the west
the valley of the Saar as far as Saar-
holzbach and on the east the town of
Homburg.
In order to secure the rights and
welfare of the population and guaran-
tee to France entire freedom in work-
ing the mines, the territory will be
governed by a commission appointed
by the league of nations and consisting
of five members one French, one a native
inhabitant of the Saar and three repre-
senting three different countries other
than France and Germany. The league
will appoint a member of the commission
as chairman to act as executive of lit"
commission. The commission will have
all powers of government formerly be-
longing to the German empire. Prussia
and Bavaria, will administer the railroads
and other public services and have full
power to Interpret tlie treaty clauses. The
local courts will continue but subject to
the commission.
After fifteen years a plebiscite will be
held by communes to ascertain the de-
sires of the population as to continuance
of the existing regime under the league of
nations, union with France or union with
Germany.
Section Four—European Political
Classes.
GERMAN AUSTRIA.—Germany ree-
ORulze* tlie (otsl Independence of Ger-
man Austria In the boundaries traced.
CZECHO-SLOVAKI A—Germany rec-
ognizes the entire independence of the
Czecho-Slovak state. Including the au-
tonomous territory of the Rutlienians
south of the Carpathians, and accepts
the frontiers of tills slate as to be de-
termined, which in the case of the Ger-
man frontier shall follow tlie frontier
of Bohemia in 1914. The usual stipu-
lations as to acquisition and change of
nationality follow.
POLAND—Germany cedes to Poland the
greatest part up upper Silesia, Posen and
the province of West Prussia, on the left
bank of the Vistula. A field boundary
commission of seven—five representing
the allied and associated powers and one
each representing Poland and Germany—
shall be constituted within 15 days of the
peace to delimit this boundary. Such
special provisions as are necessary to
protect racial, linguistic or religious mi-
norities and to protect freedom of tran-
sit and equitable treatment of commerce
of other nations shall be laid down in a
subsequent treaty between the five allied
and associated powers and Poland.
EAST PRUSSIA—The southern and the
eastern frontier of East Prussia Is to be
fixed by plebiscites, the first In the re-
gency of Allensteln between the south-
ern frontier of East Prussia and the
northern frontier of Uegierungsbesli k
Allensteln. from where It meets the
boundary between East and West Prus-
sia to its Junction with the boundary be-
tween the circles of Oletsko and Augers-
burg, thence the northern boundary of
Oletsko to Its Junction with the present
frontier, and the second in the area com-
prising the circles of Stuhm and Rosen-
burg and the parts of the circles of Ma-
rienburg and Marlenwerder east of the
Vistula.
In each case German troops and au-
thorities will move out within 15 dav
the peace and the territories be placed
under an International commission of five
members appointed by the five allied and
associated powers, with the particular
duty of arranging a free, fair and secret
vote. The commission will report the re-
sults of the plebiscites to the five powers
with a recommendation for the boundary
and will terminate its work as soon as
the boundary has been laid down and the
new authorities set up.
The five allied and associated powers
will draw up regulations assuring East
Prussia full and equitable access to and
use of the Vistula. A subsequent con-
vention, of which the terms will be fixed
by the five allied and associated powers,
will be entered Into between Poland,
Germany and Danzig, to assure suitable
railroad communication across German
territory on the right bank of the Vistula
between Poland and Danzig, while Poland
shall grant free passage from East Prus-
sia to Germany.
The northeastern corner of East Prus-
sia about Memel is to be ceded by Ger-
many to the associated powers, the for-
mer agreeing to accept ihe settlement
made, especially as regards the nation-
ality of the inhabitants.
DANZIG—Danzig and the district im-
mediately about it is to be constituted
into the "free city of Danzig" under the
guaranty of the league of nations. A
high commissioner appointed by the
league and resident at Danzig shall draw
up a constitution in agreement with
the duly appointed representatives of
the city and shall deal in the first
instance with all differences arising be-
tween the city and Poland. The actual
boundaries of the city shall be delltnited
by a commission appointed within six
months from the peace and to Include
three representatives chosen by the allied
and associated powers and one each by
Germany and Poland.
A convention, the terms of which shall
be fixed by the five allied and associated
powers, shall be concluded between Po-
land and Danzig, which shall Include Dan-
zig within the Polish customs frontiers,
though a free area In the port; insure to
Poland the free use of all the city's
waterways, docks and other port facili-
ties. the control and administration of the
Vistula and the whole through railway
systems within the city, and postal, tele-
graph and telephonic communication be-
tween Poland and Danzig; provide against
discrimination against Poles within the
city and place its foreign relations and
the diplomatic protection of its citizens
abroad in charge of Poland.
DENMARK—The frontier between Ger-
many and Denmark will be fixed by the
self-determination of the population. Ten
days from the peace German troops and
authorities shall evacuate the region
north of the line running from the mouth
of the Schlel, south of Kappel, Schleswig
and Friedrlchstadt, along the Elder to
the North sea. south of Tonning; the
workmen’s and soldiers’ council shall be
dissolved, and the territory administered
by an International commission of five,
of whom Norway and Sweden shall be In-
vited to name two.
HELGOLAND. — The fortification*,
military e*tul>ll*hment* nn<l hnrhor* of
the Islands of Helgoland nod Dune are
to be destroyed under the supervision
of the nllies by German labor find at
fiermnny'* expense. They mny not be
reconstructed for uny slmllnr fortifica-
tion built In the future.
RUSSIA.—Germany agrees to respect
as permanent and inalienable the inde-
pendency of all territories which were
part of the former Russian empire, tq
accept the abrogation of the Brest-
Lltovsk and other treaties entered into
with the Maximalist government of
Russia, to recognize 'he full force of
all treaties entered into by the allied
nnd associated powers with states
which were a part of the former Rus-
sian empire and to recognize the fron-
tiers os determined thereon. The al-
lied and associated powers formally re-
serve the right of Russia to obtain res-
titution and reparation of the princi-
ples of the present treaty.
Section Five—German Rights Outside
Europe
Outside- Europe Germany renounces
all rights, titles and privileges as to
.her own or her allies’ territories to all
the allied and associated powers, and
undertakes to accept whatever meas-
ures are taken by the five allied pow-
ers in relation thereto.
COLONIES AND OVERSEAS POS-
SESSIONS—Germany renounces In fa-
vor of the nllletl nnd associated powers
her overseas possessions with nil rights
nud titles therein. All motnhle nod
immovable property belonging to the
Gerntnn empire or to uny Germun
state shsll pass to the government ex-
ercising authority therein.
These governments may make what-
ever provisions seem suitable for the
repatriation of German nationals and
as to the conditions on which German
subjects of European origin shall re-
side. hold property or carry on bus!
ness. Germany undertakes to pay rep-
aration for damage suffered by French
nationals in the Kameruns or its fron-
tier zone through the acts of German
civil and military authorities and of
individual Germans from January
1900, to August 1. 1914.
Germany renounces all rights under
the conventions of November 4. 1911,
and September 29, 1912, and undertakes
to pay to France In accordance with an
estimate presented by the repatriation
commission all deposits, credits, ad-
vances. etc., thereby secured. Ger-
many undertakes to accept and observe
any provisions by the allied and asso-
ciated powers as to the trade In arms
and spirits in Africa as well as to the
general act of Berlin of 1885 and the
general act of Brussels of 1890. Dip-
lomatic protection to Inhabitants of
former German colonies is to be given
by the governments exercising author-
renounces in favor
diplomatic or consular establishments in
the German concessions of Tientsin and
Hankow and in other Chinese territory
except Klaochow and agrees to return
China at her own expense all the
HIGH
SPOTS IN
TRE/TY.
PEACE
' 'c HINA.—Germany
of China all privileges and indemnities
'-esulting from the Boxer protocol of
id «......
astronomical instruments seized in 1901
China will, however, take no measures
for disposal of German property In the
legation quarter at Pekin without the
consent of the powers signatory to the
Boxer protocol. Germany accepts the
abrogation of the concessions at Hankow
and Tientsin. China agreeing to open them
to International usa.
MOROCCO.—Germany renounces all her
rights titles and privileges under the act
of Algeclras and the Franco-German
agreements of 1909 and 1911 and under
all treaties and arrangements with the
sheriflan empire. She undertakes not to
intervene in any negotiations as to Mo-
rocco between France and other powers,
accepts all the consequences of the French
protectorate and renounces the capitula-
tions.
EGYPT —Germany recognizes the Brit-
ish protectorate over Egypt declared on
December 18. 1914, and renounces as from
August. 4. 1914, the capitulation and all
the treaties, agreements, etc., concluded
by her with Egypt. She undertakes not
to intervene In any negotiations about
Egypt between Great Britain and other
powers.
There are provisions for Jurisdiction
over German nationals and property and
for German consent to any changes which
may be made In relation to the commis-
sion of public debt. Germany consents to
the transfer to Great Britain of the pow-
ers given to the late sultan of Turkey
for securing the free navigation of tlie
Suez canal. Arrangements for property
belonging to German nationals in .Egypt
are made similar to those in the case of
Morocco and other countries. Anglo-
Egyptian goods entering Germany shall
enjoy the same treatment as British
goods.
TURKEY AND BULGARIA.-Germany
accepts all arrangements which the allied
and associated powers make with Turkey
and Bulgaria with reference to any right,
privileges or Interests claimed in those
countries by Germany or her nationals
and not d“alt with elsewhere
SHANTUNG.—Germany cede* to Ja-
pan nil rights, lliles and grli llrgra, no-
tably ns to Klaochow. nnd the rail-
road*. mines nnd rallies acquired by
her treaty with Chinn of March fl,
1M)7. nnd other agreements us to Shan-
tung.
All German rights to the railroad from
Tslngtau to Tslnaufu. Including all facili-
ties and mining rights and rights of ex-
ploitation. pass equally to Japan and the
cables from Tslngtau to Shanghai and
Chefoo. the cables free of all charges. All
German state property, movable and Im-
movable, in Klaochow is acquired by
Japan free of all charges.
Section Six.
In order to render possible the Initia-
tion of a general limitation of the arma-
ments of all nations, Germany undertakes
directly to observe the military, naval
and air clauses which follow:
MILITARY FORCES.— I’he demobili-
zation of Ihe Germnuy nrniy must take
place within two inonihs of the pence.
Its strength mny not exceed lOO.OOO. In-
cluding 4.000 officers, with not over
seven divisions of Infantry nnd three
of cavalry, nud to be devoted exclu-
sively to mnlntennnee of luterunl order
and control of frontiers.
Divisions may not he grouped under
more than two army corps headquarters
staffs. The great German general staff Is
abolished. The army administrative serv-
ice. consisting of civilian personnel, not
Included In the number of effectives, is
reduced to one-tenth the total In the
1913 budget. Employees of the German
states, such as customs officers, first
guards and coast guards, may not exceed
the number in 1913. Gendarmes and local
police may be increased only in accord-
ance with the growth of population. None
of these may be assembled for military
training
ARMAMENTS—All establishments for
the manufacturing, preparation or stor-
age of arms and munitions of war, ex-
cept those specifically excepted, must be
closed within three months of the peace
and their personnel dismissed. The exact
amount of armament and munitions al-
lowed Germany is laid down In detail
tables, all in excess to be surrendered
or rendered useless. The manufacture or
importation of asphyxiating, poisonous
or other gases and all analogous liquids
is forhidden as well as the importation of
arms, munitions and war material. Ger-
mans- may not manufacture such ma-
terial for foreign governments.
■ INSCRIPTION — Conscription Is
abolished In Germany. The enlisted per-
sonnel must be maintained by voluntary
enlistment for terms of twelve consecu-
tive years, ths number of discharges be-
fore the expiration of that term not In
any year to exceed 5 per cent of the total
effectives. Officers remaining In the serv-
ice must agree to serve to the age of
forty-five years ami newly appointed offi-
cers must agree to serve actively for
twenty-five years.
No military schools except those abso-
lutely Indispensable for the units allowed
shall exist in Germany two months after
the peace. No associations such as so-
cieties of discharged soldiers, shooting or
touring clubs, educational establishments
or universities may occupy themselves
with military matters. All measures of
mobilization are forbidden.
FORTRESSES.—All fortified works, for-
tresses and field works situated in Ger-
man territory within a zone 50 kilo-
meters (30 miles) east of the Rhine will
be dismantled within three months. The
construction of any new fortifications
there is forbidden. The fortified works
on the southern and eastern frontiers,
however, may remain.
CONTROL.—Interallied commissions of
control will see to the execution of the
provisions, for which a time limit is set,
the maximum named being three months.
They may establish headquarters at the
German seat of government and go to
anv part of Germany desired. Germany
must give them complete facilities, pay
their expenses and also the expenses of
execution of the treaty, Including the labor
and material necessary In demolition, de-
struction or surrender of war equipment.
NAVAL—Tlie Germnn navy must be
demobilized within n period of two
moDtlii after the pence. She will be al-
lowed six small battle ships, six light
cruisers, twelve destroyers, twelve tor-
pedo boats and no submnrlnes, either
military or commercial, with a person-
nel of 1.1,000 men, Including officers,
und no reserve force of liny character.
Conscription Is abolisned. only voluntary
service being permitted, with a minimum
period of 25 years’ service for officers
and 12 for men. No member of the Ger-
man mercantile marine will be permitted
any naval training.
All German vessels of war in foreign
ports, and the German high sea fleet in-
terned at Scapa Flow will be surren-
dered, the final disposition of these ships
to he decided upon by the allied and as-
sociated powers.
Ain.—The armed force* of Germnny
must not Include nay military or nnvn!
nlr forrrs except for not over one hun-
dred unarmed seaplanes to he retained
till October 1 to search for submarine
mines. No dirigible shall he kept.
PRISONERS OF WAR.—The repatria-
tion of German prisoners and Interned
civilians Is to be carried out without de-
lay and at Germany’s expense by a com-
mission composed of representatives of
the allies and Germany. Those under
sentence for offenses against discipline
are to be repatriated without regard to
the completion of their sentence. Until
Germany has surrendered persons guilty
of offenses against the laws and customs
of war. the allies have the right to re-
tain selected German officers.
GRAVES —Both parties will respect and
maintain the graves of soldiers and sail-
ors buried on their territories, agree to
recognize and assist any commission
charged by any allied or associate gov-
ernment with Identifying, registering,
maintaining or erecting suitable monu-
ments over the graves, and to afford to
each other all facilities for the repatria-
tion of the remains of their soldiers
RESPONSIBILITIES.—The allied and
associated powers publicly arraign
William II. of Hohensollern, formerly
German emperor, not for an offense
against criminal Inn, but for a su-
preme offense against International
morality and the snnetlty of trentle*.
The ex-emperor’s surrender Is to be
requested of Holland, and a special tri-
bunal set up. composed of one Judge from
each of the five great powers, with full
guaranties of the right of defense. It is
to be guided "by the highest motives of
International policy with a view of vin-
dicating the solemn obligations of in-
ternational undertakings and the valid-
ity of international morality” and will
fix the punishment it feels should be
Alsace-Lorraine goes to
►*< France. *♦<
^ The Saar valley will be tern-
ij porarlly internationalized. >*•«
JsJ Danzig will be permanently X
>*< internationalized.
X Germany renounces all terrl- „♦<
£ torlal rights outside of Europe.
A Germany recognizes the inde- *♦<
pentience of Poland and Czecho- X
►*< Slovakia. j]J«
X The German army Is reduced X
jjj? to 100,000 officers and men, and jljjj
X conscription within Germany is
abolished. X
■J The German navy is reduced
X to 24 warships and no subma- X
A rlnes. $
X Germany may have only 100 A
jj? unarmed seaplanes, to search for [Jj
A mines off her coast. ►*«
jjjj Germany will pay an Indem-
»*« nity, the amount of which is not ►*<
X yet fixed, the Initial payment to X
►*< be 25,000,000,000 marks, about ►*<
X $6,000,000,000. l*<
Germany cedes a large part
X of her merchant fleet to the al- A
»«•
»J Germany agrees to the trial of
X the ex-kalser. X
«*< The disposition of the surren-
X dered German fleet, the German
colonies and the German cables
,♦{ Is left to future action. ►*<
[♦] The league of nations becomes JeJ
A a living organization. $
Y V
>»:♦»»»»»»:♦»:♦»»»:'
military tribunals under military law. If
the charges affect nationals of only one
state they will be tried before a tribunal
of that state; if they affect nationals of
several states they will bo tried before
Joint tribunals of the states concerned.
Germany shall hand over to the asso-
ciated governments either Jointly or sev-
erally all persons so accused and all
documents and Information necessary to
Insure full knowledge of the Incriminat-
ing acts, the discovery of the offenders
and the Just appreciation of the respon-
sibility.
Section Seven—Reparation.
The allied and nssorlnted govern-
ments affirm, nnd German} ueeepts on
behalf of herself and her allies, Ihe re-
sponsibility for causing nil the loss
and damage to which the allied nnd
assoeluted governments nnd their nn-
tlrnuls have been subjected as a con-
sequence of the war Imposed upon
them by the uggresalon of the enemy
states.
The total obligation of Germany to
pay, as defined in the category of dam-
ages. is to be determined and notified
to her after a fair hearing and not
later than May 1. 1921, by an Inter-
allied reparation commission. At the
same time a schedule of payments to
discharge the obligation within thirty
years shall be presented. These pay-
ments are subject to postponement in
certain contingencies. Germany Irrev-
ocably recognizes the full authority of
this commission, agrees to supply It
with all the necessary Information and
to pass legislation to effectuate its
findings. She further agrees to restore
to the allies cash and certain articles
which can be Identified.
As an Immediate step toward resto-
ration Germany shall pay within two
years 20,000,000.000 marks in either
gold, goods, ships, or other specific
forms of payment, with the under-
standing that certain expenses, such as
those of the armies of occupation and
payments for food and raw materials,
may be deducted at the discretion of
the allies.
• While the grand total of damages
assessed against Germany may exceed
her ability to pay, she undertakes to
make compensation for all damages
caused to civilians under seven main
categories: (a) Damages by personal
Injury to civilians caused by acts of
war, directly or Indirectly; (b) damage
caused to civilians by acts of cruelty
ordered by the enemy and to civilians
In the occupied territory; (c) damages
caused by maltreatment of prisoners;
(d) damages to the allied peoples pre-
sented by pensions and separation al-
lowances capitalized at the signature
of this treaty; (e) damages to prop-
erty other than naval or military ma-
terials; (f) damages to civilians by be-
ing forced to labor; (g) damages in the
form of levies or fines imposed by the
enemy.
In periodically estimating Germany’s
capacity to pay the reparation com-
mission shall examine the German sys-
tem of taxation, first to the end that
the sums for reparation which Ger-
many is required to pay shall become
a charge upon all her revenues, prior
to that for the service or discharge of
any domestic loan. and. secondly, so as
to satisfy itself that In general the
German scheme of taxation Is fully as
heavy proportionately as that of any
of the powers represented on the com-
mission.
The commission may require Germany
to give from time to time, by way of
guaranty, issues of bonds or other obliga-
tions to cover such claims as are not
otherwise satisfied. In this connection
and on account of the total amount of
claims, bond issues are presently to be
required of Germany in acknowledgment
of Us debt as follows;
Twenty billion marks, gold, payable
not later than May 1, 1921. without In-
terest; forty billion marks, gold, bearing
2H per cent Interest between 1921 and
1928 and thereafter 5 per cent, with a 1
per cent sinking fund payment begin-
ning In 1926; and an undertaking to de-
liver forty billion marks gold bonds bear-
ing interest at 5 per cent, under terms to
be fixed by the commission.
SHIPPING.—The German government
recognizes the right of the allies to the
replacement, ton for ton and class for
class, of all merchant ships and fishing
boats lost or damaged owing to the war.
and agrees to cede to the allies all Ger-
man merchant ships of 1,600 tons gross
and upward: one-half of her ships between
1.600 and 1,000 tons gross and one-quarter
of her steam trawlers and other fishing
boats These ships are to be delivered
within two months to the reparation
committee, together with documents of
title evidencing the transfer of the ships
free from encumbrance.
As an additional part of reparation,
the German government further agrees
to build merchant ships for the account
of the allies to the amount of not ex-
ceeding 200,000 tons gross annually dur-
ing the next five years. All ships used
for inland navigation taken by Germany
from the allies are to be restored within
two months, the amount of loss not cov-
ered bv such restitution to be made up
by the" cession of the German river fleet
up to 20 per cent thereof.
In order to effect payment by deliv-
eries In kind, Germany is required, for a
limited number of years, varying in the
case of each, to deliver coal, coal tar
products, dyestuffs and chemical drugs in
specific amounts to the reparations com-
mission. The commission may so modi-
fy the conditions of delivery as not to
interfere unduly with Germany's Indus-
trial requirements. The deliveries of coal
are based largely upon the principle of
making good diminutions In the produc-
tion of tne allied countries resulting from
the war.
DEVASTATED AREAS.—Germany un-
dertakes to devote her economic re-
sources directly to the physical restora-
tion of the invaded areas. The reparation
commission Is authorized tq require Ger-
nsonv »ronlflpa thu lloctrnvol it rftplau V ■ V
.901. and all buildings, wharves, barracks,
fort*, munitions of warships, wireless
plants and other public property except
!mp<>:
many to replace the destroyed articles by
the delivery of animal*, machinery, etc.,
existing In'Germany, and to manufacture
materials required for reconstruction pur-
poses. all with due consideration for Ger-
many’s essentlul domestic requirements.
Germany Is to restore within six months
the Koran of the Caliph Othman. former-
ly at Medina, to the king of Hediaz, and
the skull of the Sultan Okwawa, formerly
In German East Africa, to his Britannic
ersotis accused of having committed majesty’s government. The German gov-
3 In violation of the laws and customs I ernment Is also to restore to the French
war are to be tried and punished by 1 government certain papers taken by the
German authorities in 1870, belonging then
to M. Reuher and to restore the French
Mugs taken during the war of 1870 and
1871.
FI NANCES.-Powers to which German
territory is ceded will assume a cer-
tain portion of the German prewar debt,
tlie amount to be fixed by the repara-
tions commission on the basis of the
ratio between the revenue and of the
ceded territory and Germany’s total rev-
enues for the three yeara preceding the
war. In view, however, of the special
circumstances under which Alsace-Lor-
raine was separated from France In
1871, when Germany refused to accept
any part of the French public debt.
France will not assume any part of Ger-
many's prewar debt there, nor will Po-
land share in certain German debts In-
curred for tlie oppression of Poland. If
the value of the German public property
In ceded territory exceeds the amount
of debt assumed, the states to which
property ceded will give credit on repara-
tion for the excess, with the exception
of Alsace-Lorraine Mandatory powers
will not assume any German debts or
give any credit for German government
property. Germnny renounces all rights
of representation on, or control of, state
banks, commission or other similar inter-
national financial and economic organiza-
tions.
Germany Is required to pay the total
cost of the armies of occupation from the
date of the armistice as long as they are
maintained in German territory, this cost
to be a first charge on her resources. The
cost of reparation is the next charge,
after making such provisions for pay-
ments for Imports as the allies may deem
necessary.
Germany is to deliver to the allied
nnd associated powers all sums deposited
In Germany by Turkey and Austria-Hun-
gary In connection with the financial sup-
port extended by her to them during the
war and to transfer to the allies all
claims against Austria-Hungary, Bul-
garia or Turkey in connection with agree-
ments made during the war. Germany
confirms the renunciation of the treaties
of Bucharest nnd Brest-Lltovsk.
On the request of the reparations com-
mission Germany will expropriate any
rights or interests of her nationals in
public utilities in ceded territories or
those administered by mandatories, and
In Turkey. China, Russia. Austria-Hun-
gary nnd Bulgaria, and transfer thorn to
the reparations commission, which will
credit her with their value.
Germany guarantees to repay to Bra-
zil the fund arising from the sale of Sao
Paulo coffee whlcn she refused to allow
Brazil to withdraw from Germany.
Section Eight—Economic Clauses..
CUSTOMS.—For a period of six months
Germany shall Impose no tariff duties
higher than the lowest In force In 1914,
and for certain agricultural products,
wines, vegetable oils, artificial silk and
washed or scoured wool this restriction
obtains for two and a half years or for
five years unless further extended by tlie
league of nations. Germany must give
most favored nation treatment to the
allied and associated powers. She shall
impose no customs tariff for five years
on goods originating In Alsace-Lorraine
and for three years on goods originating
In former German territory ceded to Po-
land. with the right of observation of a
similar exception for Luxemburg
SHIPPING.—Ships of the allied and
associated powers shall for five years and
thereafter, under condition of reciprocity,
unless the league of nations otherwise
decides, enjoy the same rights In German
ports as German vessels and have most
favored nation treatment in fishing, coast-
ing trade and towage, even In territorial
waters. Ships of a country having no
seacoast may he registered at some one
place within its territory.
UNFAIR COMPETITION—Germany un-
dertakes to give the trade of the allied
and associated powers adequate safe-
guards against unfatr competition and In
particular to suppress the use of false
wrappings and markings and on condition
of reciprocity to respect the laws and
Judicial decisions of allied and associated
states In respect of regional appellations
of wines and spirits.
TREATMENT OF NATIONALS.—Ger.
many shall impose no exceptional taxes
or restrictions upon the nationals of the
allied and adssoelated states for a period
of five years and, unless the league of na-
tions acts, for an additional five vears.
German nationality shall not continue to
attach to a person who has become a
national of an allle-l or associated
state.
MULTILATERAL CONVENTIONS—
Some forty multilateral conventions are
renewed between Germany and the al-
lied nnd associated powers, but special
conditions are attached to Germany's
rendmlsslon to several.
PREWAR DEBTS. — A system of
clearing houses is to be created within
three months, one in Germany and one
In each allied and associated state
which adopts the plan for the payment
of prewar debts, including those aris-
ing from contracts suspended by the
war for the adjustment of the proceeds
of the liquidation of enemy property and
the settlement of other obligations.
ENEMY PROPERTY.—Germany shall
restore or pay for all private enemy
property seized or damaged by her. the
amount of damages to be fixed by the
mixed arbitral tribunal. The allied and
associated states may liquidate Ger-
man private property within their
territories as compensation for prop-
erty of their nationals not restored or
paid for by Germany for debts owed
to their nationals by German na-
tionals and for other claims against
Germany. Germany is to compensate
its nationals for such losses and to
deliver within six months all docu-
ments relating to property held by its
nationals in allied and associated states.
All war legislation as to enemy property
rights and Interests is confirmed and all
claims by-Germany against the allied or
associated governments for acts under
receptlonal war measures abandoned.
CONTRACTS — Prewar contracts be-
tween allied and associated nations, ex-
cepting the United States. Japan and Bra-
zil, and German nationals, are canceled
except for debts for accounts already
performed, agreements for the transfer
of property where the property had al-
ready passed, leases of land and houses,
contracts of mortgage, pledge or lien,
mining concessions, contracts with gov-
ernments and Insurance contracts.
Mixed arbitral tribunes shall be es-
tablished of three members, one chosen
by Germany, one by the associated states
and the third by agreement, or failing
which by the president of Switzerland.
They shall have Jurisdiction over all dis-
putes as to contracts concluded before
the present peace treaty.
INDUSTRIAL PROPERTY RIGHTS—
Industrial, literary and artistic property
are re-established, the special war meas-
ures of the allied and associated powers
are ratified and the right reserved to
Impose conditions on the use of German
patents and copyrights when in the public
Interest. Except as between the United
States and Germany prewar licenses and
rights to sue for Infringements are can-
celled.
Section Nine.
OPIUM.—The contracting powers agree,
whether or not they have signed anil
ratified the opium convention of January
23, 1912, or signed the special protocol
opened at The Hague in accordance with
resolutions adopted by the third opium
conference in 1914. to bring the said con-
vention Into force by enacting within 12
months of the peace the necessary legisla-
tion.
RELIGIOUS MISSIONS.—The allied and
associated powers agree that the proper-
ties of religious missions in territories be-
longing or ceded to them shall continue
In their work under control of the powers.
Germany renouncing all claims In their
behalf.
Section Ten.
AERIAL NAVIGATION.—Aircraft of
the allied and associated powers have full
liberty of passage and landing over and
In German territory, equal treatment with
German planes as to use of German air-
dromes. and with most favored nation
planes as to internal commercial traffic
In Germany. Germany agrees to accept
allied certificates of nationality, air-
worthiness or competency or licenses and
to apply the convention relative to aerial
navigation concluded between the allied
and associated powers to her own aircraft
over her own territory. These rules apply
until 1323 unless Germany has since been
admitted to the league of nations or to
the above convention.
Section Eieven.
FREEDOM OF TRANSIT-Germany
must grant freedom of transit through
her territories by mail or water to per-
sons. goods, sh'ps, carriages, and malls
from or to any of the allied or asso-
ciated powers, without customs or transit
duties, undue delays, restrictions or dis-
criminations based on nationality, means
of transport, or place of entry or de-
parture. Goods In transit shall be assured
&U possible speed of Journey, especially
perishable goods. Germany may not
divert traffic from its normal course In
favor of her own transport routes or
maintain "control stations" in connection
with transmigration traffic. She may not
establish any tax discrimination against
the ports of allied or associated powers;
must grant the latter’s seaports ail fac-
tors, and reduced tariffs granted her
own or other nationals, and afford the
allied and associated powers equal rights
with those of tier own nationals in her
ports and waterways save that she U
free to open or close her maritime coast-
ing trade
FREE ZONES IN PORTS-Free zones
existing In German ports on August 1.
1914. must be maintained with due facili-
ties as to warehouse and packing, without
discrimination, and without charges ex-
cept for expenses of administration and
use. Goods leaving the free zones for
consumption In Germany and goods
brought into the free zones from Ger-
many snail be subject to the ordinary im-
port and export taxes.
INTERNATIONAL RIVERS-The Elbe
front the Junction of the Vltava, tlie Vl-
tava from Prague, the Oder from Oppa,
the Niemen front Grodno and the Danub*
front Utm are declared international, to-
gether with their connections. The ri-
parian states must ensure good conditions
of navigation within their territories un-
less a special organization exists therefor.
Otherwise appeal may be had to a special
tribunal of the league of nations, which
also may arrange for a general Interna-
tional waterways convention.
The Elbe and Oder are to be placed
under international commissions to meet
within three months.
THE DANUBE-The European Danube
commission reassumed its prewar pow-
ers. but for the time being with repre-
sentatives of only Great Britain, France,
Itnly and Roumanla. The upper Danube
Is to be administered by a new Interna-
tional commission until a definite statute
be drawn up at a conference of the pow-
ers nominated by the allied nnd asso-
ciated governments within one year after
the peace.
THE RHINE AND THE MOSELLE.—
Tlie Rhine Is placed under tlie central
commission to meet at Strassbourg within
six months after the peace and to he com-
posed of four representatives of France,
which shall in addition select the presi-
dent, four of Germany, and two each of
Great Britain, Italy, Belgium, Switzer-
land, and tile Netherlands.
Section Twelve.
RAILWAYS.—Germany In addition
to most favored nation treatment on
her railways, agrees to co-operate in
the establishment of through ticket
services for passengers and baggage;
to insure communication by rail be-
tween the allied, associated and other
states; to allow construction os im-
provement within twenty-five years of
such lines ns necessary and to con-
form her rolling stock to enable its in-
corporation in trains of the allied or
associated powers. She also agrees to
accept the denunciation of the Gothard
convention If Switzerland and Italy
request, and temporarily to execute
Instructions ns to the transport of
troops and supplies and the establish-
ment of postal and telegraphic service,
as provided.
CZECHOSLOVAKIA. — To assure
Czecho-Hlovakla access to the sea. spe-
cial rights are given her both north
and south. Toward the Adriatic she
is permitted to run her own through
trains to Flume and Trieste. To the
north Germany 1b to lense her for 99
years spaces In Hamburg and Stettin,
the details to he worked out by a com-
mission of three representing Czecho-
slovakia, Germany and Great Britain.
THE KIEL CANAL—The Kter canal
Is to remain free and open to war and
merchant ships of all nations at peace
with Germany, subject, goods and ships
of all states are to be treated on terms
of absolute equality, and no taxes to
be imposed beyond those necessary for
upkeep and Improvement, for which
Germnny Is to be responsible. In case
of violation of or disagreement as to
those provision^, any state may appeal
to the league of nations, and may de-
mand the appointment of an Interna-
tional commission. For preliminary
hearing of complaints Germany shall
establish a local authority at Kiel.
Section Thirteen.
INTERNATIONAL LABOR ORGANI-
ZATION—Members of the league of na-
tions agree to establish a permanent or-
ganization to promote international ad-
justment of labor conditions, to consist
of an annual International labor confer-
ence and an International labor office.
The former Is composed of four rep-
resentatives of each state, two from the
government and one each from the em-
ployers and the employed; each of them
may vote individually. It will be a de-
liberative legislation body, Its measures
taking the form of draft conventions or
recommendations for legislation, which
if passed by two-thirds vote must be sub-
mitted to the law-making authority in
every state participating. Each govern-
rr>ent may enact the terms Into law; ap-
prove the principle, but modify them to
local needs; leave the actual legislation
in case of a federal state to local legis-
latures, or reject the convention altogeth-
er without further obligation.
The international labor office Is es-
tablished at the seat of the league of
nations and part of its organization. It
Is to collect and distribute information on
labor throughout the world and prepare
agenda for the conference.
It will publish a periodical In French
and English and possibly other lan-
guages. Each state agrees to make to It
for presentation to the conference an an-
nual report of measures taken to execute
accepted conventions.
The first meeting of the conference
will take place In October, 1919, at
Washington, to discuss the eight-hour
day or 48-hour week; prevention of
unemployment; extension and ap-
plication of the international conven-
tions adopted at Berne In 1906 prohib-
iting night work for women and the
une of white phosphorus in the man-
ufacture of matches; and the employ-
ment of women and children at night
or in unhealthy work, of women before
and after childbirth. Including mater-
nity benefit, and of children as regards
minimum age. .
Section Fourteen.
GUARANTEES.—As a guarantee for the
execution of the treaty German territory
to the west of the Rhine, together with
the bridgeheads, will be occupied by allied
and associated troops for 15 years’ period
If the conditions are faithfully carried out
by Germany, certain districts, including
the bridgehead of Cologne, will be evac-
uated at the expiration of five years; cer-
tain other districts, including the bridge-
head of Coblenz, and the territory nearest
the Belgian frontier, will be evacuated
after ten years and the remainder. In-
cluding the bridgehead of Mainz, will be
evacuated after 15 years. In case the
Interallied reparation commission finds
that Germany has failed to observe the
whole or part of her obligations, either
during the occupation or after the 15
years have expired, the whole or part
of the areas specified will be reoccupied
immediately. If before the expiration of
the 15 years Germany complies with all
the treaty undertakings, the occupying
forces will be withdrawn Immediately.
EASTERN EUROPE. — All German
troops at present In territories to the east
of the new frontier shall return as soon
as the allied and associated governments
deem wise. They are to abstain from
all requisitions and are In no way to In-
terfere with measures for national de-
fense taken by the government concerned.
All questions regarding occupation not
provided for by the treaty will be regu-
lated by a subsequent conv«ntlon or con-
ventions which will have similar fores
and effect.
Section Fifteen.
MISCELLANEOUS.—Germany agrees to
recognize the full validity of the treaties
of peace and additional conventions to be
concluded by the allied and associated
powers with the powers allied with Ger-
many. to agree to the decisions to be
taken as to the territories of Austria-
Hungary. Bulgaria and Turkey and to
recognize the new states In the frontiers
to be fixed for them.
Germany agrees not to put forward any
pecuniary claims against any allied or
associated power signing the present
treaty based on events previous to the
coining Into force of the treaty.
Germany accepts all decrees as to
German ships and goods made by any
allied or associated prize court. The allies
reserve the right to examine all decisions
of German prize courts. The present
treaty, of which the French and British
texts are both authentic, shall be ratified
and the depositions of ratifications made
in Paris as soon as possible.
The treaty is to become effective
in all respects for each power on the
date of deposition of ita ratification.
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Mayfield, J. W. The Supply Republican (Supply, Okla.), Vol. 18, No. 15, Ed. 1 Thursday, May 15, 1919, newspaper, May 15, 1919; Supply, Oklahoma. (https://gateway.okhistory.org/ark:/67531/metadc848460/m1/3/: accessed April 23, 2024), The Gateway to Oklahoma History, https://gateway.okhistory.org; crediting Oklahoma Historical Society.