The Medford Patriot-Star. (Medford, Okla.), Vol. 24, No. 24, Ed. 1 Thursday, March 8, 1917 Page: 2 of 10
This newspaper is part of the collection entitled: Oklahoma Digital Newspaper Program and was provided to The Gateway to Oklahoma History by the Oklahoma Historical Society.
Extracted Text
The following text was automatically extracted from the image on this page using optical character recognition software:
THE MEDFORD PATRIOT-STAR. MEDFORD. OKLAHOMA •
Copyright by U>« Bobbo-Msrrlll Company.
FOR THE FIRST TIME IN
HIS LIFE KAZAN KNOWS
THE JOY OF PERFECT
FREEDOM — HOW HE
MEETS THE CHALLENGE
OF A HUGE GRAY WOLF.
Kazan Ik ii vicious AluKknti
sledge dog. ouo-qunrter gray
wolf. Me nave* Ills master's life
mid Is taken along when the mus-
ter goes to civilization to meet
his bride and return with her to
the frozen country. Even the
master Is afraid to touch the
dog, hut Isohel, Kazan's new
mistress, wins his devotion In-
stantly. On the way northward
McCreudy, a dog-team driver.
Joins the pi'irty. Inflamed hy
drink on the following night,
McCreudy heats the master In-
sensible and attacks the hride.
Knzan tiles at the assailant's
throat and kills him. Fearful of
punishment, the dog takes to
the woods and wild life.
CHAPTER IV.—Continued.
pursuing and killing at will, oven
though lie did nut eat all he killed.
Ilut (here was no light Jn the rub-
Idls. They died loo easily, They were
very sweet and tender to cut, when he
nas hungry, hut the first thrill of kill-
ing them paused away after a time, lie
wanted something hlgger. lie no long-
er slunk along as If lie were afraid, or
as If he wanted to remain hidden, lie
held Ids head Up. Ills hack bristled.
Ills tall swung free and bushy, like a
wolf's. Every hair In Ills body quiv-
ered with the electric energy of life
ami action, lie traveled north and
west. It was the call of early days—
the days away up on the Mackenzie.
The Mackenzie was a thousand miles
away.
lie came upon many trails in the
snow that day, ami sniffed the scent*
left hy the hoofs of moose amt eartlion,
and tlie fur-pmhied feet of n lynx, lie
followed it fox, and the trull led him to
a place shut In hy tnll spruce, where
the snow was tieaten down anil red-
dened with blood. There was an owl'*
head, feathers, wings and eairiills lying
here, and tie knew that there were
other hunters abroad besides himself.
Toward evening lie mine upon trucks
In the snow that were very muchjlke
tils own. They were quite fresh, and
there was a warm scent about them
tluit made him whine, and tilled him
again with that desire to fall hack up-
I on his haunches and send forth the
wolf-cry." This desire grew stronger
In him as the shadows of night deep-
ened In the forest. He had traveled
all day. hut he was not tired. There
was something about night, now that
there were no men nenr. that exhilarat-
ed him strangely. The wolf blood In
him ran swifter and swifter. Tonight
It was clear. The sky was lilted with
stars. TIip moon rose. Ami ut last
lie settled hack In the snow and turned
; bis head straight up to the spruce tops,
and the wolf came out of him In a long
mournful cry which quivered through
the still night for miles. m
For a long time he sat anil listened
after that howl. lie had found voice— I
a voice with a strange new note In It,
and it gave him still greater confidence. I
i He had expected an answer, but none
came. He had traveled In the face of
the wind, and as he howled, a hull
moose crashed through the scrub tltn- ;
After that cry Kazan sat for a long
deep black pits In the forest about him
as they faded away before dawn. Now
mid then, since the day the traders had
lirst bought him and put him Into
sledge-traces away over on the Macken-
zie, he had often thought of Ids free-
ngalnst the trees like the tattoo of a
clear birch club us ho put distunee he-1
tween himself and that cry.
Twice Kazan howled before he went ,
on, and lie found joy In the practice of j
that new note. He came then to the
the savagery that was born iu him.
Men had been his worst enemies. They
had beaten him time and again until he
was almost dead. They called him
rtt m-T br £ E3:~
never quite dared. It thrilled him now. T'* I "‘T "T """T "l *1
There were no clubs here, no whips, 1 ",,re' 1,u" °,n "e, O,,,or sltl° of ,,u
none of the man-beasts whom he had ri<iRP ,he 110(',i‘',1 ,‘ °'vl' nPon,a, ^
lirst learned to distrust, and then to peeping plain, with a frozen lake glls-
hate. It was his misfortune-.hat ^"'ng In the moonlight and a white
quarter-strain of wolf; anti the clubs. [ vor ,e««»n*/rom It off into timber
Instead of sub....... him. had added to Mmt "ns s" ",lck n,,r so blnck
I tis that In the swamp.
And then every muscle In his body
grew tense, and his blood leaped. From
far off In the plain there came a cry.
“bad.” and stepped wide” of him, and j u "!,s ,lls <''T—the wolf-cry. His Jaws
never missed the chance to snap a snapped. Mis white fangs gleamed,
whip over his hack. Ills body was cov- ! 11,1,1 ,l0 Prowled deep In Ids throat. He
ered with scars they had given him. | "'linU'11 to I-eply. but some strange in-
IIo had never felt kindness, or love, s,hl('t »»'Kcd him not to. That instinct
until the first night the woman had put ',lf (l"' 'vil<1 'V,IS already becoming mas-
her warm little hand on his head, and Iter ,lf hl,n- 1,1 "le 'lir- <» tl,e whisper-
had snuggled her face close down to !"f ,1,e spruce tops, in the moon and
his, while Thorpe—her husband—had |llle smrs themselves, there breathed
cried out in horror. He had almost
hurled Ids fangs in her while flesh, hut
In an instant her gentle touch, and her
sweet voice, had sent through him that
wonderful thrill that was his first
knowledge of love. And now It was a
man who was driving him from her,
away from the hand that had never
held a club or a whip, and he growled
as lie trotted deeper Into the forest.
He came to the edge of a swamp ns
day broke. For a time he had been
filled with a strange uneasiness, and
light did not quite dispel it. At last
lie was free of men. He could detect
nothing that reminded him of their
hated presence in the air. But neither
could he smell the presence of other
dogs, of the sledge, the tire, of compnn-
lotisliip and food, and so far back as he
could remember they had always been
a part of his life.
Here it was very quiet. The swamp
lay in a hollow between two ridge
mountains, and the spruce and cedar
grew low and thick—so thick that
there was almost no snow under them,
and the day was like twilight. Two
tilings he began to miss more than all
others—food and company. Both the
wolf ami the dog that was in him de-
iitiinded the lirst. and that part of him
that was dog longed for the latter. To
both desires the wolf blood that was
strong in him rose responsively. It told
him that somewhere iu this silent
world between the two ridges there
was companionship, and that all he
had to do to find it was to sit back on
his. haunches, nnd cry out his loneli-
ness. More than once something trem-
bled In his deep chest, rose In his
throat, and ended there in a whine. It
was the wolf howl, not yet quite born.
Food came more easily than voice.
Toward midday he cornered a big
white rabbit under a log, nud killed It.
The warm flesh and blood was better
than frozen fish, or tallow and bran,
nnd the feast he had gave him confi-
dence. That afternoon he chased many
rabbits, nnd killed two more. Until
now. he had never known the delight of
a spirit which told him that what he
had heard was the wolf-cry, but that it
was not the wolf cull.
The other came an hour later, clear
and distinct, that same walling howl at
the beginning—but ending In a staccato
of quick sharp yelps that stirred Ills
blood at once Into a fiery excitement
that it had never known before. The
same instinct told him that this was
the call—the hunt-cry. It urged him to
come quickly. A few moments later it
came again, nnd this time there was a
reply from close down along the foot
of the ridge, and another from so fur
away that Kazan could scarcely hear
It. The hunt-pack was gathering for
the night chase; but Kazan sat quiet
and trembling.
He was not afraid, but he was not
ready to go. The ridge seemed to split
the world for hint. Down there It was
new, nnd strange, and without men.
From the other side something seemed
pulling him back, and suddenly he
turned his head nnd gazed back
through the moonlit space behind him,
and whined. It was the dog-whine now.
The woman was back there. He could
hear her voice. He could feel the
touch of her soft hand. He could see
the laughter In her face nnd eyes, the
laughter that had made him warm and
happy. She was calling to him through
the forests, and he was torn between
desire to answer that call, and desire
to go down Into the plain. Fof he
could also see many men waiting for
him with clubs, and he could henr the
cracking of whips, and feel the sting of
their lashes.
For a long time he remained on the
top of the ridge that divided his world.
Ami then, at last, he turned and went
down into the plain.
CHAPTER V.
Leader of the Pack.
All that night Kazan kept close to
the hunt-pack, but never quite ap-
proached it. This wus fortunate for
rvWWWN^
Homerrade Motor Veil*.
Thinking of travel, perhaps by mo-
-, reminds me of the nicest motor
i'l I know of—one that is easily
ide at home. Just n length of chlf-
» or similar weight veiling. 27 Inches
more wide nnd about one and one-
If yards in length. Both ends are
I shed with a tiny hem. Insert a
ae-inch length of round elastic and
lack at each end of the elastic a
row ribbon string. The veil Is
Justed by placing the elastic edge
)H dawn ewer the hat In front and
holding the veil in place over the hnt
hy tying the ribbon strings at the nape
of the neck. Many of the bordered mo-
tor veils, frequently sold so reason-
able, are long enough to make two of
these handy requisites..—Philadelphia
Public Ledger.
Enterprising Eye.
“How did you get such a bruised
eye, RsstusT" “Well, boas, I wee out
a-lookln’ for trouble, an* dls yere eye
was de fast to find It"—St Louis
Globe-Democrat.
' him. Il« still Intro tlu< scent of truces,
nod of man. The puck Mould Imvc lorn
him to pieces. The find Instinct of Hie
wild In llitil of NcIf-preNcrvullnii. it
limy liuvu bceu this, u whisper hack
through the years of savage forebears,
that made Kazaa roll In the miiow now
ami then where the feet of the pack
had Inal the thickest.
That night the pack killed a caribou
oil the edge of llle lake, and feuNtcd
until nearly dawn. Kazan hang In the
face of the wind. The smell of liliwal
and of warm flesh tickled Ills noMrtl*,
and Ills sharp ears could catch the
cracking of hones. Ilut the Instinct
was stronger than the temptation.
Not until broad day, when the park
tiad scattered fat and wide over (he
i plain, did lie go boldly to the scene of
the kill, lie found nothing hut an area
of tdnoA-reddelicd snow, covered with
Imiiicm, entrails and torn hits of tough
hide. But It was enough, ami lie rolled
In It. nail hurled Ills nose In what was
left, ami remained all that day close to
It, saturating himself with the scent
of If.
That night, when the moon and the
stars came out again, he sat buck with
fear and hesitation no longer In him.
and announced himself to Ids new com-
rades of the great plain.
The pack hunted again that night, or |
else It was a new pack Hint started
miles to the south, and came up with a I
(loe curihou to the big frozen lake. The !
tdght was almost as clear as day, anil
from the etlge of the forest Kazaa first
saw the caribou run out oil the lake n
third of a mile away. The park was
about a dozen strong, and had already
spilt Into the fatal horseshof forma-
tion. the two lenders running almost
nbreast of the kill, nnd slowly closing
in.
With a sharp yelp Kazan darted nut
Into the moonlight. He was directly In
Hip path of the fleeing doe. and Imre
down upon her with lightning speed.
Two hundred yards away the doe saw
hint, and swerved to the right, and the
leader on that side met her with open
Jaws. Kazan was la with the second
leader, and leaped at the doe's soft
throat. In n snarling mass the pack
closed la from behind, and the doe
went down, with Kazan half under her
body, his fangs sunk deep in Iter Jugu-
lar. She lay heavily on him. hut he did
not lose his hold. It was his first hip
kill. Ills blood ran like fire. He
snarled between his clamped teeth.
Not until the last quiver had left
the body over him did he pull himself
out from under her chest nnd forelegs,
lie hitd killed a rabbit that day and
was not hungry. So he sat hack in the
snow and waited, while the ravenouf
pack tore at the dead doe. After n lit-
tle he came nearer, nosed In between
two of them, and was nipped for his in-
fusion.
As Kazan drew hack, still hesitating
to mix with his wild brothers, h big
gray form leaped out of the pack and
drove straight for his throat. He had
just time to throw his shoulder to ttie
attack, nnd for a moment the two
rolled over and over in the snow. They
wore up before the excitement of sud-
den battle had drawn the puck from
the feast. Slowly they circled about
each other, their white fangs bare,
their yellowish hacks bristling like
brushes. The fatal ring of wolves
drew about the fighters.
It was not new to Kazan. A dozen
times he had sat In rings like this,
waiting for the final moment. More
than once he had fought for his life
within the circle. It was the sledge-
dog way of fighting. Unless man inter-
rupted with a club or it whip It always
ended in death. Only one fighter could
come out alive. Sometimes both died.
And there was no man here—only that
fatal cordon of waiting white-fanged
demons, ready to leap upon and tear
to pieces the first of the fighters who
was thrown upon his side or back. Ka-
zan was a stranger, bat he did not fear
those that hemmed him in. The one
great law of the pack would compel
them to be fair.
He kept his eyes only on the big gray
lender who had challenged him. Shoul-
der to shoulder they continued to
circle. Where a few moments before
there had been the snapping of Jnws
and the rending of flesh there was now
silence. Soft-footed and soft-throated
mongrel dogs from the south would
have snarled and growled, but Kaznn
and the wolf were still, their ears laid
forward instead of back, their tails
free nnd bushy.
Suddenly the wolf struck In with the
swiftness of lightning, and his jaws
came together with the sharpness of
steel striking steel. They missed by
an inch. In that same instant Kazan
darted in to the side, and like knives
his teeth gashed the wolf’s flank.
They circled ngnin, their eyes grow-
ing redder, their lips drawn back unrll
they seemed to have disappeared. And
then Kazan leaped for that death-grip
at the throat—and missed. It was
only by an inch ngaiu, and the wolf
came back, ns he had done, and laid
open Kazan’s flank so that the blood
ran down his leg uud reddened the
snow. The burn of that flank-wound
told Kazan that his enemy wus old in
the game of fighting. He crouched
low. his hend straight out. and his
throat close to the snow. It was h
trick Kazan lmd learned In puppyhood
—to shield his throat, and wait.
Twice the wolf circled about him.
I ainl Kazan pivoted slowly, his eyes Imlf
| closed. A second time the wolf lcn|M-d
I mill Kazan threw up III* terrible Jaw*,
sure of tlial fatal grip Just In front of
the forelegs. Ills teeth snup|ied ou
! empty Itlr, With tile llludiletiess of ■
lent the wolf had gout' eutuplotely over
| hi* hack.
The trick had failed, nnd with ■
| rumble of Hu* dog snarl lit his throat
{ Kazan ranched the wolf In u single
hound. They met breast to hreast.
I Their fangs clashisl nnd wttli Hie whole
weight of Ids body, Kazan tiling him-
i self against the wolf* shoulders,
, cleared Ids Jaws, mid struck again for
I tlie throat hold. It wus another miss—
hy a hair's breadth—nail before he
could recover, the wolf* teeth wet*
hurled lu the hack of tils nock.
How Kazan chooses a mate
and learn* the jeye of boeeinff
a wolf pack 1* d**crib*d vividly
in the next Installment.
uu (.u.o„iu.j.i
WHEN ONE’S LIFE IS SHAPC9
Not in the Cradle, But From 12 to IS
Years of Age, Prof. Earl
Barnet Declare*.
"'Tho hand that rocks the cradle
rules tlie world?' Nonsense; It only
bundle* the amterlul. The time of the
shaping of llle is from twelve to eight-
een year* old; thut Is the formative
period. All great educators know
Hint," Earl Barnes said In Ills lecture
on Jean I'hrlstophe at Pittsburgh. It
was the last of six studies la genius
given hy Mr. Barnes before the L'ui-
versify Extension society.
“Nothing I* more tragic than the re-
lation of genius to professional lift*."
said Mr. Barnes. "Ueulus Is solitary
and ludlvidual, can never lie fulfilled
until It goes out front the routine and
stays out. If genius were respectable,
like you or me. he would be mediocre
like you or me."
Racial Differences.
A new idea is that races of men may
he differentiated chemically, Just us
they tire separated by easily seen phy-
sical or anatomical peculiarities of
naike-up, lmir, skin, etc. In the blood
of Hermans n count of 4,570,000 white
corpuscles per cubic millimeter him
been made, while u similar count lu the'
blood of French bus shown au average
of 5,500,000; and It is believed that
other racial (inference* quite us notulde
will he revealed when a wide compara-
tive study shall have been made. The
study as suggested would include tlie )
density of organs, viscosity of tlie |
blond, and tlie general chenileul rela-
tions of the various parts of tlie body.
It is pointed out that tlie results might
clear up tin* mystery of tlie immunity
of certain races to certain diseases, ex-
plain the cnt-mid-dog antipathies of I
same races, and show us why certain
Instincts and appetites are so persist-
ent in various people. Doctor Barillon
foresees that the chemical test of races
would even greatly aid in shaping im-
migration and marriage laws.
War on Mosquitoes.
The New Jersey Mosquito Extekwln-
atlon association has asked the legis-
lature of tha't state to appropriate $100,-
000 for prosecution of scientific war-
fare on mosquitoes. This sum will lie
supplementary to funds provided hy
counties, cities and towns in th_* state
for the same purpose. Part of the
work consists in drainage of extensive
salt marshes, filling in lowlands, study-
ing the habits of tlie Insects, oiling
pools, etc. It Is expected, that in the
course of tho cnmpalgu more than 200,-
000 acres of now useless land where
tlie insects propagate will be redeemed
and made agriculturally available.
New York City as a State,
Col. J. B. Bellinger wants the city
of New York elevated into a new state,
To that end lie would have annexed to
it adjacent slices of Connecticut and
New Jersey. In his opinion erection
of the city into a state would bring
power to solve complicated problems,
such as transportation and food dis-
tribution. Should his idea be adopted
the new state would possess the unique
distinction of being the only state in
the Union without an agricultural area
o: farming population.
Gold in History.
Gold was known from the earliest
historic times, and is mentioned in the
eleventh verse of the second chapter
of Genesis. At first it was chiefly used
for ornaments. The trade of the gold-
smith is mentioned in the fourth verse
of the seventeenth chapter of Judges,
in connection with the overlaying of
Idols witii gold leaf.
The Lady Spoke Last.
A five-year-old girl and n three-year-
old girl were talking. “I’m older than
you," said the hoy. elated over the
fact. Said the girl, “Well, I’m newer
than you!”
The Conclusion.
“The Smiths rejoicing In the in-
crease of pay their boy has received.”
“Ah. so to speak, busking la the
son’s raise.”
How Wee French Children Dress.
A pretty white muslin frock worn
recently by h little French child In the
Bols was plaited from a narrow yoke
and scalloped widely at the-bottom.
On each scallop was embroidered a
green bee. On her yellow curls rested
a small round bat of black velvet
Another child. In an Infinitesimal frock
of silk patterned In huge green and
white plaids, wore a hat of purple
velvet with purple velvet bride; and
■tin another, a gypayllke little crea-
ture, was playing happily In n brief
garment of gray silk jersey edged on!
the bottom, on the round neck, and on
the short sleeves with n thick cord of ,
gray rabbit—From a Parts Letter Ini
Vogue.
Great Man Buparatltlaua.
The learned Doctor Jotinaon had a,
special dlsllka of stepping over a
threshold with the left foot foremost'
and ha was often seen to make a gnat;
circuit In order to avoid a certain val-
ley la Lei castor Fields, which ha to!
tiered to be total to him. 1
During a recent llln***» of M*neto»
Gore it wit* necessary for JUnetuf
Hmltli of Mouth Carolina, s* the asst
ranking mcmlter of Ho* commit***
agriculture, to luimlle the tt| i-mpH*-
thm hill for Ho* depart incut of agricul-
ture.
The Republican senator** ••speci-
ally Jones of Washington and Mumo*
of Utah—hud a good deal of fun In a
dignified way out of Smith, because
even nn uninformed senator could see
Hint he didn't know u blessed thing
about the hill lu* wus trying to man-
age. ,
Mr. Jones asked how long It had
boon since special appropriation* had
been made for the study of corn Im-
provement and corn production. Mr.
Smith could not answer the quest lop,
but claimed to know thut “the In-
vestigation Is still In process of de-
velopment." Hmltli explained "Just so"
that the experimentation of the de-
partment In eorn culture “has discovered the very peculiar fuel that in the
?ase of corn bread, say, In the senator's state nnd corn broad In a place some
Jlstanee away, if the seed is Interchanged It will not breed hack to type; so
that they have bred those varieties Iii the different environments lu order to
get the variety best adapted to each.”
Jones wanted to know “Is thut the reason why we cannot get any good
eorn bread any more.”
Smith answered that “the reason we do not get any good corn bread any
more Is because they really arc not housing the corn before it Is put ou tho
market.”
Jones thought “If we had good eorn we could get good corn bread when
you find someone who knows how to make It."
Smith promised "If the seuutor will visit me some time, I will give him
good pone corn bread."
WEBB’S EARLY DAYS
When Edward Yates Webb of
North Cnmlina, chairman of tlie house
Judiciary committee, had made hiswuy
through college and law school he
found himself, nt the age of twenty-
one, some $000 In debt.
Seeing that he was In debt anil
without clients. Webb at once went
about getting himself engaged to be
married. There was a pretty girl, the
daughter of a professor at the little
college he had attended, who had been
willing to listen attentively when
Weld) talked about himself and his
ambitions, and so, of course, there
was nothing to it. The girl’s mother
asked Webb how he proposed to sup-
port a wife inasmuch as he wus a
clientless attorney.
“Oh," says he. bravely thumping
his chest, “I’ll go out and hoe corn if
necessary.”
That seemed to cheer up the moth-
er a good deal and she consented to
the engagement. The .voting folks were to be married thnt fall, nnd during the
summer Webb got a first-rate stnf-t as a lawyer. His first case netted him a
fee of a flve-dollur gold piece and he gave it to his mother. She kept it for
a number of years and then gave it hack to Webb, and he has it yet.
A few days before they were to he married, Webb's fiancee attended a
golden wedding celebration and the Ice cream gave her a serious case of
ptomaine poisoning. Webb married her on what, it was then feured, wus
her death bed. She recovered, but her narrow escape is probably one reason
why Webb lias always taken a great interest in pure-food legislation
REAR ADMIRAL SIMS
Rear Admiral William S. Sima,
U. S. N., slated to succeed Rear Ad-
miral Knight ns head of the naval war
college nt Newport has a knack of
always being where things are hap-
pening, usually things intensely dis-
tressing to a bureaucratic administra-
tion. His career. In this regard,
started while on the China station.
Taking his duties very seriously, he
became obsessed with the Idea that
there was something radically wrong
with gunnery in the navy. He took'
the matter up with his superiors and
was snubbed, with the department and
was Ignored. Flnully he wrote directly
to Theodore Roosevelt, who was then
la the White House. The colonel
cabled for him to come home and he
started at once, not knowing whether
he was to be commended or cashiered
for stepping over his superiors'
heads.
The colonel made him his naval
aide, the most powerful helper in many years, and, stimulated by the president’*
support, he inaugurated a system of target practice reforms which made the
Americans creditable naval gunners.
PORTIA OF THE PINES
]
Portia of the Pines Is what they
are calling Dr. Annette Abbott Adams,
assistant United States attorney for
the California district, who gained
fame recently by securing the con-
viction of Consul General Bopp nnd
two other Germans for conspiracy to
violate the neutrality of the United
States.
Doctor Adams was born In Platt-
vllle, Plumas county, Cal. She learned
her three R's in n mountain school
which was ten miles from “her folks’
place.” In the winter she had to
travel to and from the school on snow-
shoes escorted by the half-breed In-
dian letter carrier* She attended the
state university at Berkeley, and from
It received her degree of doctor of
Jurisprudence.
With another, woman attorney.
■ten a graduate of the Unlverttty of
California. Doctor Adams opened aa
store In Oakland. They got non
at Brat bsrnaaa of the novelty e( It,
•wfter
they becan to get practice he*
her a
Upcoming Pages
Here’s what’s next.
Search Inside
This issue can be searched. Note: Results may vary based on the legibility of text within the document.
Tools / Downloads
Get a copy of this page or view the extracted text.
Citing and Sharing
Basic information for referencing this web page. We also provide extended guidance on usage rights, references, copying or embedding.
Reference the current page of this Newspaper.
The Medford Patriot-Star. (Medford, Okla.), Vol. 24, No. 24, Ed. 1 Thursday, March 8, 1917, newspaper, March 8, 1917; Medford, Oklahoma. (https://gateway.okhistory.org/ark:/67531/metadc826055/m1/2/: accessed April 24, 2024), The Gateway to Oklahoma History, https://gateway.okhistory.org; crediting Oklahoma Historical Society.