The Daily Democrat. (Anadarko, Okla.), Vol. 1, No. 132, Ed. 1, Monday, June 24, 1907 Page: 2 of 4
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MAKERS
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HnoArr onoTfiO tlOdFPH H.
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X-Af10AMAD0R EX-A1BAc)SAD0R. TO SECRETARY TOi
7D FRANCE
ENGLAND
Tho United States has reason to feel
proud of tho commlHalon which It tins
Bent to Tho Hague to tnko part Iti tho
deliberations of tho second great In-
ternational pcaco congress. In many
rospects It la thought to ho ono of tho
nhlest hody of men over nssombled hy
n president of this country and ns
nlcoptlcal as sotno nru regarding tho
substantial and pormanont good to ho
realized hy such n peaco congress It
must bo recognized that tho moral ef-
fect of bringing togothor tho ahlo and
distinguished mon of tho nations ex-
erts a powerful Inlluonco for harmony
among tho world-powors and Is a long
stop towards tho realization of that
world-wldo peaco compact for which
tho International peaco advocates are
so earnestly contending.
Tho commission from this country
and now at Tho Hague Is mado up of
two of our ambassadors to tho lead-
ing nations of Europe and It nlso In-
cludes a nuuihor of tho ablest au-
thorities on International law a quali-
fication which will prove Invnluablo In
tho deliberations of tho congress. Tho
high character of tho delegates to-
gether with tho prestlgo gntned by this
country In tho deliberations of tho
first congress bid fair to eert n strong
influence upon tho present session of
tho peaco parliament and Is practical-
ly a guarantee of tho attitude of tho
congress upon boiuo of tho notablo
recommendations which will bo ad-
vanced In tho interest of universal
peace.
Tho delegation Includes Joseph II.
Choato of New York; Oen. Horaco
Porter of Now York; U. M. Hose of
Arknnsn; Dr. I)ald Jnnu Hill of
Now York; llrlg. Oen. Georgo II. Davis
Unltod Stntos army; Hoar Admiral
Charles S. Sporry United Stntos navy;
.William I. Huchanan of Iowa; Chnn-
dlcr Hale of Maine secretary to tho
delegation; James llrown Scott of
California expert In International law
and Charles Henry Ilutlor of tho Dis-
trict of Columbia expert attache
Tho comparatively recent Borvico of
Mr. Choato ns ambassador to London
which Important post ho tllloil from
1899 to 1905 Is still fiesh In tho minds
of Americans. Equally well and favor-
ably known abroad Is Con. Horaco
Porter who served as Amorlcnn am-
bassador to Franco from 1897 to 1905
and who received from tho French
government tho Grand Cross of tho
Legion of Honor. Dr. David Jnyno
HUI now Amorlcnn mlnlstor to tho
Nothorlnnds Borved as assistant sec-
rotary of Btato boforo enteilng tho
diplomatic sorvlco and won tho re-
spect and esteem of tho diplomatic
corps In Washington. Dr. Hill was
also for n numbor of yoars profossor
of lutui national law nt and president
of Hochostor university.
Tho solectlon of thoso three diplo-
mats Is rogardod as peculiarly happy
for tho oxporlonco which thoy will
bring to tho convention Is expected to
go far toward rendering offoctlvo tho
argumonts which will bo prosontod by
tho American delegation while their
acquaintance with foreign conditions
will enablo thorn to nold thoso eriors
which might bo mado by mon loss fa-
miliar with tho vlows and sentiments
of tho other nation? represented.
Seeking an expert on International
law tho president chose Judgo U. M.
Koso of Arkansas formerly president
of tho American Har association nnd
a man who has glvon closo study not
only to international law but to tho
theory and practlco of Kuropoau Juris-
prudence. Tho probability of an extonslvo dis-
cussion of tho question of disarma-
ment as well as tho military aspect
of most of tho problems which will
confront tho convention mndo neces-
sary tho solectlon of mon prominent
in tho military ostabllshmont of tho
.country and tho secrotary of stnto
was fortunato in being able to find
combined In ono man a soldlr of dis
rt
y
V
fUMfiUE
CHOATE CHANDLR HALE
THE DELEGATION
tinction nnd an expert on international
law. Such ho found In llrlg. Gen.
Davis who boforo ho was nsslgued
to his present Important post that of
judgo advocate genoral of tho army
was for many veara profossor of In
tornatlcnnl law at tho Military Acad-
omy at West Point Moreover Gon.
Davis Is rogardod by hU follow officers
as cue of tho best posted mon on all
military matters and It Is expected
that hl3 sorvlco on the delegation will
provo valuable
Tho representative of tho navy Is
Hear Admiral Sperry another man
who has mado a specialty of Interna-
tional law and who Is now tho presi-
dent of tho Nuval Wnr collego at Now-
port. Ho Is a man of broad culture.
Tho expectation that tho socallod
Drago doctrlno will constitute ono of
tho most lmportnnt fenturos of tho
conference makes tho solectlon of W.
I. lluchannn both fortunato and nat-
ural. As mlnlstor to Argentina Mr.
Uuchnnan ha3 an envlnblo record. Ho
mado himself conversnnt with South
American conditions nnd sentiments
and Inter ho was choson chairman of
tho American delegation to tho Itlo
conference. So successful was Mr.
Uuchnnan In winning tho confidence
and Inspiring tho respect of tho South
American nations that ho was cho3on
by tho Chilian and Argentina govern-
ments ns tho deciding nrbltrator In tho
negotiations which determined tho
boundnry between thoso statos ono
of tho most Importatnt International
disputes over sottlod hy arbitration.
Chandler Halo has boon selected for
secretary of tho delegation. Mr. Hale
who Is a son of Senator Halo of
Malno has enjoyed somo diplomatic
experience having been secrotary of
embassy at Vienna and ho has also
dootcd much nttontlon to tho study
of International law as has Charles
Henry Hutlor reportor nt tho United
States supremo court who is tho ex-
port nttacho of tho delegation. Jnmos
llrown Scott solicitor of tho depart-
ment of stnto and International law
export will also bo attached to tho
delegation which will tako with It a
numbor of export stenographers trans-
lators etc.
In ndditlon John W. Foster ox-sec-retary
of stato of tho United States
will bo present ns chairman of the
Chlnoso delegation.
Tho Intense Interest which tho
United Statos has -taken In negotia-
tions looking to tho oxtonslon of tho
scopo of International law and tho pro-
motion of universal peaco Is well
shown hy tho part plajed by this coun-
try In tho first Hnguo conference nnd
nlso by tho resolution adopted by con-
gress nnd npproved on April 2S 1904.
This resolution joad as follows:
"Hosohed hy tho sonato nnd house
of representatives of tho United
Stntos In congress nssomblod That It
is tho sonso of tho congress of tho
Unltod Statos that It Is desirable In
tho Interest of uniformity of nctlon
by tho maritime states of tho world
in time of war that tho president en-
deavor to bring about an understand-
ing among tho principal mnrlllmo
powors with a vlow of Incorporating
Into tho pormnnont law of civilized in
tlons tho principles of tho exemption
of all prlvato proporty at sea not con
traband of war from capture or de-
struction by bolllgoronts."
Pursuant to this resolution this ex-
emption of tho proporty of noutrals
will constltuto ono of tho Important
issues which this country will urgo
upon tho coming convention. Perhaps
most Important of all howover. will
be tho proposition of Secrotnry Uoot
for tho establishment of a permanent
peaco tribunal lu mombers to bo re
tnlned for ltfo to recolvo such omolu
ment as will rcllovo thorn of the no
cesslty of nil material anxiety and t
devote their entlro tlmo to the adju 1'
cation of International differences an '
tho promotion of International peac
iMfignorc
H
AMATEUR BOOK-BINDING.
Way In Which Magazines May Be
Preserved In Permanent Form.
With tho aid of a llttlo common
soiibo nnd Bomo very ordinary tools
and mntnrlals such ns panto nnd
brush glue brown holland or cre-
tonne or colored linen or black calico
somo largo nnd long sowing needles
strong thread sheets of pnpor and
card very serviceable volumes may bo
mado even of those that have long
passed their prlmo.
Plnco tho cardboard on the table
outer sldo uppormost and rulo off with
a pencil tho Bpaco that Is to be at
lowed down tho contor for tho back or
hingcB of tho volume. TIiIb miiBt bo
dono wlht cnroful measurement so
that it Is qulto truo and nccurnte Seo
that thero Is an equal space between
ench lino (Diagram 1) and w$ n this
Is dono draw a ponknlfo down tho pen
cllled linos Tho knife must only score
tho card not cut It through Procuro
a strip of llnon or holland 13 Inches
deep nnd two nnd a hnlf Inches wide
nnd with n mlxturo of gluo and paste
stick this over the scored portion of
tho card to strengthen tho hinge Lot
it dry then turn tho superfluous ma-
terial nt oach end over into tho lnsldo
of the cover nnd pnsto It down thor-
oughly. Onco moro leave It to dry nnd
m.n
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1. A Cardboard Cover.
in tho mcantimo propui tho mnga-
zincs or book for the binding.
Noxt tnko two double sheets of
plain nnd moderately thick whlto pn-
por. They must bo folded Ilka sheets
of letter-paper but must bo exactly
tho slzo of tho pages that aro to be
bound. With a small brush run a
lino of pnsto down tho fold and placo
ono sheet against tho first tho other
against tho last pago of the mngazlno
or book to ho bound. Tho use of these
fly-lenves will bo seen later on.
Whon all tho details aro dry and
qulto sot thrend ono of tho long large
needles with strong cotton or linen
thrend and placo tlm center of the
middle shoots of tho magazine down
tho oxact center of tho hinge or back
of tho Inside of tho cover which nt
this stngo will appear as In our sec-
ond Illustration.
Mako neat strong stitches not nec-
essarily of very smnll slzo through
tho mlddlo of all tho sheets of tho sec-
2. Sewing the Leaves Into Cover.
tlon (suo diagram 2). See that the
neodlo after having mado tho last
Btltch Ib outsldo tho binding. Sow In
all tho following sheets In tho samo
way taking them first towards tho be-
ginning then towards tho end of tho
pamphlots. (It will bo romorubored
that n beginning was mado In tho mld-
dlo of tho numbors.)
Tho material for tho ornamental
cover may bo mado ready. It must
bo cut about two Inches larger than
tho cardboard caso In every direction.
Tho best wny or measuring is to
spread tho matorlal out on tho table
nnd to lay tho book open upon It. Tho
outer surfneo of tho cardboard cover
already mndo should bo thinly spread
with paste. This cement should be
nllwcd to got partly dry before the
linen Is laid upon it This must be
thoroughly smoothed down with tho
hands nnd loft to dry entirely before
tho raw edges aro turned ovor to the
wrong sldo whoro tho enrd must ho
3. Diagram Showing Shape of Outer
Cover.
spread with gluo ready to rocelvo. If
tho stitches havo not been taken too
n oar tho top and bottom edgos of tho
cover in sowing tho looso sheets Into
their places tho llnon can bo pushed
down behind them at tho top and bot-
tom and therefore will not need to bo
cut away from tho hinge. At tho cor-
ners tho material must bo neatly fold-
ed in nnd ns much as posslblo of Its
Buporflulty romoved In order that It
may sot flatly and smoothly (Diagram
3).
Lastly ono of tho whlto pages that
were udded to tho magazines boforo
the sowing was dono must bo fastened
down to each covor hy way of a lining.
It Is ndvlsablo to spread tho pasto for
this upon tho covor not upon tbo pa-
per ltsolf.
i i
I
IMPKOVED CONCRETE WALL.
Construction Which Will Prvent
Penetration of Dampness.
As concrete absorbs moisture ns
readily as brick It Is obvious that
dampness will ponetrnto n solid con-
creto wall and appear as bonds or
swoat on tho plastering. For this rea-
Bon concroto building blocks nro form-
ed with air spneos Hut this does not
entirely remedy tho dofect hecauso
certain sections of the block which dl-
vldo tho air spaces form a solid mass
extending from tho outer to tho Inner
sldo of tho block permitting the mots-
An Improved Wall Construction.
turo to porcolate unobstructed to tho
Inner surface. To overcomo this n3
well as othor difficulties generally en-
countered Mr. John O. von Hofe has
Invented a new typo of hollow build-
ing block nnd a now form of wall con-
struction which tho Scientific Ameri-
can Illustrates In tho accompanying
engraving a veneer of hollow blocks
bonded to an air-spaced monolith
mass. Tho block Is narrow being
adapted to bo used as an ornamental
vonoor for n continuous concrete wall.
A recess Is molded In tho end of each
block with a semicircular oponlng In
tho rear wall and when two blocks
nro placed end to end tho adjacent
recesses form a chamber to which ac-
cess Is provided at tho rear through
n circular port formed by tho two ad-
jacent openings. This chamber being
larger than tho port serves as an un-
dercut cavity or T-shaped lock. In
constructing tho wall tho veneer
blocks aro set up In courses which
break Joints In tho usunl manner and
tho concroto Is poured In botweon
thorn and a temporary backing. Tho
material flows Into tho undercut cavi-
ties securoly bonding tho blocks to
tho concrcto wall. Each block Is form-
ed with air spaces which register
with similar spaces In tho courses
above and below so that continuous
vortical air passages aro formed
throughout tho wall. Tho concroto
wall is also poured to form air pass-
ages back of each joint In tho veneer-
ing so that moisture scoping through
tho Joint will bo arrested by tho air
space. Tho Invention can bo npplled
to faco brick terra cotta or cement
blocks nnd tho face of tho blocks can
bo molded to represent cut or rough
stone or any other desired pattern.
Tho system .may bo employed on tho
tallest reinforced concroto structure
eliminating (ho expenso of forming
front panels for tho faco of tho wall
while plain or ornamental designs can
bo molded at a cost only a trifle over
that of tho concrcto displaced by the
blocks.
BUILT ALL OF TIMBER.
The Great Trestle Bridge on Van-
couver Island British Columbia.
A masslvo wooden trutlo which
carries tho tiack of the Ksqulmalt
'7t.'i&r7i Ti
mm mm.
-r1 a T v''i " ' 'i'""' i
Wmmm
Trestle 195 Feet High.
nnd Nanalmo railway ovor tho Niag-
ara can von in Vancouver Island H.
C Is 585 foot long nnd the rails aro
195 feet abovo the water. Tho trostle
which contains about throe quarters
ot a million feet of timber says nail-
way nnd Locomotive Engineering
was built whon timber was cheaper
and stool bridges not so much In uso.
Tho wooden bridge and tho wooden
trostlo nro purely Amorlcnn products
although Invented by Leonardo U
Vinci lu Uio sixteenth century.
B IISlll
wwm
m
THE SEED OF CHEAT MEADOW
FESCUE AND BROME GRASS
How They May Ho Detected In Alfalfa Seed By F. D. Hcald
Nebraska Experiment Station.
Tho oxporlonco of tho farmors with
adulterated alfalfa seed during tho
past few years Is alono BUfTlclent to
warrant cxtromo care In tho examina-
tion of tho seed of our forngo crops
but during tho past year nnothor flag-
rant caso of seed adulteration nnd
substitution has como to light. A
largo numbor of specimens of seed
supposed to bo elthor meadow foscuo
or smooth bromo grass havo been
sent to tho Exporlmont Station for
examination. A very consldornblo
number of those snmplos proved to bo
cither cheat or chess nlono or con-
tained n largo per cent of cheat seed.
Tho extent to which this adulteration
nnd substitution has boon practiced
calls for a noto of warning to pros-
pective bU)ors.
That this Bced fraud Is causing a
considerable amount of loss to farm-
ers may bo Inferred from tho follow-
!w'H 4i 4
-
Fig. 1. Dorsal and Ventral V lews of Seed Much Enlarged.
Small diagrams represent natural bIzo. 1. Chess or cheat (Bromus sccallnus). 2.
Hungarian or smooth Drome-grass (Bromus Incrmls). 3. Meadow fescuo or Eng-
lish blue-grass (l'eatucu pratonsis).
Ing data taken from department cor-
respondence: Two farmers at Rising City shipped
CO 000 pounds of cheat scod to Kansas
City under the Impression that they
had raised meadow fescuo or English
bluo grass.
A farmer at Falrbury bought 10000
pounds of cheat under tho Impression
that ho wns buying meadow fescuo.
A farmer at Nelson bought 1600
pounds of Cheat scod under tho name
of English bluo grass.
Many roports aro on record In
which the amount of seed involved
Fig. 2. Spiketets of Grasses Much
1 Chess or client (Bromus sccallnus). 2.
(Bromus inermls). 3. Meadow fescuo or
was somowhat smaller. In somo of
theso cheat has been substltuttod for
our valuablo Ilromus Inormls.
In order that buyors may bo nblo
to rccognlzo tho thrco different grass
seods mentioned tho following non-
technical descriptions nro given:
1. Chess or Cheat. Tho toed of
chess or cheat (Ilromus sccallnus) (s
n dirty straw color vory thick and
rounded on tho back with a deop
groovo on tho opposlto sldo (Fig. 1.)
Tho seed ranges from '4 to 5-1G inches
In longth nnd Ib often provided with
a short awn which is genorally bent
backwards. Tho awn may bo entire-
ly broken off or In tho perfect seed
It may oqual tho body of tho seod in
length. Tho crass may also bo re-
cognized in tho Held by tho character-
istic appearanco of tho splklots.
(Fig. 2.)
2. Hungarian or Smooth Hromo
Grass. Tho seed of bromo grass is
darker In color than choat much
larger three-eighths to one-half Inch
In longth rather flattened and shows
thrco fairly prominent norvos on tho
upper sldo. Tho apex somotimes haB
tho remains of a vory short awn but
Is gonerally somewhat frayed out and
transparent. (Figs. 1 and 2 ) The
commercial article genorally contains
o viy vv
a considerable amount of chaff and
empty glumes.
3. Meadow Foscuo. Tho seed ot
meadow fescuo grass Is paler than
cheat seed and smaller about thrco-
sixteenths of nn Inch In length and
novor has an awn. (Fig. 2.) It Is
much moro pointed than cheat seed
flnttor nnd does not show such prom-
inent Incurved edges. (Fig. 1 ) Thla
Bpcclos may bo recognized in tho field
by tho slzo and form of tho splkolets.
(Hg. 2).
1. Chess or cheat Is an annual
grass that readily rescods Itself but it
Is to bo rogarded as n weed ratho"
than a vnluablo forago grass. Somo
claims havo been mndo that It pro-
duces valuable permanent pasturo
but no satisfactory ovldonco Is at
hand to confirm tho statemont. Hack
cd by this statement tho seed is be-
ing sold in certain parts undor tho
namo of meadow fescuo or English
bluo grass. It may also bo of Inter-
est to know what value Is attributed
to chess In two of our neighboring
states. In Hulloton 4G of tho Wyo-
ming station tho statement is mado
that chess on account of its vigorous
growth and ability to withstand ad-
verso conditions Is usod as a hay
grass in somo localities but Its repu-
tation as a weed is omphaslzed as well
as tho fact that It Is an annual. In
Iowa it Is classed as a "well-known
weedy annual grass" but with "somo
rodcomlng features as a forage plant."
Enlarged and Natural Size.
Hungiylnn or smooth bromo grass
English bluo-grass (Pcstuca pratcnsls).
Tho grass Is spoken of favorably for
tho southern Btates and is grown for
hny on tho Pacific coast in Oregon
and Washington.
8. Dromo grass has proved an es-
pecially valuable pasture grass for
tho groat plains roglon from Kansas
northward nnd Is dosorvlng of moro
oxtensivo cultivation. It is probably
tho best cultlvatetd grass for tho
drier sections of tho stato and It Is to
bo regretted that unrollnblo or ignor-
ant parties aro placing its worthless
relatlvo choss or cheat on tho mar-
ket under tho name of such a valua.
bio 8pecIos. Somo of tho failures of
bromo grass may bo explained by thla
practice.
3. Meadow fescuo or English blue
grass Is moro drought resistant than
timothy but loss so than bromo grass.
It has provod to bo a valuablo pasturo
grass especially In tho eastern half
of the state but It Is not suited to tho
more arid portions. Moro cheat seod
has been substituted for this valuablo
species than for the truo bromo grass.
Turkeys Need Fresh' Water. Young
turkeys should always havo a fresh
supply of wator from tho start and It
should bo given In such a way that
thoy can not get into It and get wet
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The Daily Democrat. (Anadarko, Okla.), Vol. 1, No. 132, Ed. 1, Monday, June 24, 1907, newspaper, June 24, 1907; Anadarko, Oklahoma. (https://gateway.okhistory.org/ark:/67531/metadc81524/m1/2/: accessed April 25, 2024), The Gateway to Oklahoma History, https://gateway.okhistory.org; crediting Oklahoma Historical Society.