The Chickasha Daily Express (Chickasha, Indian Terr.), Vol. 2, No. 76, Ed. 1 Thursday, March 28, 1901 Page: 3 of 8
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WHICH SHALL IT BE ?
Width (hall it be? which shall It bet
I looked at John John looked at ma
(Dear patient John who loves me yet
As will as when my links wen let)
slid
k :
"Tell me again what Robert aald!''
An J the
head.
Tl
! Jo.kd at J
riiougiit or
Of pcuerly a
Which 1 thot
worn
urne
1 thought of
Of em littl
And then of
1 loo
lo I.
Held
I ' I a
A c.'
S .! ' i
ilia i
way.
her atlr.
-not her.'
A I..
Ar I
urklly he said ;
"Not her
We stopped besidi
the trundle bed.
And one long ray
Athwart the boyls
In sleep so plUfu
1 aaw on Jamie a
peak.
j-ar ed him a we hurried by.
l'ale juiltnt Hobbles angel face
Mill in hie sleep bora Buffering's I
wNo for a thousand crowns not I
lie whimpered while our i-yes wer
1'oor Dick! bad Dick! our waywai
tho gava
ot dura
rayer."
To send him from her beds
Then Mole we softly up above.
And knell by Mary child of lov
il audibly
Im go.
urleous war.
child away;
ler seamed
rdrh we dreamed
t on face
ustomed place;
ill the seven.
rig the rest
t)o not use soap In washing bamboo
furniture. Instead clean wun com
salted water. rinse with cold wster
ind dr' s quickly as possible In the
open air.
n application of ashes and salt
inixeJ? to a stiff paste ts recommended
for the stoppage of cracks in stove
(rates. If put on at night it will be
firm in the morning.
It is poor economy to use red aah or
soft coal for cooking stoves or fur
naces as they burn out rapidly and
dink easily. Coke makea a cheap and
hot Ire. The objection Is that It Is
too trSt and will burn out a furnace In
a season or two.
A new method of treating the scalp
for falling hair consists of a pad of
absorbent material gummed into the
own of an imperforated bat and
ledlrated with some volatile liquid
tat will be vaporised by the warmth
f the head.
A simple way to color cske Icing
r andy. gren la to use the white
I an egg in which one or two green
iffee beans have been standing tor
ver.il hours or over night. After re-
moving the beans the egg is beaten
36 ami for Icing.
A very pleasant drink which has the
lect of a cordial. Is secured by Ha-
iring a up of tea with a small quan-
ty of shredded pineapple either fresh
r preserved and a slice of lemon
hese should be placed in the cup and
le hot tea poured over tbem.
One of the most difficult things to
stermlne is the purity of linen. Adul-
rat Ion is so cleverly accomplished
bw that an eipert Is often deceived
tire linen it should be remembered is
trd and slippery not soft. The moat
immon teat la to moisten the finger
if
e linen. If the mols-
nea through on the
considered satisfactory
Ity of the goods. In
plllary attraction acts
ely on the flax odor
be wholly eliminated
it The charge la often made with rea-
1 on that the majority of rooks ruin
potatoes In the cooking either through
'kanoranre or carelessness. Irish house
avjesst whose chief diet Is potatoes and
' ho may therefore be expected to
$ake the best of them plunge their
sound potatoes Into boiling salted
"ster. dropping them slowly one at
time in order not to check the boll-
''tg. Old or wilted potatoes are soaked
"J cold wr for ss hour or more be-
Ve they .r cooked. As soon as
tiled potatoes are done all water
Wild be drained away and the kettle
.seed where there is sufficient heat
I dry out all moisture. Home cooks
irow In s scant handful of salt to ab-
xfrb the moisture. When baked pots-
i.iers are aone mey siiuuiu or pricieu
ntb a fork to let the Imprisoned mols-
a . . . . . . . .
wsj escape mnerwiee tney are useiy
J become soggy
splintering of hardwood floors
kitchens Is frequently complained
kr housekeepers. The cause la at-
w.ed to scrubbing with soft soap
1 water or alkali. This treatment
1 ruin a floor of that sort. Inatead.
I should be rone over with s hair
the floor should be rubbed with
moistened in kerosene or crude
roleum. the letter s preferred. For
r esse sad convenience the
may be wrapped about the stab
Suggestions.
nil inn in
lire hi in r 1
lower. Many
of as old broom. Boiled oil may be
used with very satisfactory results.
Many housekeepers prefer to give
their hardwood floors a dreasing ot
shellac. Before this Is done the sur-
face should be cleaned with a damp
cloth rung out of hot water sufficient
time being allowed before the first ap-
plication of shellac for thorough dry-
ing. The shellac should be laid In a
thin oven coat and the places where
the wear is most severe should receive
two coats.
Building I'p a Dairy Hard.
(Condensed from Farmers' Uevlew
Stenographic Report of Illinois State
Dairymen's convention.)
W. J. Frasler spoke on building up a
dairy herd and used as an illustra-
tion a small herd that had been built
up at the university. We as dairy-
men do not properly recognize the
great difference lu cows and the
difference In cows is the most im-
portant thing to recognize in the build-
ing up of such a herd. We tested
three of our cows for a period of 31
weeks. One of the cows Rose gsve
us in that time 364 pounds of butter-
fat; another Nora gave us 206
pounds; and s third Maud gave 179
pounds. The first two ate the same
amount of feed. Of milk Rose gsve
7882 pounds Nora 3518 pounds and
Maud 4187 pounds.
H. B. Gurler. I think that many
patrons make a mistake In paying all
of their attention to the test for but-ter-fst.
We can only find out the
value of a cow by taking into consid-
eration the vslue of both the milk and
the butter-fat
Mr. Frssler. Certainly we must
look after both kinds of product.
H. B. Gurler. We should know our
individual cows.
(J What was the ration those cows
had when they were doing the work
you have reported?
Mr. Fralser. They were fed clover
hay silage corn meal oil meal and
gluten meal. But what I wanted to
bring out is the difference between
the cows and not what they did on a
certain ration. They were all fed
alike.
Mr. Frasler went on to say that it
Is not possible to tell what a cow is
by her appearance. One that was
brought to the college was to all ap-
pearancea almost worthless but
proved to be s fair milker. In build-
ing up s herd of cows they should be
tested st lesst once s week using a
composite test. After s herd is se-
lected breeding up should begin. Do
not sell the cows to the butcher as
soon as they go dry-
Then comes the selection of s sirs.
Uss only s good bull; do not buy s
poor one becsuse he la cheap; the cows
should be bred to full-blood sires. In
the dairy herd the bull counts tor even
more thsn he does In the beef herd.
You have heard it said that tbs
bull Is half the herd; be Is more than
that when bred on grade cows ss In
him long generations of breeding In
line have fixed the characteristics we
want to perpetuate.
Then do not breed too young. I think
that s mistake Is often made In thla.
There baa been a great tendency to
get the cows to milking esrly and this
has led to early breeding. The same
advice la good as to bulls do not
breed them too young. A cow should
not drop her calf till ahe Is thirty
months of age
q Whst Is s fair yield for a dairy
of 100 cows In pounds ot milk
A. Thst depends on the kind of
cows yon are keeping also on whst
you are doing with the milk. Now If
you are keeping dairy cows and sell
S per cent milk It is quite different
than If you are milking Holsteln cows
that give I per cent milk. We cer-
tainly should hsve s standard in each
dairy and cull out all below that
standard. If a cow does not pay her
board she is worth more dead than
alive.
Q. What breed do you recommend?
A. I do not care to go Into the
breed question; s man ahould take the
breed he likes the best
Q. With the average farmer is a
herd of milking Shorthorns more
profitable than a herd of dairy type?
A. If s man is In the dairy busi-
ness be has no business with any-
thing but dslry cattle but If s man
wants to raise steers principally with
dairying ss s side Issue. I do not know
but thst s herd of milking shorthorns
Is the best; In Englsnd the milk Is
largely supplied by dalrf Shorthorns.
Q. Are not the dairy Shorthorns of
Rnglsnd better cows than those gfl
hsve?
A. Decidedly they are far better.
In the Agricultural College in Sweden
they bsd over 30 Shorthorn cows that
made annually In excess of 260 pounds
of butter each Thst U s good record.
q How do those cows compare
with ours as to beef
A. Well the pure-bred Shorthorns
sre as good here as there but the
common run ot Shorthorns there are
better thsn here becsuse most ot ours
are scrubs
Q But do they deteriorate In beef
quality when they are bred for milk-
ing qusllty
A. They certainly do; for yon can't
fsi a high type of beef snd of milk
la the same animal.
Mr. Stewart As to the English
Shorthorns I hsve noticed that the
milkers sre not the beef makers; from
cslfhood they develop in one way or
the other. You can feed for one or
the other not for both. I found in
Ayrshire this year that they were sell-
ing dslry cows foi beef for 11(0 sack
on account of the high price of beef.
Mr. Frasler I do not believe in tbs
ides that It Is necessary to keep a calf
pour all her life to mske a dairy cow
out of her. I think that too little
feed la mors likely to he tbs esse than
too much.
The American baggage checking sys-
tem ts coming iato ass in England.
Items of Inttrest.
Marriage a Success. A Pennsyl-
vania farmer and his wife Mr. and
Mrs. Daniel Wigle who live near
Oreensburg claim a longer wedded
life than any other couple in the Unit-
ed States. They were born the same
year 1807 and have always lived in
the neighborhood in which they now
reside. They were married seventy-
three years ago and for the same
length ol time have been members
of the same church. They have five
children living twenty grandchildren
thirty-six great-grandchildren and one
great-great-grandchild.
s Sun Motor. The first practical
sun motor has been set up at Pasa-
dena Cal. A series of mirrors are set
in a framework teBembllng thst of
an Inverted umbrella on a large scale
by means of which the sun's rays are
concentrated on a cylindrical boiler.
Sufficient heat la generated in this
manner to produce the steam to oper-
ate a ten-horse power engine used to
pump water from a well tor irrigating
purposes. This motor It is believed
will be of great value on desert tracts
In the southwest where sunshine la
abundant and fuel difficult or impos-
sible to obtain.
Some of the Uses of Liquid Air-
Meat that have been dipped In liquid
air can be reduced to a roseate pow-
der that is easy to masticate and as-
similate. It Is believed that meat thus
trested will be of greet value in die-
tetics tor invalids. Liquefied air also
Increasea the ductility of metals es-
pecially steel which can be drawn out
to the thickness ot a hair. Its em-
ployment as a motive power Is dan-
gerous because of Its explosive qual-
ities. Mirrors According to Indiana pa-
pers the appropriation that will bs
made for the Slate Industrial school
for girla will contain an item of 160
for small mirrors for the girls. Here-
tofore the use of mirrors sppears to
have been prohibited as tending to
encourage vanity among the Inmates
and the possession of a mirror was a
misdemeanor. The legislative com-
mittee of inveatigation takes the
ground that pride in personal appear-
ance is an evidence of ambition and
self respect which should be encour-
aged and the girls are therefore to
have mirrors hereafter.
s
The Lima Bean Industry. The lima
bean Is not a native of the United
States but waa brought from Peru in
1867. It readily adapted itself to Cal-
ifornia and has proved an exceedingly
profitable crop there particularly In
the southern counties where the aver-
age yield Is 22000000 pounds which
is sbout three-fourths the total prod-
uction of the world. Prior to 1867 the
only beans grown on the Pacific coast
were the small white navy bean and
the Mexican frejole. The large s'ze
and richness ot the lima have made it
universally popular. Originally Ilka
moat besns It was a vine that re-
quired the support of a pole but by
cultivation It has been reduced to a
buah bean. The crop la harvested
with s been rutting machine which
cuts three rows st s time. The vines
sre then run through s separator
which shells snd sepsrstes the beans
from the refuse. Bean harveaters who
own the necessary machinery go from
plantation to plantation after the man-
ner ot wheat threshers ss few growers
do their own harvesting.
Kansas Notas on I'laass.
The conclusion drawn by the Kan-
sas Experiment Station from their ob-
servations on the Japanese plum la
that they rank with the peach in
hardiness. They head the list for table
and market qualities. Their hsbit of
early blooming makes the crop uncer-
tain. Burbank Is perhaps hardier
than Abundance and they are nearly
equal In quality. Ogon ts hardier than
either but not nearly so good In qual-
ity ot fruit. Of European plums Com
munis Early Red and one called 19
Orel are at the head ot the class but
all European varieties have been un-
certain bearers. The fruit is of good
quality for use fresh and for canning.
The most promising varieties for
general planting are those which have
been developed from our wild fruits.
All varieties ot the species Americans
hsve proved hsrdy. While they retain
In varying degree the astringency ot
the wild plum most ot the varieties
produce desirable fruit for csnnlng
msrmslsde. snd Jelly. Quaker Wolf
Wesrer. and Wyant have the best rec-
ord for reguler bearing and general
good qualities. The varieties of the
species angustifolls. commonly called
Cblckaaaw plums have been some-
what Injured by extreme cold. Robin-
son has proved most nearly hsrdy and
a regular nd heavy bearer producing
fruit of good quality.
Most of the class known ss hortu-
Isns hsve proved fairly hardy. Gold-
en Besuty snd Moreman have been the
hesvlsst snd most regular bearers.
Moreman is a rather small red plum
red flesh small pit snd especially fine
for Jelly. Oolden Beauty la a medium-
sited yellow plum of fine flavor when
fully ripe and a favorite for marma-
lade. Wayland. Wild Goose and Clin-
ton are larger plums ot good quality
snd fairly regular In bearing. Eight-
een or twenty feet Is recommended as
s good distance for p anting. Clean
culture is an Important factor In light-
ing curculio and fungi. Mixed plant-
ing increases the chances for pollina-
tionA. Dickens. Kansas Agricultur-
al College.
The biggest mstch factory in the
word ts tbs Vulcan match factory at
Tldahalm Sweden. It employs over
1.200 nee and manufactures daily SV0.-
000 boxes of matches.
FARM AND GARDEN.
MATTERS OF INTEREST TO
AGRICULTURISTS.
ana (Tp-to-Data Hints About uUI-
Ihm of lha Soil cud Yields Thereof
Horticulture. iUeuitura and Flortcul-
tare. Tteaiuient for t'eliry Bllgbt.
Chsrles 0. Townsend state patholo-
gist of Maryland says:
The great hindrance to the success-
ful production of celery In this state
is the disease kuown as Rust or Blight.
This disease Is produced by a fungus
that attacks the leaves and stems caus
ing them to assume a yellowish color
with brown spots scattered over them
that Increase In size until the affected
leaves and ateras die. If the conditions
are favorable for the development ot
the fungus the leaves will become af-
fected so rapidly and to such an ex-
tent that the life ot the plant will be
destroyed. It the conditions for the
development of the fungus are less fav-
orable only the outer leaves will die
while the newer leaves will be but par-
tially destroyed. The result will be a
smsll plant of Interior quality. During
the past two years the rust has been
so destructive in this state that a num-
ber of growers have abandoned the
raising of tUla otherwise satisfactory
crop. There Is no fixed time for the
appearance of celery rust but It is us-
ually to be seen after a drought of
longer or shorter duration followed
by warm damp weather. It must be
remembered that these weather condi-
tions aloue will not produce rust but
that the fungus spores must be pres-
ent before the rust can make Its ap-
pearance. In combating the disease therefore
it Is necessary either to produce those
conditlona uuder which the spores can-
not germinate or to spray gome fungi-
cide upon the planta thai will destroy
the spores or at least prevent them
from germinating. In order to deter-
mine which method of procedure
would be beat and tor the purpose of
finding a satisfactory remedy for the
celery rust a number of experiments
were undertaken on the college
grounds. From a part of one of the
celery beds four plats of about equal
alse were laid off and treated as fol-
lows: No. 1 was shaded No. 2 was
sprsyed with ammonlacal carbonate
of copper No. Z was sprayed with Bor-
deaux mixture while No. 4 was left un-
treated for comparison. In shading
No. 1 a framework 18 Inches high
was built over the plat and over this
framework was spread a single thick-
ness of muslin which was left In place
during the hot season of July and Au-
gust snd was removed only to work
the plants.
The smmoniacal carbonate of cop-
per used In No. 2 was made by placing
one ounce of copper carbonate In Just
enough ammonia water to dissolvs It
snd then diluting to nine gsllons with
ordinary well water. The amount of
ammonia wtter required per ounce of
copper carbonate waa about one half
pint which was diluted to two quarts
before the copper carbonate was plsced
In It. In plst No. 3 the Bordeaux mix-
ture used was the ordinary etrength
and prepared from stock solutions.
These solutions were spplled with the
sld of s knapssck sprayer.
The treatment of the celery waa not
begun until the rust had made its ap-
pearance hence the leaves thst had
been attacked died in spite of the
treatment as was expected showing
that the measures used must be pre-
ventive and not curative and should
therefore be begun before the plants
sre attacked. Some of the leaves that
were not diseased before shading be-
came affected ' after the shading was
done but the plsnts were In much
better condition than those in plst 4
which received no treatment. The am-
monlacal carbonate ot copper and the
Bordeaux mixture both kept the
healthy leaves free from the attacks
of fungus but the plsnts sprayed with
the smmoniacal carbonate seemed to
make a better growth than those
sprayed with Bordeaux mixture.
Whether the growth was retarded by
the Bordeaux mixture or hastened by
the Ammonia solution it wss Impos-
sible to determine. All the plsnts
sprsyed lived while of those not trest-
ed sbout one bslf died snd the remain -tng
half were smaller than the treated
plants owing to the constant attack
of the fungus snd the consequent loss
of lesves. The conclusion Is therefore
that the rust may be satisfactorily
controlled by spraying that ammo-
nlacal carbonate promises better re-
sults than Bordeaux mixture and that
shsdtng. as used in these tests is only
partially successful In preventing cel-
ery rust.
rorsats Will Be Baser).
By trading nearly a million acres of
government lead in Alisons with the
Ssnts Fe Railroad Company snd other
owners Secretary Hitchcock has been
able to add to the forest reserve 1950.-
720 acres of magnificent timber in the
San Francisco mountains. This Is es-
pecially important because the sources
of the Verde snd Salt rivers snd sev-
eral other streams which furnish water
for the Irrigation of a Urge area are
found In these mountains snd if the
timber were cut awsy the supply
would soon be so much reduced ss to
msks agriculture Impossible. Tbls
forest contains one of the finest bodies
of timber in the world snd hss been
the grating ground of millions of
sheep and cattle which the experts
say have Injured the Irrigation supply
by tramping down the ground and
preventing the water from soaking
la to the soil so that when there was
say rainfall it went off into a flood
instead of gradually. The Santa Fe
Railway Company under Its lsnd
grant owned every alternate section
and the government every alternate
section so tbst It was Impossible to
consolidate the interest and reserve
the forest without the co-operation of
the railway officials which has been
liberal snd pstrlotic. They have ac-
cepter? a similar area in other parts of
the territory. When this reservation
is completed Arizona will hare perma-
nent parks of 6000000 acres in the
Prescott Black Mesa. Grand Canyon
and San Francisco reserves only sur-
passed in extent by those In California
and Washington.
VaruioDt ru.ni.
Some interesting statistics of Ver-
mont plants are sent us from the Ver-
mont experiment station. These fig-
ures are taken in part from the new
Flora ot the state published by the
Vermont Botanical Club. According
to this publication there are now 1563
species of ferns and flowering plants
known to occur uncultivated in Ver-
mont. Ot these 79 species are trees
including 11 species of oak 7 kinds
of maple 6 poplars 4 pines snd 4
birches. These sre mostly useful; but
there sre 80 species of weeds some
of which are pernicious snd promis-
ing trouble. Out of the present cen-
sus of 1563 species 270 have moved
into the state since the country was
settled. Many of them have come
mixed with agricultural seeds or have
been introduced directly or indirectly
by artificial means. A large propor-
tion of these new-comers are like our
American population Importations
from Europe; and only a minority of
60 or less have come to Vermont from
other states or from Canada. It is in-
teresting to notice how the number of
known species has increased in recent
years. When the first list of Vermont
plants was published by Oskes in 1842
there were 923 species known. Tor-
rey's list of 1853 gave 1034; and Per-
kins' list ot 1888 gave 1.360. In each
case some plants were included by mis-
take so the Increase since 1888 Is more
than the difference between 1.563 and
1.360. Most of the additions are ot
species which have doubtless been here
all the while but have only recently
been discovered.
Sugar in England nod Fraaee.
A French economist writing on the
use of sugar in France and England
says that England the only country
that excludes the maufacture of beet
sugar consumes more sugar thau any
other nation and buys it at the loweat
price. A pound of sugar in England
is cheaper than a pound ofbread and
the Englishman pays no more to con-
sume fifty-five pounds of sugar per
year than the Frenchman pays for
thirty-two and one-half pounds. The
per capita consumption In France
since 1870 was tblrty-three pounds
while in England It was over eighty
pounds. It Is proper to state that one
reason why the French people con-
sume so Utile sugar is becauae their
way ot living requires less ot tbst ar-
ticle. For the great part of the French
people breakfast consists of a bowl of
soup which Is also frequently a part
of the two other meals. Their drink
Is wine and as they use but little tea
or coffee especially in the country
there it scarcely sny demand tor
sugsr. They make neither preserves
nor cake In the family. The usual
dessert ts fruit snd cheese. The high
tax ot five cents a pound on sugar is
paid by the well-to-do people who live
In the cities and who take coffee or
chocolate for breakfast and a small
cup of black coffee after dinner.
One of the moat powerful obstacles
In the matter of land settlement In
some parts of Australia is the prickly
pear. It haa grown to be a fearful
peat. It has taken possession of whole
tracts ot country snd the settler has
to fight a pitched battle for every acre
be calls hit own. A single fruit brings
forth thirty sixty and even several
hundredfold of good productive seed.
All herbage may droop die and disap-
pear in the oven of an Austrlian
drouth but the pear survives flour-
ishes and carries on Its progress of ex-
pansion snd reproduction with uncon-
Soiling and Pasture. If the pasture
is not rich enough to enable the cows
to till themselves in an hour or two's
grazing morning and evening a good
soiling crop should be provided. The
tendency of modern dairying is to-
wards less reliance on grating and
more on soiling as more convenient
economical snd profitable.
Impersonating Marshal
Marshal Gourko the famous Rus-
sian general was a terrible autocrat.
! On one occasion an impersonator of
I celebrated men was performing at a
theater in Odessa. One evening he
received a mysterious message which
read. "Study Gen. Gourko." In Russia
It la better not to Inquire into matters
that one does not understand and so
the artiste spent an hour In privately
impersonating the autocratic Russian.
Just as the evening performance was
about to commence an order of arrest
signed by Gourko wss presented to ths
impersonator snd without explanation
he was led through the streets to the
msishsl's palace and into an apart-
ment where the terrible man was seat-
ed. "They tell me that you imperson-
ate celebrated men" he roared. "Im-
personate me." Giving a hasty look st
Gourko. the performer turned to the
mirror to "make up." It was sn anx-
ious time for if the marshal should
take exception to the representation
he had unlimited power to Inflict pun-
ishment. The Impersonator dragged
himself together and turned to the
marshal a copy of his own face and
overbearing manner. Gourko burst
into s rosr of laughter and the danger-
ous moment waa over.
In the modern rlx-masted sailing
vessels the first three masts sre called
by the old names fore main sad Mit-
ten and the fourth fifth aad sixth the
spanker mast the Jigger mast aad tbs
driver mart.
Horticultural Observation.
How one should grow vegetables
must depend very much on whether
the growing is to be for market or
for home. If the products are to ba
used In the home the grower must
look out chiefly for high quality and
a supply available a little at a time.
Thus there are certain varieties of
strawberries of high qusllty and the
very best that can be produced for tho
home that will not stand transport to
distant markets. For these markets
a poorer but firmer berry must be
grown. Then too In the case of any
kind of product to be shipped sway
considerable quantities must be made
available at one time and usually
mixed lots are not desired.
a a
Only dreamers make money easily
out of vegetable or fruit growing and
they always figure a full supply to be
sold on an empty market. Outalde of
dreams the business ts as prosy as
any other and gives only fair reward
for toll and care. The business has
Its pleasant features and thus many
rush Into it. This makes competition
shsrp. snd the profits sre by the same
cause reduced to a common level with
the profits obtainable in other kinds
of business. Nevertheless the man
adapted to this work can find In it
much pleasure and a living. When he
haa become master of It he may some
year pick up a fortune being favored
by a combination of circumstances
a
The man that is planning the con-
struction of a cold-frame or hot-bed
must consider a number of principal
points. The hast that is to be sup-
piled must be sufficient for all uses
snd must be uniform in quantity. The
protection from cold must be ample.
There must be provision for ventila-
tion and for watering. The frames
must be ro placed that room will re-
main for the development of the tallest
plsnts of the kinds that are to be
grown yet sll must be as near to
the glass as circumstances will per-
mit. The frames should if possible
be on s southern slope and it it slant
a little to the southeast so much the
better. When frames are to be used
merely to supply vegetsbles to the
family they may be placed on the
south side of some building. Either
embankments or some windbreak
should be brought Into use to
turn the currents of cold air before
they strike the frames. Cold winds
eliminate much of the heat so neces-
sary to the development of the plants.
Traa Plaatinx on tils Western Plains.
The division of forestry through Its
section of tree planting hat succeeded
In arousing widespread interest in the
subject of tree growing on the plains
of the upper Mississippi Valley. An
agent of the division has recently re-
turned from that region and report
that the termers in the territory west
of the Mississippi and north of the
40th parallel of latitude are awaking
to the Importance of planting trees
especially for economic purposes. The
planters of this section are anxious to
avoid the mistakes made during the
operation of the timber claim act The
groves now being planned are de-
signed to be permanent features on
the homesteads.
To that end the farmers will use a
greater proportion of long-lived slow-
growing species than formerly. The
demand for such hardy drouth-reslst-lng
species ss the back berry green
ash white elm bur oak red elm red
cedar and western yellow pine tbtill
pine) promises to be grestly increased
during the next few years. The
greatest present difficulty with which
the prospective tree planter has to
contend Is the fact that commercial
growers of nursery stock are not sup-
plied with this kind of msteria). The
nurseries still carry large quantities
of the short-lived kinds tuch ss box-
elder cottonwood maple snd willow
but sre short on the more valuable
species.
The planMng of conifers on the
prairies of the west during the past
has not been attended with general
success. This is owing to the use of
esstern and Introduced kinds that sre
not sdapted to the country. There Is
abundant evidence however that ths
red cedar and western yellow pine
(bull pine) will thrive throughout this
section. The desirability of ever-
greens for wind-breaks on a bleak
prairie ahould lead owners to turn
their attention to these hardy native
species.
Oar Ae r run urai r.iporla.
The report of the secretary of sgn-
culture shows thst our total ssles of
domestic farm products to foreign
countries during the four fiscal years
1897-1900 aggregated the enormous
sum of $3186000000 or close to 100.-
000000 In excess of the export valne
for the preceddlng four-year period. In
I other worda we received on an aver-
age during 1897-1900 for products of
domestic agriculture marketed abroad
! nearly $200000000 a year above the
annual amount paid us for such prod
ucts during 1893-1 89s The sgricwl-
tursl exports ot ths United Ststes for
the fiscal year ended June SO 1900
amounted In vslue to $$44000000 ex-
ceeding all other records except the
phenomenal one of 1898 when s valu-
ation ot $859000000 was attained. Dur-
ing the past four years 1897-1900 the
farm produce exported had an average
annual value of $797000000. as com-
pared with only $598000000 for the
prior tour-year period.
The great Importance ot bacteria in
the dairy Industry is at present ad-
mitted by all that have given the sub-
ject sny thought Woll
Tbs real character of s maa is
found out by bit amusements Sir
Joshua Reynolds.
The most unhappy of all men is he
who believes himself to be so -Henry
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Dawson, A. M. The Chickasha Daily Express (Chickasha, Indian Terr.), Vol. 2, No. 76, Ed. 1 Thursday, March 28, 1901, newspaper, March 28, 1901; Chickasha, Indian Terr.. (https://gateway.okhistory.org/ark:/67531/metadc730385/m1/3/: accessed April 19, 2024), The Gateway to Oklahoma History, https://gateway.okhistory.org; crediting Oklahoma Historical Society.