The Indian Chieftain. (Vinita, Indian Terr.), Vol. 17, No. 8, Ed. 1, Thursday, October 20, 1898 Page: 1 of 4
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Ur. E. BUrr
Fit 10 19
CHIEFTAIN.
INDIAN
THE
m&zps
s.
. CHIEFTAIN PUBLISHING CO.
VINITA INDIAN TERRITORY THURSDAY OCTOBER 20 1S98.
VOL. XVII. NO. 8
TH E TOWN LOTS.
"TOO-QUA-STEE" TACKLES A
F1CDI.T TASK.
DIF-
Holds tlie Lot Holders ore
tlio use of and not the
tironnd they Occupy.
Eutltled to
Fee of tho
Educate Your Sons and
Daughters
Recent changes in territorial affairs makes this
an important duty for every parent. Where to
educate is a question that must be answered.
Why send to the states when
Worcester Academy
nffci-s such excellent advantages. The best of
teachers from Kansas Pennsylvania Illinois
and Missouri have been emploved to instruct in
follnwino- courses: Elocution. Music. Commer
cial Literary and Cassical Academic.
Write for Terms to p"f"-;pnl
W. A. CALDWELL Vinita Ind. Ter.
ttiiiiimtn ni""""""""""
3 ....CONSIGN YOUR STOCK TO....
Greer Mills & Co.
hUhIgh Stock Yards
3 Chicago. IU.
Kansas City Stock Yds.
Kansas City. Mo.
National Stock Yards V-
St. Louis no.
jriONEY FURNISHED TO RELIABLE PARTIES j:
3 John Franklin Agent Vinita I. T.
TtTTTTIIlIlTTIIIIUlUniUlll TTTTT1
ycd
LAJRGOEST STOCK!
BEST GBADES
LOTvTEST PRICES.
P. G. Browning....
Lumber
Dealer
Lumber
Sasu
Doors
Mouldings
Cement
Paints
Brushes
Lath
Shingles
Blinds
Plaster Oils
Vinita I.T.
Buy your
Lumber at
Browning's
Yard.
EVERYTHING AS
REPRESENTED
t.i
Brick Sand Etc
We Know the "Wheat Crop
Was Disappointing
and vou haven't as much monev as vou ought
tn hut vnu will be sumrised at the amount of
rood eoods vou can buv from us with a little
money. The reason is because we buy
for cash and sell for cash on close margins
which makes
Money For Ton
We Handle Dry Goods Shoes Hats Notions
and Groceries; Hardware Furniture Vehicles
Farm Imolements Paints and Oik Stoves and
Tinware. Give us a trial and be convinced that
cash counts. Yours for cash business.
D. S. Oumming Adair I. T.
I also carry a full line of Coffins Caskets
and Trimmings.
Editor Chieftain: In this ar-
ticle I resume and continue my re-
marks in reference to town sites;
in my last article upon this sub-
ject I endeavored to set forth in
as moderate terms as the truth
would allow pome of the hard-
ships which the Curtis Jaw if en
forced would be likely to visit
upon the poorer class oi Indian lot
owners; in this it will be my aim
to point out a better way for dis
posing of these town lots than the
one adopted by the Curtis law
and at the same time to convict
that law of an unreasonableness so
gross as to be unaccountable ex-
cept on the theory of an inten
tional wrong.
The root-idea out of which my
argument is expected to grow is
this: the land in question known
as the Cherokee domain is pri-
vate property and not public
property; by this I mean to say
that it does not belong to a body
politic but to a number of indi-
viduals known as the Cfterokees;
and as such it is no more subject
to legislation than is the white
man's farm situate in the state of
Arkansas or Kansas. The Chero-
kees bought this land from the
government ol the United States;
they paid valuable consideration
for it and received a patent: It
is therefore very obvious that the
government has parled with its
rightful control of this land ex-
cept strictly for political purpo-
ses; and that congress has no con-
stitutional power to interfere with
theBe Indians in any legitimate
enjoyment of it; congress has no
more right to set apart a portion
of these Indians' lands for the pur-
pose of building towns than it has
to go to my farm and set apart my
horse my cow. or my pigs for a
lik"epurpose; no more riglit to al-
lot these lands among the common
owners than it has to allot the
interior of their home-houses
giving the wife her exclusive
apartments the husband his and
the children theirs; no more right
to dictate to these Indians as to
how they shall use and enjoy their
"coal asphalt and other miner-
als" than to prescribe the cut of
their clothes or the nature of the
food that they are to feed upon.
These conclusions and many
others of a like nature flow log-
ically from the assumption that
these lands are not public prop-
erty but the private property of
the Cherokee people; an as-
sumption which if correct in fact
would of course place this landed
estate of the Cherokees wholly be-
yond the reach of political con-
triving and legislative jobbing;
hence with that class of our states-
men who are very "progressive"
W.B.RAINES
LIVERY
STABLE.
Gunter's Old 5ind.
Br&od New Turoouts--Busg'es Horses and Tearns.
Transient 5tocK Cared for Promptly and Properly
BUS AND CAB LINE IN CONNECTION.
OLIVER BABBr Pre.
Capital $100000.
. 0. HAIL. Vice Prts.
W. P. PHILLIPS Cashier.
Surplus $18000.
First National Bank
Vir?ifo Ind. ier.
DIRECTORS:
Oliver Bagby
B. F. Fortner
E. B. Frayser
E. N. Ratcllff
M. E. Milford
W. H. Kornegay
W. A. Graham
J. O.Hall
W. E. Halscll
W. Clark.
Docs a 5afe General Eaohing
Business.
Was the first National Bank
Chartered in the Cherokee
Nation and is the Gibral-
tar airjong the Banks of
'the Indian Territory.
and"full up abreast of the times"
and are specially interested in
helping on the great cause of civil
ization in the world it is by no
means at all in favor; it is asserted
and sincerely maintained only by
that class of our people (mostly
the fullbloods) who though pro-
gressive do not like to go so fast
as to leave behind out of sight
everything like justice honor and
truth as worn out luggage unfit for
transnortation.
Viewing the subject lrom quite
a different standpoint the supreme
court ol the United States have re
cently fallen incidentally into the
same progressive idea in reference
to this Cherokee real estate. In
the late Delaware case tbey ad-
mit that the Cherokee title under
the patent was originally private
and not public; that the matter
was so understood by the con-
tracting parties; both by the In-
dians and .the government itself;
but that when the Cherokees or
ganized themselves into a constitu
tional body politic the transac-
tion had the effect to transfer the
title from the people to the gov-
ernment imparting to the prop
erty a public instead of a private
nature; a ruling than which noth-
ing could bo more devoid of sound
reasou. Anyhow in this way it
was that the Indian title was made
to be a mere political question
subject to the legislation of both
congress and the national council;
hence the Curtis law was begotten
bred and born crying allotment
compulsory.
There can be no question how-
ever but that an allotment of these
Cherokee lands among the com
mon owners might with tho con
sent of the Cherokees be a very
reasonable feasibility; and in that
caEe there would be nothing to bo
considered but the method of dis-
tribution. For this purpose I
know of no plan more just and
worthy of practical application
than one usually followed by
courts of jurisdiction in the dis-
tribution of estates among the
common heirs of descendants; that
is to say a plan of distribution in
which the several members of the
family or community are made
to share and share alike and all
attempts on the part of an over-
ruling low at self-aggrandizement
are not only rewarded with defeat
but branded with contein jit.
The Curtis bill provides that the
owner of an improved lot shall be
allowed to purchase and have the
same at half its real grab. This
arrangement is unjust and con-
demnable for two good reasons at
least: first because it is an unfair
grab out of the common estate
before the aisiriuuiion laKes piace;
second because men whom the
law proposes to make favorites of
have done nothing in their lives to
merit such an advantage of the
Cheiokee community to which they
belong.
Let us look here lor a moment
after the ground of this peculiar
consideration which Mr. Curtis
and his associates in congress have
seen fit to bestow upon these lucky
lot owners. What in fact have
they ever done 10 merit so much
more kindness in the distribution
of our common estate than the
rest of us poor devils? When the
Cherokee government gave these
men the opportunity to take the
use of these lots they simply hap-
pened to be a little swifter in the
race than the rest of us; they got
ahead ot U3 and jumped this prop-
erty. But there is nothing very
highly meritorious in all that.
They monopolized those lots; they
have had all they bought the use
of them for a scoreor two years
and grown rich off ot them by rent-
ing them to tho rest of their fellow-
heirs of the estate; but there is
nothing very morally meritorious
in all that; nohting certainly to lay
the rest of us poor people under
any additional obligation to them
But Mr. Curtis and his friends
in congress have looked at this
thing somewhat differently. Their
view ifc this: because they say a
man has had the use of a ten
thousand dollar lot of this com-
mon property for-twenty years he
is entitled to take it now in fee
simple at five thousand; that is to
say he is now entitled to a pres-
ent of five thousand dollars worth
of the common estate before the
rest of the people are to be thought
ol. For my part I can not see
the justice of such a deal. It is to
be accounted for perhaps on this
peculiar principle: when these fel-
lows in congress grant a right of
way to a railroad company in the
states it is to be one hundred feet
wide always; but as soon as it
reaches to the Indian lands they
widen it out two hundred feet. The
race of mankind to which the own-
er of the land to be granted belongs
makes a difference you see. It is
an eaBy thing for congress to be lib-
eral with the property of the poor
unenfranchised Indian.
The Curtis law now gives this
thrifty town lot monopolist a sum
of five thousand dollars out of the
common estate as a mere unmeri-
ted compliment to his shrewdness
in speculating off of his co-heirs.
Now say tho allotment takes
place. The moneyed value of
these allotments may possibly
nav likely be not more than two
thousand and five hundred dol-
lars and this five thousand dol
lars which the Curtis law gives
this fortunate town lot owner is
equivalent to two allotments. But
in addition to this five thousand
dollar bounty the Curtis law al-
lows this fellow to Ebare equally
with the other people in the gen-
eral allotment thus giving this
pampered town lot speculator
three allotments to the poor full-
blood's one.
Now when we consider the fact
that these fullbloods are the real
owners of this property and that
tho parties whom this Curtis law
is feeding so bountifully out of the
common crib are measuraoiy
strangers owing all they have and
enjoy in the country to tho hos-
pitality (if not to wrong upon
them) of these original proprietors
of the soil there is something in
one's moral nature that powerfully
revolts at this town site scheme of
Mr. Curtis' as something not only
grossly wrong but a disgrace to
civilization in general and to that
of Kansas especially.
1 know there are many strong
arguments to be urged in favor of
allotment; and 1 hero have no
special war to wage against it; but
it it must come let it bo done in
decency. If these men want to
retain the lots which they occupy
let them take them as allotments;
there is nothing unfair in this. In
case the cash value of an allotment
is 2500 let the man who occupies
a ten thousand dollar lot take it as
his allotment at 82500 and pay
into the national treasury 87500;
this will give the fellow a piece of
soil equal in value to that which
the rest of tho people get together
with tho extra privilege of buying
out of the common stock before
distribution a piece worth $7500.
This lattor privilege will bo con-
ceded to him not because of any
great desert on his part but be-
cause of one ol those inevitable
necessities that courts of justice
sometimes meet with in the dis-
tributions of estates. Again the
land for allotment is alroady small
enough in quantity; and this plan
will have the additional virtue of
economizing in strict accordance
with the principles of fair dealing
one extra allotment for the people
at large. Too-qua-stee.
A Pathetic Statement.
Old Geronimo.the Apache chief
now in Omaha attending the con-
gress of red men at the exposition
has unbosomed himself upon net
Indian uprising in Minnesota:
"I have never been in Minneso-
ta but I hear that up there and
for hundreds of miles beyond the
white men are as many as the
blades of grass. If that is so
what can a tew poor Indians do in
a fight? They are making a great
mistake and are fools. For years
1 fought the white men thinking
that with my few braves I could
kill them all and that we would
again have the land that our Great
Father gave us and covered with
game. I thought that after we
had killed the white men the
buffalo deer and antelope would
come back. After I fought and
lost and after I traveled over the
country in which the white man
lives and saw his cities and the
work that he had done my heart
was ready to burst. I knew that
the race of the Indian was run."
Asked what he thought would
eventually become of the Indian
Geronimo hesitated a moment and
plied: "The sun rises and shines
lor a time and then it goes down
sinking out of sight and is lost.
So it will be with the Indians.
"When I was a boy my old
father told me that the Indians
were as many as the leaves on the
trees and that way off in the
North they had many horses and
furs. 1 never saw them but I
know tnat if they were there then
they have gone now and the white
man has taken all they bad. It
will bejonly a few years more un-
til the Indians will be heard of no
more except in the books that the
white man has written. .Ceqj.j ae
not the people that the Great
Father loves for if they were He
would protect them. They have
tried to please Him but they do
not know how.
"Schools are good things for
Indians but it takes many years
to change the nature of the Indian.
If an Indian boy goes to school
and learns to be like a white boy
he comes back to the agency and
there is nothing for him to do but
put on a blanket and be like an
Indian jigain. This is where the
g04-eriuriervt is to blame. When it
takes our children away and edu-
cates them it should give them
something to do not turn them
loose to run wild upon the agency.
Until that time comes educating
the Indian is throwing money
away. What can an educated In-
dian do out in the sage brush and
cactus?
"There will be no more big In-
dian wars. The Indian's fighting
days are over and there is nothing
left for him to do but to be a beg-
gcr and live on charity around the
agency."
do the work men who were gradu-
ates and thoroughly qualified.
In the subdivision of townships
into sections chain work placing
corners and pounding mules oyer
the back almost an' one having
friends with a political pull was
considered eligible muscle being
the chief requirement.
Upon tho completion of the
work of surveying this territory
many of this latter class flattered
themselves as being masters of a
technical profession "because they
had been on government work"
and with few exceptions are now
engaged in what they call "farm
surveying."
By taking course and measuring
distance around outside offences
it is possible to make a map of
any given farm a very simple and
quick procedure but of no earth-
ly practical benefit to any one ex-
cept it be to the member of the
"gang" who manipulates "any old
thing" which he calls "an invest-
ment." While a survey of a farm when
made upon scientific principles is
a good thing for the people of this
country I assert that no individual
has a right even in this much im-
posed upon Indian Territory to
claim a knowledge of a profession
as intricate as surveying and engi-
neering without he can produce a
diploma from some one of the rec-
ognized engineering colleges of this
country touching upon the ques-
tion ot his claims of qualification.
If our people would make this
demand betore talking business
with these fakirs there would not
be so many farm surveyors on
paper alone made in this section.
A thorough knowledge of higher
mathematics is an absolute neces-
sity in performing correct engi-
neering work of any name or na-
ture and it cannot be obtained by
doing section work pulling a chain
through the brush or steering a
mule even in government service.
As there is no royal road to the
temple oi knowledge I would sug-
gest to all those who aspire to the
calling of surveying and engineer-
ing a term of study in some good
college as leading to closer results
than any known method.
A. H. Collins.
Among the Culckasaws.
Tho Dawes commission
closed its session at Colbert
are ready to move on to the
stand. The commission is
has
and
next
one
Ureat Sin or Infidelity.
Judge Clayton of the Central
district is holding court at Cam
eron this week and in his charge
to the grand jury used some strong
language touching the too prevalent
crime of infidelity.
He called tho jury's attention to
the solemn vows the bride groom
makes to the blushing bride be-
fore and when he leads to the hy-
menial alter and takes a solemn
oath before high heaven that
henceforth he will live right in
every particular especially auer
he'has been wedded lie tola the
grand jury that 'way before the
days of Christ that people made
every eftort to protect the cnastity
of their maidens. He called their
attention to the beautiful virgin
Tamar the sister of Absolom who
was seduced by Ammon after she
kneaded tho flour and made cakes
and poured them out before him
that he might eat and recover
from his feigned sickness while
with his licentious heart he was
seeking to defile her and after he
had ruined her he called his ser-
vant and put tho woman out from
him and bolted the door after her
and while she wore a garment of
divers colors that was fit only
for king's daughters she put her
hand on her head and wept.
Amnion following up this careor
and while his heart was merry with
wine from his debauch the sheep-
shearers fell upon him and slew
him and tho Lord blessed them
and their posterity and made them
rulers of a mighty nation.
Judge Clayton told tho grand
jury that they were not called up
on lo cieui so narsniy wuii or i;ih.e
the lives of parties for such offen-
ses but that they were called up-
on to investigate fearlessly and
honestly all offenses presented to
them and to indict men who dis-
regard all martial rights and go
out and destroy tho chastity of the
virgins of this country and defilo
the beds of their neighbors and
told the grand jury that when they
had done this duty tho court
would see that justice is measured
out and there will be less heart
aches less tears shed and more
peace in the families throughout
this country.
thing that always does a land of-
fice business in the Indian Terri-
tory. Wherever that important
body of men is located there is a
crowd and several men in the
employ of your Uncle Samuel are
doing a fine line of business. That
was tho case at Colbert during the
commission's session at that place.
Seven little tents with all the
symmetry ol proportion that
makes tents have a comfortable
look are arranged in a row on the
little knoll overlooking Colbert on
the northwest. In those tents are
the sleeping apartments dining
room and kitchen of the Dawes
commission all provided and paid
for by Uncle Sam. In two longer
larger tents are the offices of the
commission one for the Indians
and the other lor the treedmen all
of whom are on the ground to get
admitted if possible to citizenship
in the Indian Territory. Around
in front of the Dawes commission
office tents are tho tents of the
side shows that always accompany
the Dawes commission on its
rounds. At these side shows are
displayed everything that will
tempt the peoplo to spend money.
Not quite everything perhaps for
there are certain liquid refresh
ments that your Uncle Samuel ob-
jects to having sold in his public
domain where the Indians live.
But refreshments of tho various
kinds not under the ban of the law
are "Bold as are all sorts of novel
ties toys and the like and some
times calico jeans and the like
find buyers at such places.
While the claimants to citizen-
ship are standing around the tents
waiting for their turn when they
can register they swap horses or
in the event they have no horses
to swap they swap lies and news
from their several neighborhoods.
The method of registering claim-
ants is simplified by tho Dawes
commission. Each applicant is
given a nuraDer ana as soon as
that number is reached in register-
ing the claimant goes in presents
his citizenship papers or claim
and is enrolled if his claim be just
and he is given a certificate of
citizenship.
aisgsjgg5S!eag.ggta;:3i(:3g3jt
Newest Ms Latest Styles
Lowes
Prices
Great Bargains
IN EVERYTHING
THIS SEASON.
No time or trouble spared to prove to you
that everything- 'in our great Dry Goods Em-
porium is a bargain from a spool of thread to a
silk dress. Why? Because we handle only
the best and sell them at prices that the cheap-
est goods costs you at other places. Don't fail
to come and see these new fresh goods and get
some of these great bargains that we are offer-
ing in
Ladies' Cloaks
Capes
Cashmeres
Henriettas
Serges Tricots
Flannels
Vicugna Cloths
Brillinteens
Fine Worsted
Suitings
Arabian Fancies
French and Cotton
Ginghams
Silk and Worsted
Shirtwaists
Silk and.Worsted
Dress Skirts.
These goo'ds are well made- ;logether with
the latest styles. -;It isn't "room" we want in
our store but money. For bargains don't fail
to visit uV-our motto is "Quick Sales and
Small Profits."
GROCERIES.
In this department we handle only the best
the market can afford with polite and attentive
salesmen. Remember we will take all of your
produce in exchange for these goods at the
highest market prices.
Yours for Business
i5
7J5
n-ts.
S. S. Cobb.
W ' - ;; j" '-. i-- )
-i m . jv "w ii ; iw m
Fake .Surveyors.
Editoii Chieftain: I desire to
call tho attention of the many
readers of your valuablo paper to
the large numbor of fake survey-
ors now swindline tho citizens of
the territory.
In surveying the twenty-four
mile blocks and sub-dividing them
into townships of six miles square
the" covernment used their own or
employed competent ongineers to-profits."
Hie Loiter wheat Deal.
In summing up why Mr. Letter
lost the battle in tho greatest com-
mercial transaction that the world
has over known giving the other
side a writer in the October
"National Magazine" says in an
article entitled "Phillip D. Ar
mour ': "first mat Armour aiu
not want a wheat corner: second
that he believed a wheat corner
could not he successfully carried
on for any great length of time;
thirdly that finding himself short
ho decided to make an effort to
come to time and that surpassing
the calculation of an average mind
he filled the bill; and lastly a little
later he was positively convinced
the results of the deal would not
be a successful corner of all wheat
or in other words that Joseph
Leiter would fall and seeing tho
handwritinc on the wall long be
fore perhaps any one else did ho
had tho courage clearly against
the unanimous opinion of the great
trades to back his opinions ui
and backing them ho won a great
victory and as is generally sup
nosed an immense amount of
Pathetic Scene In Court.
Some idea of the pathetic inci-
dents that not infrequently happen
in the court and how hard it must
be for a naturally kindhearted
judge to always act independently
of bis feelings was finely illustra
ted recently in the case ot an
aged colored man nearly seventy
who was arraigned and entered a
plea of guilty of stealing some
meat sugar and flour from a store.
The grizzled old darkey told a
straightforward story of his life
from the time he was a slave "be-
fo' de wah" on down to the time
he broke into the store and stole
the provisions. The old man's
story not only affected the good
heart of Judge Thomas but ot the
greater number ot those present as
was plainly manifest and after a
sentence of two years had been
passed upon him an attorney arose
and suggested that the sentence be
suspended on account of the man's
ago and physical appearance.
Important Decision.
Yesterday in the U. S. court a
very important case was decided
by Judge Springer which will in a
great measure affect many persons
in the Cherokee nation. Gov. W.
J. Watts a noted "intruder" has
five farms in the Cherokee nation
only one of which camo under the
appraisement clause of tho strip
contract which was paid for by
the Cherokee nation. The sheriff
of the Cherokee nation sold this
farm in February 1S9S and Jack
Ellis bought it. Ellis then in-
duced the Cherokee sheriff to give
him a bill of sale to all five of the
Walts farms whereupon Ellis
brought suit against W. J. Watts
for the other four farms for which
ho had paid nothing. Judge
Snrincor held that Watts was en
titled to continue in possession oi
bis farms which the nation had
not paid him for and the case was
lost by Ellis. Muskogee Times.
Dig Cattle Mortgages Filed.
Several largo cattle mortgages
were filed in the clerk's office at
Muskogee last week. Tho largest
was the one given by J. N. Ward
to Drumm-Flato Commission Co.
of St. Louis for S61 85685 on
2.205 head of two-year-old steers.
Among the other large mortgages
filed were: Connie Murphy to
Strayhorn Hutton & Evans Com
mission Co.. for $10201.10 on 665
head of mix.ed cattle. II. B.
Spaulding to Strayhorn-Hulton
Commission Co. 81990717 on
1911 head of mixed cattle. Hum
phrey & Fleming to Tamblyn &
Tamblyn 511000 on 750 head of
Texas cows and calves. J. W.
Skinner to Siegel & Sanders $19-
091 on 800 head of mixed cattle.
J. W. Gibson and T. A. Parkin-
son to Drumm-Flato Commission
Co. $3606430 on 979 head of
steers. Fairland Bee.
It is given out on good author-
ity that Chief Isparhecher will call
an election to be held the first
Tuesday in November at which
the Creek citizens will express
themselves as to whether they will
ratify the Creek treaty or abide by
the Curtis law. This" election ha3
been looked forward to with much
interest as for some time a large
majority of Creeks have been try-
ing to get tbe chief to call the elec-
tion. Council is now in session
and has been for some time but
will probably adjourn the latter
part of the week until after the
election Is held when they will
again meet to canvass the vote and
act upon several measures. At
present they have not done much
in the way of legislation of any
kind outside of deciding to have
the election called to vote on the
treaty. Phoenix.
A school boy out in the country
wrote the following composition:
The school teacher is an animal
which is very common in these ere
diggings hit has 2 legs which are
fastened on to the lower end of
nus ooay anu extend all the way
downto hits feet. Hit has 2 arms
which are fixed 1 on one side and
tother so hit can hold a fellers
britchos in 1 ban whilst hit spanks
tho life outen him with tother.
Hit is pervided with many of the
invenshuns of civilizashun such
as eyes nose mouth etc. Hit
often has real hair on hits head
and almost human eares are fixed
on the side of bits noggin in a
very purty manner. Hit will eat
nearly anything hit can get hits
hands on but hit is perticterly
fon ofchilun.
In a reported interview a few
days ago a member of the Dawes
commission; stated that Choctaws
and Chickasaws could take their
allotments in either nation. The
masses of tho people havo always
understood it this way but many
were undecided about it and
will bo glad to learn that the com-
mission takes this view. It is not
now expected that the enrollment
in this nation will begin until the
first of next year and maybe not
before spring. Atoka Citizen.
1
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Marrs, D. M. The Indian Chieftain. (Vinita, Indian Terr.), Vol. 17, No. 8, Ed. 1, Thursday, October 20, 1898, newspaper, October 20, 1898; (https://gateway.okhistory.org/ark:/67531/metadc71564/m1/1/: accessed April 25, 2024), The Gateway to Oklahoma History, https://gateway.okhistory.org; crediting Oklahoma Historical Society.