The Indian Advocate (Sacred Heart, Okla.), Vol. 22, No. 2, Ed. 1, Tuesday, February 1, 1910 Page: 3 of 32
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THE INDIAN ADVOCATE 463
district. They consist of 250 or 300 lodges. The remain-
der of the tribe now (1856) reduced to 250 occupy the dis-
trict defined as follows: Commencing at the mouth of the
White Earth r. on the E. extending up that river to and
as far beyond its source as the Grand Coulee and the head
of La Riviere aux Souris thence N. W. along the Coteau
de Prairie or divide as far as the beginning of the Cypress
mts. on the N. fork of Milk r. down that river to its junc-
tion with the Missouri thence down the Missouri to White
Earth r. the starting point. Until the year 1838 the tribe
still numbered from 1000 to 1200 lodges trading on the
Missouri when the smallpox reduced them to less than 400
lodges. They were also surrounded by large and hostile
tribes who continually made war upon them and in this
way their number was diminished though at the present
time they are slowly on the increase."
From the time they separated from the parent stem and
joined the Cree until brought under control of the' whites
they were almost constantly at war with the Dakota. As
they have lived since the appearance of the whites in the
N. W. almost wholly on the plains without permanent vil-
lages moving from place to place in search of food their
history has been one of conflict with surrounding tribes.
Physically the Assiniboin do not differ materially from
the other Sioux. The men dress their hair in various forms;
it is seldom cut but as it grows is twisted into small locks-
or tails and frequent'y false hair is added to lengthen the
twist. It sometimes reaches the ground but is generally
wound in a coil on top of the head. Their dress "tents and
customs generally are similar to those of the Plains Cree
Lut they observe more decorum in camp and are more clean-
ly and their hospitality is noted by most traders who have
visited them. Polygamy is common. While the buffalo
abounded their principal occupation consisted in making
pemmican which they bartered to the whites for liquor
tobacco powder balls knives etc. Dogs are said to have
been sacrificed to their deities. According to Alexander
Henry if death happened in winter at a distance from the
burial ground of the family the body was carried along
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The Indian Advocate (Sacred Heart, Okla.), Vol. 22, No. 2, Ed. 1, Tuesday, February 1, 1910, newspaper, February 1, 1910; Sacred Heart, Okla.. (https://gateway.okhistory.org/ark:/67531/metadc69881/m1/3/: accessed April 24, 2024), The Gateway to Oklahoma History, https://gateway.okhistory.org; crediting Oklahoma Historical Society.