The Beaver Herald (Beaver, Okla.), Vol. 34, No. 17, Ed. 1, Thursday, September 22, 1921 Page: 3 of 8
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HOW TO FIGURE
COST OF CROPS
Farmer Enabled to Compute for
Himself Expense of Produc-
ing Various Crops.
REQUIREMENTS OF EACH CROP
If Precise Records Art Not Available
on Labor and Material Expendl.
-turte Close Estimate Can Be
Made of That Section.
(Prepared by the United States Depart-
ment ot Agriculture )
Figures from which the farmer can
compute for himself the cost of pro-
duction of com corn for silage wheat
oats and hay under given conditions
are presented In a preliminary report
on labor and material requirements of
thoso crops recently Issued by the
United States Department ot Agricul-
ture. Theso figures cover the normal
hours of man labor and horse tabor
and quantities of seed.'fertlllzers etc.
required per acre for each crop as
determined by surveys by the ofllco of
farm management and farm econom-
ics. Apply Bade Factors.
The money cost Is found by apply-
ing to these basic factors the current
rates for labor seed etc. Inasmuch
as it has been found that In general
labor and material costs approximate
SO per cent of the total operating cost
for these crops it Is easy to find this
total when the labor and material costs
are known.
Tim figures given represent average
crop requirements for the regions
-where Investigations have been made.
If the fanner does not have precise
records of labor and material expendi-
tures for his own farm ho can esti-
mate them pretty closely by taking the
average for his own region as a basis
nnd applying current rates for labor
nnd materials with due allowance for
any unusual conditions that may exist
In his own case. The method of com-
putation Is ns follows:
1. Determine the total cost of labor
and material per ncre by applying cur
rent rates to tbo quantities of labor
and materials obtained from the In-
dividual's own records or If such are
not available use those given In the
table.
i 2. Determine the total operating ex-
pense per acre by dividing tho cost of
labor and ranterlal by tho percentage
figure given for each region
i 3. Dctermlno the total acre cost of
production by adding the Interest
charge or the cash rent paid for the
use of land.
4. To determine the cost per bushel
or ton divide the total acre cost by
the yield per acre.
The following example shows how
this method worked out In figuring
the cost of corn for silage on on Iowa
farm:
Esti-
mated Amount rate. Cost.
Man-hours V.t (OK P.M
Horse-hours 61.8 .25 U.M
Seed pounds . -OS .79
Manure tons I.I 100 4.W
Oaaollne gallons 18 . JO
Coal pounds II .0 .07
Twine pounds 3 . .M
Total labor and material ($0 per
cent of operating expense) .ST
i Total operating expense (100 per
' cent) K
Interest on 1 acre of land (1300 at 8
per cent) low
' Total cost WM
Average yield per acre. 9 8 tons.
Average cost per ton HBO.
VARIOUS CLUBS GOING GOOD
Reports of Returns of Work Dons by
Boys and Girls With Poultry
and Other Lines.
Prepared by the United States Depart-
ment of Agriculture.)
Supervision of boys' nnd girls' poul-
try clubs by the United States Depart-
ment of Agriculture In co-operntlon
with state agricultural colleges was
continued during tho last fiscal year
In seven stntes where thero wero 1-
Canning Club Girls Inspecting a Club
Garden.
180 clubs with 20480 members of
which 12780 made reports from which
the following totals have been com-
piled: Eggs set 731700; chicks
hatched 510478; value of products
sold $04701.82; value of stock on
hand $382277.37; exhibits held 712;
members exhibiting. 0015; prlxes re-
ceived. $0681.11. A feature of prog-
resa was the improvement In quality
f fowls bred by dab members.
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rfJil Irs -4? If ? Mi Wk'i
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SPRAYING CELERY TO
PREVENT LEAF SPOTS
Application of Bordeaux Mixture
Is Recommended.
Treatment 8hould Continue Through!
out Qrowlno 8eaaon and Mors
Especially In Moist Cool Weath-
erApply With Pump.
(Prepared by the United States Depart-
ment ot Agriculture.)
Celery plants should bo sprayed with
bordeaur mixture every ten days to
two weeks to prevent leaf diseases
which often seriously Injure the crop
for market purposes. These leaf spots
occur generally In celery-growing dis-
tricts In tho United States during cool
moist weather Ilome-mnde bordeaux
composed of 4 pounds bluestone (cop-
per sulphate) and 4 pounds stone lime
to 50 gallons of water Is tho cheapest
and best fungicide for the purpose.
The spraying should bo begun while
the plants are still In the seed bed and
continued throughout the season. The
sprayings should be more frequent
during moist cool weather favorable
to the development of the leaf spots
Healthy Stalk of Celery.
and farther apart In dry hot periods.
Apply the mixture thoroughly with a
pump which will give a very fine misty
spray that will cover the plants but
not run down the stalks and thus dis-
figure the stems.
Since the disease Is carried over
winter on the seed and In the soil
where diseased celery was jjrown the
previous year. It Is Important thet new
soil be used In tho seed bed or tho old
soil sterilized by steam hot water or
formalin solution and that disease-free
seed be planted.
DON'T CROWD GROWING CHICK
Where 8pacs Is Limited Youngsters
Become Overheated Causing
Outbreak of Colds.
Growing chicks must not be confined
to crowded quarters at night. If they
are they will become overheated and
this In turn will lead to the develop-
ment of colds of which It Is very diffi-
cult to rid the flock and which may
be carried along through the summer
and fall causing a serious outbreak
of colds In the laying flocks the fol-
lowing winter.
How can one tell whether or not
the chickens have enough room? One
of the best Indications Is the condi-
tion of the plumage. If the plumage
Is bright and clean It Is a good sign
that tho birds are doing well and have
room enough. If the plumage Is soiled
by droppings It Is an Indication that
thero Is not room enough for all of
them on the roosts with tho result
that some are compelled to rest on
the floor beneath the roosts and thus
become sotted.
A trip to the growing houses after
dark will also determine whether
enough room Is being provided. If
there Is not space enough so that ell
the chickens can And room on the
roosts the quarters are too crowded
and some of the chickens must be
taken out If all can And room on
the roosts comfortably and If the
house Is well ventilated the quarters
are not crowded and the youngsters
should do well.
CONCRETE FLOORS ARE BEST
Promote and Protect Health of All
Farm Animals and Incrsase Prof.
Its for Farmer.
A concrete barnyard makes a flue
exercise lot In. all kinds of weather
and always affords a dry spot for tho
animals' bed. Every shower washes
the surface clean and flushes the
droppings Jnto tho manure pits. Con-
crete yards lighten the work of the
housewife as there la no mud to be
tracked on the walks and kitchen
floor. The use of rubber boots Is un-
necessary. On concrete floors not a
particle of grain need be wasted. The
way to the water trough Is always dry
smooth and passable. Concrete floors
promote and protect tho health of farm
animals and Increase the profit Of
farming itock raising and dairying.
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THE BEAVER HERALD. BEAVER OKLAHOMA
CABBAGE BEETLE
DDES MUCH HARM
Insect Carefully Avoids Arsenical
. Spray3 Effective Against
Many Other Pests.
BEST METHODS FOR CONTROL
Tobacco Dust Found to Be Most Ef-
fectlve of Repellents Tested Ar-
senate of Lead Appllcatlona
Found Satisfactory.
(Prepared by the United States Depart-
ment of Agriculture )
Evidently the Western cabbago flea
beetle was not hatched to die by
poison at least by sprays of arsenfcals
found so effective against many crop
Insect pests. It may bo driven away
however by poisonous applications
and herein lies the methods of control
discovered by specialists of tho bureau
of entomology United States Depart-
ment of Agrlculturo whose experi-
ments In combating the pest are de-
scribed In Department Bulletin 002
"The WeMern Cabbago Flea Beetle"
recently published. This Insect Is by
no means confined to cabbage but fre-
quently does serious Injury to turnips
radishes mustard kale and other cole
crops to sugar beets table beets nnd
under exceptional conditions to beans
and peas.
Dainty In Habits.
The beetles. It Is said are dainty in
their feeding habits carefully avoiding
foliage that ha"Sr been sprayed and at-
tacking either unsprayed parts or fly
Ing to other plants. Repellents such
as tobacco dust were found' to bo the
most effective of thoso tested and of
tho arsentcnls heavy applications of
arsenate of lend gavo tho most satis-
factory results.
A formula that gavo excellent re-
sults was arsenate of lead paste 1
pound: flsh-oll soap as n sticker 1
pound ; and water 10 gallons. Half of
this weight of powdered lead arsenate
or 2 pounds In 00 gallons of water
Is equally effective with a correspond-
ing quantity of sonp to net as nn ad-
hesive or "sticker." It should lie ap-
plied with a sprayer fitted with elbow
extension nnd speclnl effort should bo
mndc to coat thoroughly tho under
surface of the leaves. Two or three
Applications at five to eight-day Inter-
vals are sufficient even In case of se-
vere lnfestntlon provided tho first ap-
plication Is made promptly on tho first
appearance of tho Insect.
Control by Nicotine.
The pest can also bo controlled by
nicotine sulphate one-half pint 40
per cent solution In 60 gallons of wa-
ter with 2 pounds of soap added
which Is a deterrent. It Is not pos-
sible however to control this Insect
entirely when It occurs In Its great-
est nbundnnce.
In addition. It Is desirable to keep
the plants thrifty nnd well watered.
Mechanical and crop traps can be used
with advantage. Clean culture Is al-
ways advisable.
BROOM CORN FIBER DEMAND
Crop Compared With Many Other
Farm Products Marketing
Methods Neglected.
(Prepared by the United States Depart-
ment of Agriculture.)
Broom corn Is marketed today by
practically the same methods In use
70 years ago according to statements
made by specialists of the bureau of
markets United States Department of
Agriculture. It is a sninll crop com-
pared with many other farm products
and owing to Its limited use has
arvestlng Broom Corn.
failed to command the attention of the
marketing agencies which have played
such an Important part In developing
the highly efficient systems for the dis-
tribution of the more Important prod-
nets. SWEET CLOVER IS SENSITIVE
Crop Seldom Makes Profitable Growth
on Acid Soil Proper Inoculation
Important.
Whtlo It Is claimed by some that
sweet clover will grow on almost any
kind of soil. It seldom makes a prof-
itable growth oa an acid soil. It U
one of the moat sensitive crops to this
condition. Aa application of two tons
of ground limestone or from two to
Uu-ee cubic yards of marl Is usually
necessary to secure a good crop on an
acid aoIL Proper Inoculation 1 lm-aftaat.
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If
H
EXPERIENCE NEEDED
WITH ALFALFA CROP
Farmer Soon Learns Best Time
for Cutting Plant.
Government Experts Lean Strongly
Toward Fswer Crops During Year
Holding That Larger Tonnage
Can Be 8ecured
(Prepared by the United States Depart
ment of Agriculture.)
Just when to cut alfalfa nnd how
many times to lmrvest a crop In one
season are questions which have re-
ceived studied attention from experts'
In tho United States Department of
Agriculture and the various experi-
ment stations In nlfalfn-produclng
states. Ordinarily It Is a good time
to cut alfalfa for hay when the new
shoots have started from the crown
and from one-tenth to one-fifth of the
plants aro In flower. Hut these two
conditions do not always occur a( (he
snme time. However the farmer with
a little experience and keeping In
mind tho ttnwer and new shoots soon
Is able to tell when his alfalfa crop
should be cut. The farmer's best Judg-
ment will bo called Into play with
preference given to tho welfare of tho
plant rather than the size of the crop.
Experiments on government plats
seem to prove tlint cutting Is not es-
sential to the welfare of tho plant
but Is only a mentis of getting ltny.
Plats of alfalfa that have not been cut
An Excellent Stand of Alfalfa.
In six years aro In better physical con-
dition today than those that have
been cut regularly. Government agri-
cultural experts lean -strongly toward
fewer crops of alfalfa a year holding
that as largo tonnage can be secured
for example with threo as with four
cuttings and with less labor. Em-
phasis Is laid on the necessity of leav-
ing time enough after the last harvest
to permit the plants to get a healthy
growth approximately four Inches be-
fore frost.
CULL POOR PRODUCING HENS
Work Should Bs Started In Summer
and During Early Fall Months-
Comb la Indicator.
Tho hens should be culled nut dur-
ing the summer and enrly fall
months beginning to cull out the poor
producers Just as soon as they atop
laying which Is usually In July and
August. When a hen Is laying her
comb will be large full of blood and
bright red in color. As. she stops lay-
ing the comb becomes small and
shrunken pale or dull In color and
Is usually rather hard. Another good
Indication to use In selecting those
hens which stop laying early Is molt-
ing as the hens that start to molt
early that Is In July and August-
are usually the poorest producers.
While a hen which has molted most
of her feathers Is very easy to pick
out by sight without examination tho
only way to ascertain accurately
when the hens begin to molt Is to han-
dle them. Before the body and wing
feathers are molted In any great num-
ber you will And short pin feathers
growing thickly on the back and In
the feather tracts running back from
the breast Indicating that these hens
havo startod to molt and probably
have stopped laying If their combs
and general appearance Indicate non-
production. The pelvic bones are alsa
helpful In making this test as these)
two bones tend to close up when the
hen stops laying. If the spread be-
tween these bones measures two
fingers or less the probability Is that
the hen Is not laying while If the
spread Is greater together with other
Indications mentioned she Is probably
laying.
PROPER DRAINAGE ESSENTIAL
Heavy Application of Manure Wll Ou
Long Way Toward Correcting Al-
kali Condition.
Drainage Is the most Important fac-
tor In alkaline soils In nearly all
cases. Good drainage Is an absolute
necessity In alkali correction. When
drainage Is assured a heavy applica-
tion of horse manure will go a long
way toward correcting the alkali con-
dition. It may be necessary to apply
some fertilizer carrying large amounts
of potash. Corn la not tho best crop
to consider In handling alkaline soils
and oats or ryo bring better reiuits
until the soils are completely brought
bade to normal conditio!
1
"Keep Them
Guessing Volume"
By R. RAY BAKER
(. lilt br McClure Niwipaptr Syndicate )
William Shakespeare didn't refer to
Florence Davidson when he made that
observation about It being easier to
give advice than to net upon It.
For Florenco was one of those per-
sons that practice what they preach.
Her preaching was done through the
columns of the Evening aazette un-
der the cnptlon "Advice to the Love-
lorn by Arabella Anderson." Every
day except Sunday Florenco an-
swered questions of young women Rnd
some young men In regard to love nf-
fairs preceding the replies with an
article of general advice.
These articles written by Florence
lately had been accumulated and pub-
lished In pamphlet form under the
title "Keep Them Guessing" and
these pnmphlets.wcrB distributed free
of charge to the readers of tho Ga-
zette who submitted tho necessary
coupon.
Florence wos a strong advocate of
"guessing" In love nfTnlrs. She argued
that a young man's Interest became
stimulated when he found himself un-
able to fathom the depths of his
Idol's nnture. "Keep them guesting;
never let up until the marriage knot
Is tied and don't let up then" was the
gist of her ndvl.ee and muny a fair
reader heeded It and pibdted by It.
Because Florence practiced what
she preached Hnrvey Iloherts was
kept constantly on the anxious seat.
He never could tell Just where ho
stood with her. Her personality
seemed never the same. Sho was ex-
ceedingly agreeable nnd sweet ono
duy and the next time Harvey saw
her she was cold and distant. She
never would admit definitely that she
would mnrry him but whenever ho he-
came convinced his case wns hopeless
she would he sure to lend him fresh
encouragement by means of a few
choice words of sentiment no was
"kept guessing."
Hnrvey did not rcntlzo that he wns
the constant subject of experiment for
Arabella Anderson of the Gazette. In-
deed he wns not nwaro that Florence
acted In that capacity on the news-
paper although of courso he knew she
held some position there. Yes Hnr-
vey was experimented upon shameful-
ly In order that tho readers of the
Gazette might profit; but from this
It must not he Inferred that Florenco
did not enro for him. She really was
In love with him but felt she must
follow Arabella Anderson's advice In
order to keep hlro on. the matrimonial
eligible list.
One day narvey had called for her
at the Gazette office and escorted her
to the modest dwelling where she lived
with her mother.
"Shall I see you this evening?" he
Inquired. She had been particularly
amlnble and he was confident she
would be glad to have him call. His
Insurance business hnd kept him out
ot town for a week and It seemed like
years since they had been together.
He was then taken off his feet by her
response
"I think not narvey. Ileal ly I be-
lieve we should not see so much of
each other for a while. Besides I
have another engagement for tonight."
"But Florence" he protested "I
haven't seen you for a week and "
"Let's not argue" she broke In. "I
think It Is best really and I couldn't
break an engagement even for you."
So Harvey went away with a henvy
heart and Florence kept her engage-
ment with a man she heartily disliked.
It was necessary however to forgo
another link In the chain of guessing
with which she bound Harvey.
"He'll call me up In a day or two
and beg me to relent" she confidently
told herjelf "and of course I'll yield
to his pleading. It's all In the game."
Florence wns ready to relent hut
she didn't get the chance for Harvey
failed to fulfill her expectations. He
did not telephone to her and she re-
ceived no word from him through tho
mall. When three days had passod
she began to be worried.
Then came tho climax. Florence
wont to the theater ono evening with
her mother and thero she saw Har-
vey with another young woman. It
literally appalled Iter. Such a thing
was unheard of. He appeared to have
broken uway from the fetters she had
tied with such painstaking care.
At first Florence was angry. What
right had Harvey to pay attention to
another girl after the many protesta-
tions of love he had poured Into her
ears? But her anger cooled and anx-
iety took Its place. She stood ready
to forgive If only Harvey would come
back.
But narvey made no effort to see
Florence ne must be away on busi-
ness she decided; but It was odd not
to receive a letter from him If such
were the case. She discovered he was
not out of town one evening when
she went to a restaurant for dinner
and found hlra dining thire with tho
some girl who had accompanied him
to the theater. This time Florence
shed tears.
Well It was all over. She had lost
Harvey now she was convinced. And
It wns her own fault; she knew It and
admitted It. She wrote "Advice to the
Lovelorn" with little heart now be-
cause she was beginning to doubt the
soundness of the policies she advo-
cated. Then one day Florence met Harvey
on the street and she stopped him.
Her Independent nature rebelled at
such procedure but sne couldn't
help It.
"Why don't you ever come to sea
mo" she Rskcd hlra. "I snld we ought
to remain nwny from ench other for
a while hut I didn't mean forever."
Hnrvey appeared his same old self
"I'll see you tonight If you haven't
another engagement" he said.
Florence had no other engagement
nnd Harvey called Ho got right to
business at the start.
"I love you Florence and I want
you" he told her "but I'm tired of
never knowing where I am nt. If I
can't have you all to myself I won't
have you nt all."
"You mean " she said very sweet-
lyand meekly.
"I mean that I am proposing to you
again for the last time. If you say
yes well and good It will make mo
happy. If your answer Is no I'll be
unhappy but I'll never bother you
ngaln. But If you accept me alt this
tact and diplomacy stuff of yours has
got to stop. How about It!"
Florence wns silent for a moinem'.
When she spoke there were hints ot
tears In her eyes.
"It suits me Hnrvey" she told him.
"I'll marry you and In the meantime
I'm yours alone. I'll never be mean'
ngnln and I'll never keep you guess-
ing. You can depend on me all th
time."
When Harvey left her that night ht'
was far happier thnn he ever had
been before. He whistled a gay tuna
as he walked home under stars gleam-
ing In a deep blue sky. He went to
his room and sat for a long time gat-
ing nt n picture of Florence and srall-
Ing. It was a smile of triumph as well
ns happiness.
Before retiring ho opened a drawer
of his dresser and brought forth a
paper-covered hook.
"This Arabella Anderson hns tha
right dope" he murmured. "Only sha
forgot to mention that It works both
ways. Maybe sho didn't know It when
she wrote thla 'Keep Them Guessing"
volume."
EVEN SENATORS PONT RULE
Wife of Elghty-Two-Year-Old "Llvsi
One" Waxed Sarcastic at Hubby's
Expense the Morning After.
Tho story Is stilt told In chucklej
circle In Washington where old cro-
nies get together ot tho night when
3. W. Pettus senator from Altbama
then eighty-two years old stayed out
too late.
Tho dny after the escapade tho sen
ate was droning along nnd Mr. Mc
Cumber was making a speech that
was well studded with statistics and
entirely denuded of thrills. The sen-
ators drifted Into tho clonk rooms.
Only Senator I'cttus remained. 8ud-
denly his shoulders were seen to be
I nl in alinkn with mirth and aoma
observer went over to learn what. In
so dry a speech could have mads bin
laugh.
He said be had played poker with
tho Joe Cannon crowd the night be"
fore and when the hour ot midnight
arrived the time at which Mrs. rot-!
tus required his presence at home ha
had all the blue chips and could not
gracefully get away. So he played
till three o'clock.
When he got home he pulled off blai
shoes at the front door slipped Into)
his room undressed In tha dark and
sought to go to bed. Mrs. I'ettus un-
fortunately had cast anchor In the). '
exact middle ot the boil. So he be-l
stowed himself most uncomfortably
on the edgo and courted Morpheus InV
vain.
Just at dawn Mrs. Pettus awoke.i
The senator pretended that he was
Bleeping. She got up on her elbovr-
and looked at her partner for 60 years)
In the Increasing light. Instantly sha
detected bis discomfort.
"Mr. Pettus" said she "you would
rest at greater ease If you would taka
off your bat." William Atherton Du
I'uy In tha Philadelphia Evening)
Public Ledger.
I
8srmons by Wireless Telephone.
The day may soon come when tha
Itinerant minister wilt be a thing of
the past says Popular Mechanics Mag-
azlne. The Herron Avenuo Presbyte-
rian church of Pittsburgh which had
been without a pastor for some tlma
and compelled to rely on substitutes
decided on tho Installation of a wire-
less telephone receiving outfit In tho.
pulpit. The outfit wns a compact ar-
rangement of loop antenna amplifier
and condenser and It was the means
whereby tho Interested congregation
listened to a service from tho Calvary
Episcopal church of the same city.
Although the speaker differed In creed
from his auditors attentive ears re-
ceived his sermons as transmitted bj
the wireless."
Far From Independent.
"You are a fortunate man" said the)
automobile tourist.
"How'a thatT' asked the farmer.
"You aro monarch of all you survey.''
"I guess you are wrong stranger.
I still owe nine Installments on that
tractor; you see my hired man won't
pay any attention to what I Bay and
there's a mortgage on the old horn
place." Blrmlugham Age-Herald.
Ruinous. .
Madge Gossip doesn't pay
Marjorle I'm beginning to agrea
with you my dear. The last secret I
heard cost me more than ?2 for extra
telephone tolls. St. Louis Globe
Democrat.
Room for Baseball.
"BUI" said tha managing edltort
"Yieatrr
"Shoo those movie queens oft the)
baseball page Into the fashion plat
section." Louisville Courter-JouxaaU
&
fl
i
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The Beaver Herald (Beaver, Okla.), Vol. 34, No. 17, Ed. 1, Thursday, September 22, 1921, newspaper, September 22, 1921; Beaver, Oklahoma. (https://gateway.okhistory.org/ark:/67531/metadc69378/m1/3/: accessed March 19, 2024), The Gateway to Oklahoma History, https://gateway.okhistory.org; crediting Oklahoma Historical Society.