The Altus Plaindealer. (Altus, Okla.), Vol. 2, No. 4, Ed. 1 Thursday, July 21, 1898 Page: 1 of 4
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*1 .1
THE ALTUS PLAINDEALER.
VOL.
ALTUS, OKLAHOMA, THURSDAY, JULY 21, 1898.
NO. 4,
A. HAPPY AFTERNOON.
The obliging young man in the Iron-
mongery shop had never done anything
to offend the schoolgirl of 15 who was
gazing meditatively into the shop win-
dow. He had never seen her even be-
fore.
He hopes now that he will never see
her again.
She entered, looking shyly around
her, took the seat to which the obliging
young man waved his hand, and sigh-
ed:
"I should like,” she said, "to see
some corkscrews."
This brought out all the young man's
best qualities. He was suave In his
reply, deferential in his smile, and
qulgk with his fingers. As he un-
wrapped parcels, and let loose different
breeds of corkscrews, one after another
he inquired if she had a perference for
any special kind.
“Yes,” she said, "the corkscrews 1
want to see are patent corkscrews;
those with a dodge, or trick, or catch,
or lever, to make the cork come out
easily.”
"Certainly, miss. Quite so,” said
the young man, intelligently. “I have
several neat little inventions of the
kind. This one, you will observe, is
simplicity itself. No pulling, no vio-
lence requited. Screw into the cork
so, turn the handle so, and the cork
comes out. We sell a great many of
these."
"I can quite understand that,” said
the girl, “it looks clever. Is it dear .'"
"Oire and nine pence, miss. We
have the same thing in a better quality
at-”
"Oh, thanks," said the girl. "I think
the quality of this is beautiful. May
I see another one?”
"Certainly, miss," said the young
man. "Now, this is a clever little
thing, on the lever principle; no pull-
ing or violence required. You just—”
"May 1 try it?”
She was by no means a bad looking
girl, and, though it was stretching a
point, the assistant drove an old cork
into an empty bottle, and allowed her
to draw it out again.
"Yes," the girl said, “that is charm-
ing. I like that much the best. What
price is it?"
"This is a little dearer. Two and
four. We'll say two and three, as I
see a slight speck of rust on the han-
dle, which, however, will easily clean
off."
He began to wrap it up in paper
briskly.
The girl looked at him with sad, won-
dering eyes.
“Why are you wrapping it up like
that ?” she asked.
“Well, miss, I supposed that you'd
sooner carry it wrapped up. If you
like to take it as it is, and slip
into your pocket, of course-’’
"I don't think I ought to do that,”
said the girl. "You see, it’s not my
corkscrew. 1 don't think you ought to
suggest that I should steal your cm-
f
I
L
itfsjj!
m #
"I DON'T DRINK.”
ployer’s goods. It's not honest, is it?
Of course, I don't want to preach; I
have several faults myself, but-”
Here the young man broke in frigid-
ly—
“I was under the impression that you
were buying that corkscrew.”
"Why?” asked the girl. "I never
said anything about buying. I don'*
want to buy any corkscrews. It's not
nice of you to pretend that I do. What
does a girl of my age want with cork-
screws? I don’t drink. I just wanted
to look at the clever mechanism. an:i
so on. and I think you showed them off
nicely. 1 ought to have thanked you
before. I'll do it now. Thank you.’*
"Here,” said the .voting man. with Ihe
intense calm of the exasperated. “You
may think it a funny thing to come in
here, turn over the stock, spoil it by
handling, and waste my time; hut let
me tell you that people who don't
come In here as customers come in hers
as trespassers, and by the law-’’
She did not look quite so frightened
?s he had hoped.
"Yes," she said. “I know all about
the law. and it doesn't affect me, be-
cause. you see. I came in as a customer.
It doesn't follow because I don't want
to buy corkscrews that I don't want to
buy anything else. You're so hasty.
That Is how you get wrong."
"Is there." said thf young man. "any-
thing which you want to buy? Not
want to see. mind; want to buy?”
"Ye*." said the girl, "there la. Bat I
tnust I buy It without seeing It? It
doesn't *»*m to me to be the usual way I
of doing business, but I dareaay you
kne* best."
The yovuif maa *f*hrl
"You ran see any article which yoa
are intending to buy."
“Well, you should havf said that be
fore. You contradict yourself, you
know. I want a packet of that blue-
gray Silurian note paper, with envel-
opes to match, and some chocolate
nougat."
“You’t better get out of the shop,"
said the man. “You know perfectly
well that this is an ironmonger’s, not a
stationer's.”
"You really are much too hasty,” said
the girl. “I’m only following your own
directions, and you can’t buy chocolate
nougat at a stationer’s. There’s a card
in that window which says: ‘If you
don’t see what you want in the window
kindly step inside and ask for it.’ I
didn’t see any Silurian note paper In
that window, so I kindly stepped in-
side, and--”
"Will you go?” said the young man,
losing h!s self-control.
“Not immediately. If I’ve been mis-
led, it’s your fault, for putting notices
in the window which you don't mean.
Why do you do it? You shouldn’t.
Therp are other things I want as well.
I want a penny box of tin tacks.’’
"Will you go?"
“Yes. But I think you ought to
serve me first, without being impolite
about it."
She turned round to the proprietor,
who at that moment appeared behind
the counter.
“Do you think,” she said, "you could
persuade this young man to sell me a
penny box of tin tacks? I want them,
and I have got the penny. Whenever
I ask for them he roars out: ‘Will you
go?’ ”
"She comes in here--’’ the yonng
man began.
"Weil, he can see that for himself,”
said the girl. "But I don’t want to
talk about it any more. If. in a big
ironmonger’s shop like this, two grown
men can't sell a pennyworth of tin
tacks. I’d better try somewhere else.
Good-morning.”
So she spent a penny on a tram ride
instead, and laughed the whole of the
way, to the amazement and disgust of
the conductor and fellow passengers.—
Today.
DAIRY AND POULTRY.
INTERESTING CHAPTERS FOR
OUR RURAL READERS.
be necessary to partition off the yard
so only half can be used at a time, or
alternate the place of the yard, plant-
SCIENTIFIC TOPICS
IIow Successful Kariurn Operate Till*
Department of the Farm—A Few
Uinta as to tlie Care of Live Stock
and Poultry.
GREAT NAVAL DISASTERS.
Appalling 1,1st of Losses of Ships Xot
In Action.
A list of the greatest naval disasters
in which war vessels figured would in-
clude the following:
Edgar, English, blew up, 1711; all on
board perished.
Namur, English, 1740; 030 lost.
Prinre George. English sloop, burn-
ed, 1758; 400 lost.
Royal George. English frigate, 1782;
lives lost, over 600.
St. George and Defence, English
frigates, 1811; nearly 2,000 lives lost.
Meduse, French frigate, 1816; nearly
200 lost.
Birkenhead, English troopship, 1852;
454 lost.
Albany, British sloop of war, 1853;
210 lost, all on board.
I.ady Nugent. English troopship,
1854; 400 lives lost.
Eurydlce, English training sfiip,
1878; 300 lost.
U. S. S. Oneida, 1870; 115 persons
lost.
Captain. English war vessel. 1870;
nearly every one on hoard perished.
lT. S. S. Huron, 1877; 100 lives lost.
Grosser Kurfurst, German ironclad,
1878; about 300 lives lost.
Dotterel. English sloop of war, ex-
ploded 1881; 143 kiied and drowned.
Victoria, English battleship, 1893;
400 lost.
Reina Regente. Spanish warship,
1895; 420 lost.
U. S. S. Maine, blown up, 1898; 264
lives lost.
England has been the unfortunate
victim of the two greatest naval dis-
asters on record. On Nov. 26, 1703. the
Stirling Castle, 70 guns; Mary, 79 guns;
Northumberland. 70 guns; Vanguard.
70 guns; York. 70 guns; Resolution, 60
guns: Newcastle. 60 guns, and Reserve,
60 guns, were all lost in the same storm
and many hundreds perished. Again,
in October, 1780. the Thunderer, 74
guns; Stirling, 64 guns; Defiance. 64
guns; Phoenix. 44 guns; La Blanche.
32 guns: Laurel, 28 guns; Shark, 28
guns; Andromeda, 28 guns: Deal Cas-
tle. 24 guns; Peneiope, 24 guns; Scar-
borough. 20 guns: Barbadoes. 14 guns:
Chameleon. 14 guns: Endeavour. 14
guns, and Victor, 10 guns, were lost in
the West Indies.
Yulii* Id Old Nrwupnpeni.
From the Woman's Home Compan-
ion: Old newspapers form an import-
ant item in domestic economy, and are
useful for polishing window-glasses,
for cleaning lamp-chimneys, for test-
ing and cleaning flat-irons, and for a
dozen other things; you will also need
heaps of thrm when you come to pack
away th* winter clothing. The clothes-
moth. like other evil-doers, has an
aversion to printer's ink. An excel-
lent moth-proof hag. second only to the
expensive tar paper, and costing no-
thing. may he made of two thicknesses
of newspaper, with .he edges folded as
if for an inch wide hem, and securely
pasted. Bags of the same kind are
about the best thing you can use for
keeping s*eds and dried herbs They
are dust and insect proof, and ran be
labeled and bvng in the storeroom un-
til p**4ed
Dairy Notes.
It has been supposed that the milk
can or jar was a great advance over
the old method of dealing out milk by
milkmen from an open can. The milk
inspector of the city of Philadelphia
aud the authorities at West Point
have begun war on the system. At
West Point several cases of fever were
traced directly to the glass jars. The
point of difficulty is that the same jars
are used on different days in various
families. As frequently the jars are
left in the houses where contagious
diseases exist, the milk in the jars rap-
idly accumulates disease germs. If
the jars were thoroughly sterilized af-
ter each use there would be no danger.
But as most of them are washed out
in hot water, the germs remain in
their vigor. The danger is therefore
great. Without doubt some of our
more advanced milkmen will thor-
oughly sterilize their cans, especially
where they have steam at their dis-
posal. But in the great majority of
cases, especially in the city, the dan-
ger is obvious. So it is that we begin
to return again to first principles.
• • •
The wise men are now cudgeling
their brains to find out how much it
costs to manufacture milk. They have
obtained all kinds of figures, ranging
from 1 cent to 3. But most, if not all,
of these estimates are merely fancy.
We have known cases where every
quart cost the milkman 7 cents for
food alone. The truth is that the cows
are so various in their capacities, and
the cost of grain and hay differs so
that all such estimates are really
worthless. There is no doubt that the
cost should be lowered through the
development of better cows and a bet-
ter system of feeding, but that there
t* at this present time any degree of
uniformity in the cost of production
we do not believe.
» • •
The science of making cheese at
home seems to have departed. The ad-
vent of the cheese factory has put
cheese making into a different sphere,
let it would be often desirable if some
of the old homely wisdom were re-
tained, There are localities too far
away to be in reach, of a cheese fac-
tory, where the milk might some-
times be used to good advantage in
the making of cheese. A gentleman
from Tennessee was recently telling
us oT rhe cheese making possibilities
of his immediate neighborhood. He
said they had caves finely adapted to
the curing of cheese. The home-made
cheese can no longer compete with the
factory made cheese, hut for home use
it is often a desirable product.
PonItry Notes.
Doubtless there is a great advance
being made in the quality of the poul-
try of the country. A New York pub-
lication says that the live poultry re-
ceived in the New York market from
the South has improved 25 p^r cent
er more during the last two years. This
is very encouraging, for it means that
farmers are making more out of their
poultry than formerly. Two great
agencies have been at work to accom-
plish this result. First the agricul-
i tural press, which has been constantly
giving precept upon precept in this
matter. Second, the great number of
breeders of fine fowls who have had
1 their advertisements constantly before
the people. It may be a question some-
times what good the fancy breeder does
in the world, but we believe that he
has a great effect on the Ideals to-
ward which we breed.
* • •
When the war is over we may ex-
pect to find in Cuba a good market for
poultry and poultry product*. That
island has been in the past a fairly
good consumer for such goods, but
with a new prosperity dawning we
may expect a very great enlargement
of the trade in that particular. Ulti-
mately we will see poultry growiug
develop there on a considerable scale.
1 but it is doubtful if that occurs at an
early day. The people are too Ignorant
now to know their opportunities, and
even after peace Is assured long years
| °f education will be necessary along
j poultry lines. For many years the
only competition we will have wlU be
that of the scrub Cuban hen. The
w-ell-to-do classes will desire for their
tables a better fowl than they have
and will buy the Imported goods.
• • •
It Is a good plan to keep some kind
of green stuff growing in the hen yard
for the fowls when they have to be
shut up. The trouble will be to get It.
started, as the fowls will attack it a>
soon as It comes above the ground
This prevents the plant from getting
a start. A single hen can do a great
deal of picking, and when the plants
are so small, she can do much to keep
them down level with the ground. If
a sing)* hen ran be so effective o-t*
can readily see that It L about Imp'-
alble to grow a crop m a yard where
ihera ta a Dtp flock, it wtli tftersfure
ing outside of the fence and then en-
closing it. If there be enough ground
convenient this will be the best way to
do. One should not keep more hena
than can be furnished with a green
pasture, either in or outside of the
yard.
CURRENT NOTES OF DISCOV-
ERY AND INVENTION.
(>oud Mitre* Valuable.
The farmer can make more money
nut of one good mare than he can make
<> t of half a dozen scrub mares, says
Ttxas Stock and Farm Journal. If he
an make such exchanges or purchases
is will enable him to have good brood
mares as the work stock of the farm
he can make them pay a good income.
Of course he cannot do this if he doe*
not breed them Judiciously or if he
does not take the right kind of care
of tlie dam and colt. Almost any one
now can find a good stallion, and it
will pay well to go a long ways, if
necessary, to reach the best. The best
fillies should always be kept because
of the value of the infused blood of
the wisely selected sire—and there
should ever be a persistent effort to
improve with each generation. Unless
the mare is exceptionally good the
process of building up is not a rapid
one, but with each new generation
there can be a very marked advance.
Of course in selecting the stallion in-
dividual excellence as to form, style,
action, constitution, disposition and
performance should be considered
quite as carefully as pedigree. In pedi-
gree look for performers along the
line of ancestry upon both sides. A
Hne of ancestry in which there are
many individuals that have won dis-
tinction is one of good promise. The
excellencies that are shown to have
been often transmitted are likely to
remain inheritable traits of the family.
The Journal would advise the farmer-
breeders to start with mares whose
blood lines could be traced back
through many generations rich in dis-
tinguished performance if this were
practicable. This few can do. but very
many can breed to sires of illustrious
anrestry and of demonstrated prepo-
tent quality, the quality of transmit-
ting to their progeny in marked de-
gree the characteristics that are valued
high in the more discriminating mar-
ket of today, and remember that the
market is becoming ever more discrim-
inating, and the breeder who ignores
its demands had better raise mules.
The day when 6crub horses have a
value equal to the cost of raising them
has passed.
In Handling Cotton—Machine for
Washing Frnlt—Heating Capabllltlea of
Wood—Singing Spiders — Causes of
Contagion.
Safety In Handling Cotton.
Cotton shippers are very keenly alive
to the dangers that attend the handling
of their wares. A spark from a cigar
or the smoke stack of an engine may
fall upon a bale. It sinks in and in
the haste of loading is not observed.
For weeks it may eat and smolder in
the bale, then at some unexpected mo-
ment it may break out with the most
disastrous results. Heretofore it has
been impossible to pack cotton so that
this contingency might not arise at
any time. There is. however, a new
method by which cotton is packed ey-
lindrtcally instead of the ordinary
square shapes. By the new process
the packing is so close and firm that
fire might run all over the outside of
it and then go out, because there is
not sufficient oxygen in the interior of
the package to conduct the fire or sus-
tain it. This discovery is of great val-
ue to shippers, as well as ship owners.
Fires in cotton bales have been of
frequent occurrence, and when a con-
flagration is once started it seems next
to impossible to put it out. Exposure
to the air gives the fire just the sup-
port it needs, while smothering it dowfn
merely postpones the calamity. In ad-
dition to the greatly Increased safety
of such cargoes, the new style of pack-
ing puts the fiber into much smaller
compass and consequently the bestowal
is easier, and much more cotton can be
carried in a given space.
The Two-Hundred Eg| Hen.
Can we produce hens that will lay
200 eggs per annum? Without a doubt.
How? By scientific breeding, as for a {
good butter cow or a good milker, as
.for a trotting or high jumping horse. |
Experiments have been made to in-
crease the number of rows of corn on
the cob with success. The same meth-
od is applicable to poultry breeding. I
We will start wijh a hen that lays 120
eggs. Some of her chicks will lay, say.
150 per year. From these we will i
pick out layers, and so on till 200 or j
better are the result. At the same
time it is just as essential to breed
our males from prolific layers as it is i
the females. In fact, it is more so.
If we look after the breeding of the
females only we will introduce on the
male side blood which is lacking in
proficiency and thus check every at-
tempt at progress. It is just as essen-
tial that the male should be from a
hen which laid 175 eggs and from a
male that was bred from a hen that
laid 150 eggs as it is that the hen was
from one that laid 175 eggs and whose
mother laid 150 eggs.—Ex.
Machine for Washing Frnit.
So much trouble has been made by
the appearance of black spots on or-
anges and lemons that all sorts of
plans have been devised to rid the fruit
of this unsightly blemish. One of the
most practical appliances is a scrub-
bing machine supplied with water, car-
riers and brushes. The fruit is put
into a tank and allowed to remain for
a few minutes to permit the specks to
soften a little; then it is taken up by
the carriers and conveyed to a large
wheel, which has arranged around its
periphery movable automatic acting
brushes, which form a portion of the
carrier around its rim. As the orange
or lemon proceeds on its journey the
brushes attack it from all quarters,
scrubbing it very thoroughly, and in
almost all cases completely cleansing
it from the unsightly specks. After a
given time it is automatically dropped
into a trough, from which it is con-
veyed to the receiving baskets or boxes.
The brushes, while firm, are not suffi-
ciently so to Injure the rind of the fruit
in the least. If this device works as
well as it promises it is a boon to the
orange and lemon grower, and a for-
tune to the inventor.
25 to 75 per cent of oleomargarine, two
were entirely made of oleomargarine,
and two others were compounded from
various materials that rendered them
unfit for food. The milk examination
was most extensive and exhaustive.
The commission carried its examina-
tion through about fifteen hundred
place: where milk was sold, finding
nearly one hundred cases of adultera-
tion that made the milk unfit for use.
In many other cases the milk was ex-
tensively watered. This was .consid-
ered less objectionable than some of
the other adulterations, and the water
was for the most part apparently pure.
The worst cases were those in which
milk powders, chalk and various con-
cocted additions had been made. A?
matters now stand in the trade, relia-
ble and reputable dealers do not find
food adulteration very profitable. Thi
penalties are too heavy in case of. de-
tection and the danger of being found
out and acquiring a bad reputation is
ever present before them.
A Submarine Warship.
Both men of science and officers of
the navy have been greatly interested
in the successful experiments with the
Holland submarine boat in New York
harbor. The boat is able to run on
tile surface at a speed of sixteen knots,
and when completely submerged at a
speed of ten knots. A gas engine is
used to drive her on the surface, and
an electric motor, driven by a storage
battery, propels her when she is sub-
merged. She stays on an even keel,
and automatic mechanism keeps her at
a constant depth. When diving, with.
3aK
the aid of her specially designed rud-
ders, she goes down at an angle of
about fifteen degrees, and in rising to
the surface comes up again at the same
angle. She carries tubes for launchiug
i Whitehead torpedoes when under wat-
<r, and for firing guncotton projectiles
when not submerged. The boat is ci-
gar shaped. The one with which the
experiments have been made is 55 feet
long. Another, 85 feet long, is being
constructed.
Iron Minin*: by St^am Shorel.
On the Mesabi range, in the Lake Su-
perior iron ore region, a steam shovel
and digger is ued to mine the ore,
which is worked in an open quarry.
(hooding a Location.
The nearer a poultry man can get to
his adopted market, where he disposes
of his fresh eggs, poultry, etc., the bet-
ter, for obvious reasons. But, on the
other hand, it is best to keep out of
city limits, as in a smail town or vil-
lage land Is much cheaper, taxes are
lower, and there are less restrictions
than in a city. So get as near the city
as you can without getting into it and
have an eye to good, easy roads con-
necting your plant with your market.
Time is money, and it is expensive
driving ten miles to market when five
are all that should be necessary. Then
as to site, highness and dryness are of
principal importance. Cold is not near-
ly as bad and unhealthy for fowls a«
dampness, the fosterer of colds, lung
troubles and roup. Build your houses
If possible upon high and dry hills or
knolls, with sandy or gravelly soil and
free, natural drainage. Ex.
\
The ore rises along the side of the quar-
ry in a face fifty feet in height. The
steam shovel is capable of loading five
hundred tons of ore per hour upon the
cars, whose track run along the face
of the quarry. The cost of mining by
this method is said to be about fifteen
cents per ton.
Dried Brewers' Grain.—Dried Brew-
ers' grain is the kiln dried residue
from beer manufacture. It consists of
pome of the starch, together with the
hulls, germ and gluten of the barley.
A small no-lion of the gluten and the
larger part of the starch are removed
from th* barley by the action of dis-
taste and yeast.
It is probably a mistake to dose
fowft with the Idea of keeping away
disease. If they are well, let th*m
alone, bn give them feed at all *ip,e#
that *U he «oq hard oa the dV
amUta. •
For the Scientific KxamlnMtion of Food.
While there is undoubtedly a great
deal of adulteration in food products
of all sorts, the Pure Food commission
and the scientific experts who are en-
gaged in this work are doing excellent
service in exposing the frauds perpe-
trated on an unsuspecting public. In
the report of one of their examina-
tions two hundred samples of food
and drink articles were tested. Out
of this number considerably more than
one-quarter were found to he of such
poor quality that they were condemned
altogether. Among the articles exam-
ined were flour, butter, lard. milk,
chocolate, fresh eggs, green tea salad
oil. lemon extracts, and alcohol and
win** of various forts The mast ob-
jectionable article was butter Out of
tw*nty-fle* aeznplf* twelvq had from
Cannes of Contagion.
An eminent physician is the authori-
ty for the statement that boys are
much more likely to contract many
diseases than girls, and gives the rea-
son that the youngsters play in the
streets, where they pick up all sorts
of germs. A boy hurts his fingers, and
sticks them in his mouth, and mayhap
licks them to get a better hold of his
top or whatever he may be handling.
Diphtheria and typhoid fever especial-
ly, he says, are more likely to be con-
tracted by boys on this account. In
addition to this, boys roam about ev-
erywhere, and are. so to speak, in ev-
ery kind of mischief. A lad may con-
tract a disease by picking up some
stick or article previously handled by
an infected person. He advises that
when boys come in from play they
should give their hands and faces a
thorough washing, not forgetting to
clean the teeth with the utmost care.
Excellent advice, no diubt, but what
an amount of "moral persuasion"
would be required to get the average
boy to take these precautions! WTash-
ing is very often looked upon as a very
unnecessary operation, and a sad waste
of time.
Heating Capabilties of Wood.
From time immemorial soft wood
has been regarded as comparatively
valueless for heating purposes. Hard
wood has brought high prices and has
been in much greater demand than
soft, on account of this generally pre-
vailing notion. Experiments with
woods of various sorts have demon-
strated that the linden, which is one of
the softest of woods, gives the great-
est amount of heat. The value of other
woods in their order, as ascertained, is
as follows: “Fir with 0.99 heating
power; next follow the elm and pine
with 0.98: willow, chestnut and larch
with 0.97; maple and spruce fir with
0.96; black poplar with 0.95; alder and
white birch with 0.94 only; then conns
the hard oak with 0.92; the locust and
the white beech with 0.91, and the red
beech with 0.90. Hence hard wood
heats the least.” It is one of the re-
markable facts of the day that so many
theories that have been held for many
years are fast giving way before the
critical analyses of science.
SinfiiiK SplilfrA.
A naturalist who has given many
years of study to some of the smaller
forms of insect life has discovered that
certain sorts of spiders are possessed
of organs, for which there seems to le
no use save to create sound. They are
mostly used when the little creatures
are alarmed, although the opinion is
held by some that this is their means
of calling to their mates. Th* aij-m
idea, however, has some support in th*
case of the rattlesnake, whtrh is pro-
vided with the means of making Its
presence known whenever an enemy
approaches. Whether the posseasion
of organs for creating sound Is design-
ed merely as a protection or warning la
a point to which naturallata are glvlpff
carefui and ecthuaieetic a'.teaUow
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The Altus Plaindealer. (Altus, Okla.), Vol. 2, No. 4, Ed. 1 Thursday, July 21, 1898, newspaper, July 21, 1898; Altus, Oklahoma Territory. (https://gateway.okhistory.org/ark:/67531/metadc497853/m1/1/: accessed March 19, 2024), The Gateway to Oklahoma History, https://gateway.okhistory.org; crediting Oklahoma Historical Society.