Locating the Creamery,
l he keen competition In modern
outter making necessitates systema-
tised work. The minor details closely
allied, in this vocation, must be taken
mto consideration in order to lessen
'he cost of manufacturing butter and
at the same time to produce an im-
moved article. To do this we must
look for the most improved and eco-
nomical methods, take advantage of
all natural means, locate judiciously,
manage affairs on business principles,
*ud look for most convenient arrange-
ment. The latter is the easiest to ob-
ain and yet in glaucing over the
different factories that are in exist-
ence at the present time, we tind
'his point sadly neglected. There is
a need for better creamery buildings,
buildings that are more convenient in
.«riangement so that they can be kept
sanitary. In launching into this busi-
ness we must first look for a suitable
‘cation. The most necessary re-
quirement is to locate near tho center
a milk producing district, or rather
n a section of the country where the
people are naturally inclined toward
dairying. It is essential to have a
■sufficient number of cows to in-
■>ure enough milk to make a creamery
profitable. The total cost of running
i creamery and marketing the prod-
uct, including interest on the invest-
ment and provision for a sinking fund,
tught not to exceed 3*£ cents for
♦ very pound of butter made. Under
lavorable conditions this cost ought to
be reduced to 3 or even as low as IVfe
•outs. The smallest practical cream
J'y cannot be operated for less than
11 or $5 per day. It becomes evident
then that the dally product should be
over 150 pounds as a safe minimum
Consequently no creamery should be
put Into operation unless having con-
rrol or a promise of about 300 cows.
V reliable supply of good pure water
•s another requisite of great import-
ance. Cold water is advantageous In
**very respect and at the same time
saves Ice. The surroundings should
be such as to insure pure air with as
Mttle dust and direct exposure to sun
bght as possible. A lawn around the
•reamery with Borne trees and 9hrubs
will aid In purifying the air besides
making the surroundings more attract
>ve. A creamery should be located
within reasonable distance of some
shipping point, where the product cau
be marketed to the best advantage
end bo that the factor of transports-
'ion shall not enter in to offset the
profit.—Oscar Eif, Before Wisconsin
Buttermakers.
POULTRY
In Milk Testing.
So test, whether the Babcock or
-ome other will run itself. It must be
handled by a man not only honest, but
also competent. The test is acurate.
If everything connected with its mak
• ng is right. There are numerous
chlngs that need to be loooked after.
The milk, before tho sample is taken,
must be thoroughly mixed. This can-
not be done by merely stirring it
around. Such stirring may still leave
most of the cream in the upper part.
It must be mixed \>y pouring the milk
back and forth from one pail to an-
>ther. The temperature of the milk
being tested should be the same for
each sample. The acid must be exact
in quantity and uniform in strength.
\ failure at this point may give only
unreliable results. Then the speed of
<he machine should be that given in
the directions for making the test. A
'■>o low spend may give results below
'he truth. When the bottles are taken
irom the machine It Is well to put
them Into water at 150 degrees Fahr-
enheit, so that the fat will remain
liquid til! read.
A woman doesn't rare anything
about tho sliver linings of clouds If
her gown Is only silk-lined
Why the Woman Succeeds.
Women make the best and most
successful poultry raisers, though per-
haps not always the most keen trad-
ers when it comes to the buying and
selling of poultry and poultry prod-
ucts. But for the mere raising of birds
and bringing them to maturity she is
a success. It is partly because she
has the instincts of a mother and
see things that the man poultry rais-
er does not. Iu the first place she
makes a continual war on dirt and
lice. She abhors them in the poultry
house as she would in her own family.
SJie wages on these two public ene-
mies such a warfare that she conquers
them, and when she has won that vic-
tory she has gone a good way toward
success. For the most disastrous
things in the line of poultry pests are
dirt or lice. Some years ago the
Farmers Review sent out a large
number of inquiries to poultry raisers
asking what was tho greatest cause
of losses in the poultry business. The
replies that came back said lice, more
chicks being lost from lice than from
any other one cause. So we see that
the woman, in getting rid of the lice,
has removed the first great cause of
failure with chicks. The woman suc-
ceeds also because she takes infinite
pains with what she is trying to do.
She does not feel that she has'to do
everything on a wholesale scale—that
she has to have the houses cleaned
out once a month, “when they have
become dirty enough to make it an
object to clean them.” She has
enough care about their cleanly con-
dition to have them cleaned several
Umes a week, and sometimes she has
the work done every day. She watch-
es for the coming of the lice and does
not wait till there are a million or
more before discovering them. Under
such a condition It la not easy for
vermin to get a start, and without get-
ting a good start they cannot become
formidable. The woman also suc-
ceeds because she has an Interest In
the appearance of the premises. She
objects to delapidation in every form.
The old fence is whitewashed, the net-
ting is mended as soon as it gets a
hole in it, and the rat hole is stopped
up as soon as it is made. The win-
dows are so arranged that they will
dry the floors as well as give light
to tho poultry. These are some of tho
reasons why the woman succeeds ad-
mirably in the care of fowls.
Brown Leghorns as Layers.
From Farmers' Review:    In my
opinion Brown leghorns are the best
layers of all the hens and lay a large
egg, as they are bred to-day larger
than Plymouth Rock hens. I of
course breed in my pullet line tho
large sized 8. C. Brown leghorns and
not the small kind, as they did for
years back. They are easy to breed
and hatch well, and I can get about
as many chicks from 75 Brown Leg-
horn eggs as I can from 100 Plymouth
Rocks, and a Brown Leglioru lays well
for many years, while a Plymouth
Rock lessens it the second and third
year. I feed well cooked grain and
vegetables but this food does not fat-
ten them, while the larger breeds get
fat and a fat hen will not lay. My
experience Is that 1 can make more
money In raising eggs for market than
I can In raising poultry. To raise early
chicks for spring market is very ex-
pensive, and In the fall prices are too
low for any profit. The 8. C. Brown
Leghorn is a very stylish bird. It
pays to produce eggs for market and
the Leghorns will do tho Job. They
are called the egg machines, and so
they ure.— H. M. Moyer, Ilerkes Coun-
ty, Pennsylvania.
Drains in Orchards.
It is surprising to And so large a
rumber of orchards practically with-
out drainage of any kind. Too often
holes are dug in the sod and trees
stuck into them, the planter hoping
that kind Nature will make up for his
shortcomings. Sometimes she does,
but often she does not. The lack of
drainage at tho time of setting out
the trees often rosulu iu the almost
complete failure of the orchard if it
be on heavy land, ami such land is
preferable for orchards if it be well
drained. In the putting out of or-
chards tho drainage of the land
should have the first consideration.
This will be all the more necessary
if the land be level and with small
fall. Water then will run off very
slowly even with good drains. With-
out such drains water will renrniu
about the roots of the trees for days,
sometimes for weeks, preventing the
approach of air to the roots.
There arc thousands of full-grown
orchards that it would pay to drain
now’, though tho drains might have to
he put closer together than would
have been the case had they been
put in In the first place, for the rea-
son that it will he difficult to pulver-
ize the soil immediately around and
under the trees. The orchard that is
drained gets to growing earlier in tho
spring than otherwise, and this time
of growth counts for much when a
dry season follows it. If a tree lias
water logged roots It cannot grow till
that condition is changed. If that
change comes late In the spring, the
work of growth is shortened, espe
daily if a long dry time follows it.
The results may be very apparent in
both wood and fruit, though the
grower may not realize the cause.
Types of Hops.
The desirable type of hog should
hsve good length showing sides in-
clined to be flat. The ribs should be
sprung fairly well from the back, says
J. K. Brethour. You want a slightly
arched back. If you have a flat back
>ou have a fat pig. If you get a pig
hollow iu the back, you surely get the
fa» distributed away from the back
and filled in along the side. The idea Is
to get the flesh evenly distributed all
the way along, so that when the car-
cass Is dressed, It is not one-half fat.
1 he flesh should be firm, not hard
and stringy. In the latter case you
are likely to get a pig that is an old
on© held hack and not In proper
bloom. You want good hair without
the bristles being coarse. A curly
coat is not generally desirabie. Yon
usually get thicker hair with a curly
coat than with a straight one. The
desirable typo of hog is well covered
oier the loins, with smooth even
shoulders not wider than the loins;
neck not long, but muscular, without
crest of lat. The under line and up-
pci line should he parallel, showing
evenness of depth through heart and
■lacks. The hums should be nicely ta-
pered without bulging behind, indi-
cating a lean, fleshy ham, well down
to the hocks. The flesh should show
j no looseness or flabbiness about
I ttailks- bam or belly, the latter show-
! ing trim and straight underline. The
head should bo smooth not carrying
any superfluous fat about the jowls.
I he face should have an intelligent
expression with good breadth between
tbe eyes, showing well developed
skull.
Strawberry Beds.
It is a very good plan for the farm-
er, or the farmer's wife, to see that a
new strawbery bed is planted each
year. This is by all means the surest
way of getting a good strawberry
crop each year. A number of beds
will then be In existence at the same
time, and from some of them at least
a good supply of berries will be se-
cured. The old bods can be kept pro-
ductive for several years, but the
farmer Is very likely to let them go to
weeds, or, what is just as bad, get
too thick. When the old bed only is
to be retained, it should receive at
tention immediately after fruiting
time. The hoe should be put into use
and the rows narrowed up to a foot,
and some advise six Inches. The
space between the rows should lie j
turned over and pulverized. The
plants themselves should be thinned,
to permit the development of a com-
paratively few plants. It will also
pay to put on some manure each year
it the plants do not show an inclina-
tion to grow rank. Of course, too
much manure will produce great
plants at the expense of berries.
When trees are raised from seeds
there Is no certainty that the name
Identical variety will be reproduced.
Shade in Pastures.
From Farmers’ Review:    My pas
tures are large and In both of them
there is pleuty of shade, and when the
sun Is hot the cattle, horses and
sheep vlll keep close in the shade. I
do not believe that If It was not good
for them they would keep in the shade
but would lie in the sun. When the
weather Is very hot they keep close
under the shade, and when It gets
cooler they come forth and graze. If
my pastures had no shade I would
erect posts and cover with boards to
keep them front ths burning sun.—
J- H. Beime, Fond du Lac County,
Wisconsin.
Any person who buys a bottle of
hnlr realms* from a bald headed drug
gist has gmmne fsltb.
The Long Hog.
A ( anadian writer on swine says;
Some of us seem to think when we
see a pig stretching out and growing,
and uot getting fat, that it is an ex-
pensive feeder. But this is not neces-
sarily the case, it does not neces-
sarily cost a cent more to produce a
pound of gain In a pig of the right
bacon type than it does in any other
type. I have tried to prove it, but I
could not demonstrate that the bacon
type of hug is expensive to feed. I
find it is an economical producer of
bacon. There is no proof that it cost*
more to produce the bacon hog. If
you get the right type and have a
healthy, growthy. thrifty pig, that will
stretch out instead of getting fat aud
dumpy, you will have a hog that will
feed economically. There may be
some difference in regard to their
suitability for pen feeding and gra-
zing. I think some of the best gra
zers are the American breeds, and
possibly the Berkshires. That is my
experience so far as we have gone,
but we have not followed It up very
thoroughly yet.
Grasshopper “Drifting.”
1 he movements of grasshoppers are
of considerable Interest to farmers
that have fields likely to be devas-
tated by them. There seems to be a
difference as to causes in the East
and West determining direction. In
the West It has been observed that
ihese Insects advance against the
wind, when It is only a light breeze.
Tho drifting is therefore in the oppo-
site direction from that taken by a
boat driven by tho wind. The grass-
hopper evidently does not care in
whnt direction he Jumps. Hia jump
Is decided by his disinclination to
stand sideways to the wind Like a
weather vano he presents his sharp
cat point tc the wind. When he
Jumps it is in the same direction,
strange to say, in the East this same
custom has not been observed. The
insects do not seem to like the wind,
and If they find a depressed area will
accumulate In It In great swarma, de-
vouring every edible green thing.