The Eldorado Courier (Eldorado, Okla.), Vol. 12, No. 46, Ed. 1 Friday, June 19, 1914 Page: 3 of 8
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_llLi01A>ft OllA, COBUMi
tt HOT HTOCUIT 1
41 ti •
•sr?-
- Mm pHuiitli Itel m a
•*, i
■V ten Mly «. MM || n.
4 *f MiMO and pdMHUlpM
f— ■wMim* «MtecMr-M"
ma Lrod, Tsm UOL Pa.
•My.tov.ikM wkiek tk* iN»*niif«
•"•••• • to dWMl a*d IMtlklf OM
*•** W«ter »tem 11m coodiiioo el im
■wMt will Justify te
MS aaiure. Ilk* hNw wirt la
to •* tt to «»•«■* *»
Ito hmr 10 IN why k* skoold sac*
•Nlnminkukii apo* kto inn
oot of a nor* imiImm of loyalty to
ontorprto*. a. >r»
m* ke slmost loeritakly UkH k*s
grato to Ik* privately o«m4 tmticmrn.
Mto aeigkbora tfo the mm* aad tooo
tko cooperative oooMro to oo ike
rocks aad to abandoned. NoobMrvor
OT Americaa _ _
orads to ko toM tko oost atop. Th*
gmofcd. aad today I****. Ftekkmo'a
VfUbto Compound to rooo|>ito4
&s--——
IMMNIIIM
Wk*»o Fifty Thousand Mflu Nataiiti Tt tpirou.
EUROPE'S COOPERATIVE wwiff
Copeakagea, Denmark. — Cooper**
•too enterprises kav* revolutionised
agricultural Europe ud now dominate
,,r* of tk* ontlro continent
Wltkout cooperation
—- r—-- tko Belgtoa
tot wMck ko to; Oermany would not
Sm IU *«rto«ltural pom*.
kllltlM to tko point where ita komo-
•rowa food supply to m nearly self-
suOclent: Denmark would not be ex-
porttag atoty million doltora worth of
* tolrjr products In the world*
Ireland would not be toeing the future
with a kopefulneaa to whlck she kaa
OMn a atraager ever alnce her landa
woro Mnflacated aa a reault of tko
oorly wars.
Belgium hu 2300 rural organlra-
• membership of
•00,000. At Luralne we it* a single
federation of co-operative farmers'
league which represented a member-
ohlp of over 50.000 and did a business
mounting Into tho millions. In Ger-
many it is estimated that there are
thirty odd thousand cooperative so-
cietiea of various kinds and every so-
ciety, with true German thoroughness
of organization federated, affiliated
and associated until together they
form an industrial unit with a mem-
bership of over Ave million, in Den-
mark one out of every four inhabi-
tants belongs to a society engaged in
some co-operative activity. One man
will belong to eight or ten different
co-operative societies, each society
performing some necessary function
in the economic life of the individual.
Permeatea Danish Life.
To illustrate how co-operation per-
meates Danish rural life: At Freder-
lckssund while visiting the co-opera-
tive bacon factory we came in con-
tact with a little group of farmers and
their wives who were Inspecting-the
factory—the factory of which they
were part owners. Upon getting them
In conversation we discovered that in
that little group of 12 persons, 12 dif-
ferent co-operative organizations were
represented. These were a coopera-
tive bacon factory, a cooperative egg
export organization, a co-operative
store, an organisation for the cooper-
ative purchase of fertilizers; a coop-
erative fire Insurance society, a co-
operative life insurance society, a so-
ciety for the Insurance of animals,
another society for the Insurance of
members against sickness, a co-opera-
tive credit aociety, a farmers' water-
works company and an electrical sup-
ply company. All of these men and
women were from the farm and were
of tho ordinary type of farmers, neith-
er rich nor poor but a thoroughly rep-
resentative group. It is probable.
Judging from our Inquiries, that in
any grasp of a similar number would
have been found representatives of a
similar number of cooperative enter-
prises.
Ia Ireland wo found, that coopera-
tion. under tko leadership of Sir Hor-
aco Plunkett ably aeconded by Rev.
Thoaua A. Via lay. George W. Rus-
•*"» «od R. A. Aaderaon. has revolu
•Ionised rural Irstoad. la fact cooper
atioa aad tko opportunities wkick
kav* coma from tk* now toad tenure
law* km «*ii nigh remoulded tk*
Irish race tteetf. it to evMeat that la
»*ay ssitlsa* kte economic welfare
h** *Ma •» well Mrv*d that tk* IrtoO-
Baa to •**■ (wMg Mo pogBMlty. Ho
u »• toagu tots*sa*Hy "agta tk*
soveraMT kM to becoming
—- I —™ » ww we sen *Mp. tm
No oao can make snck a trip of la. I, ' owaed oooeera Immediately
mtlgatloa as wo ksv* mad* wltkout iHT*** I . prtc*' ^ to wkwo
•coming convinced tkat Into Amerl- '£ b' bU 099 ^
m rural llf* must oomo som* farm Z i' h* ^ H Practically Impoesi
VMtlgatloa
becoming <
can rural llf* must ^oao Mm* fornTof I 2 "! ^ ***** H Impcisl-
cooperatlve enterprise, if it coets as My otl,*r cooperative coo
U» in .rod JTS," ~r°„V u 1. tt.
tk* farm to tk* city consumer as it 2!
doM to produce It (aad this to aa ad- rop*** ®oep*«tlo« kM kad the
milled fact) It necesMrlly follows tkat I!*™.*. 11 WM originally
our dtotrlkutlvo system Is wonderfully 1bw* r°r ^o BuropMn farmer to real
wasteful. How long will tk* latelll-1 ,l rtoold aacrific* a limited
gent American farmer tolerate a ava- fmo,u,t of PtoMnt profit la order te
Iptondld Spool men ChMw
gent American farmer tolerat* a ava- of P»*oot profit la ord
tom wklck nets klm 25 to 60 nor cent den,OB,ttrBU loyalty to tke
of th« retail price of kls farm product 21*? *fd *° "®cur* «JMmata succom
after ke knows tkat the Danish termer 5 «ltusUon. however, no loogot
gets a little over ninety per cent -* f°^peraUon become
wkat tko consumer paya for hla prod-1 oetabllshed.
uct. As wo InvMUgate what is done Quality and Control.
abroad and what could be dono In .Another characterisUc common to
America ia the way of efficient dls- •" o»oP««*U»o organizations whlck
tributlon tho wonder grows that tho w* In theM four countries to
American farmer with bis Intelligence thmt wher» tho society to a marketing
and Independence and Initiative has concern Insists upon the highest
conMnted to be a victim of a distrlbu- q"*,Uy «" order to get it exerctoM
live system which has put him abso- ab,oh,t® control over the acts of It*
lutely In the bands of the commercial «o far m theM acts contrib-
fOKAfl »hfif (nla*.... L.. .. llf A tha Mn.ll» aI . - .
— vvuiiuerciBi
forces that Intervene between himself
snd the consumer. It Is no less as-
tonishing that tho more businesslike
and more commercialized city consum-
er should have so long consented to
pay a price to the distributor of farm
products which is over 100 per cent
above the producer's price.
Co-operation is coming to America.
Whether It will come in the exact
form in which it evidences Itself in
foreign lands or in some other differ
ent form is immaterial. It may not
come immediately but eventually and
inevitably the idea of cooperation will
prevail in the future agricultural and
commercial organizations of the Unit-
ed States.
Cooperative Lessons.
It Is safe to assume that Ireland,
Belgium. Germany, and Denmark have
learned some lessons from their many
years of cooperative endeavor. It is
safe to assume that if certain princi-
ples have been found to apply through-
out all these countries, then these prin-
ciples are at least worthy of care-
ful consideration for future use In
America
There are some points as to which
ail cooperative societies abroad are
the same. There are some as to
which they differ, as is but natural
when we consider the varying condi-
tions under which the various socie-
ties operate In the different countries.
We are of course primarily interested
in those fundamental characteristics
which are common to all.
Whenever a number of American
farmers gather together to consider
an organization which has to do with
mercantile or other financial enter-
prise. it Is but natural to talk about
profits and dividends. Their idea of
organization ia a Joint stock corpora-
tion ia which each man invests rack
money m he can spare, in which Mch
votes la proportion to the shares pur-
ute to the quality of tho product Such
a successful dairying institution m th*
Trlfolium dairy of Denmark kM most
rigid rules to which all members must
subscribe. There must bo monthly
Inspection by the veterinarians repre-
senting the society; a cow found to bo
unhealthy or defective must he with-
drawn; the slightest Illness on the
part of the cow must be reported and
the milk kept separate; detailed re-
quirements as to ventilation, cleanli-
ness, handling of milk and milk cans
must be observed; the milk of cows
which have not been inspected must
not be mingled with those which
have; milk must be cooled within one
hour sfter it is milked in order that
bacteriological growth may cease;
cans must be cleaned in a certain
way; In fact everything is done which
can be done to improve the quality of
the milk and the batter and other
products handled by the TrtfoHum
dairy.
Central AMoclation Needed.
Experience in these foreign coun-
tries has also demonstrated that no
local cooperative concern to sufficient
unto Itself. The manager of a co-
operative egg marketing Institution in
northwestern Ireland may know all
about poultry raising and egg produc-
tion, may be skilled In the art of pack-
ing bis eggs, and know something in
general about marketing. It to impos-
sible for him, isolated u he Is, to
know from day te day where there to a
demand for his prod&ct. As a result It
is found necessary in Ireland to have
these co-Operative concerns affiliated
with the Irish Wholesale Society, with
headquarters at Dublin.
Tho same principle exists la Ger-
many but is worked out in another
way. Tho necessity of federation to
recognised, however, la all countries
although tho way la whlck tk* local
organisations are affiliated into a cen-
tral organtoatloa varies under tk* coo-
T W. H. OMDICRWOOD.)
The raspberry can b* ckeaply grown;
wltk proper ear* and management tt
. f Mr# • w <»rn. Its period
of ripening covers a greater length of
tlae thaa any other small fruit, tost-
tog from four to five weeks if early,
■odium, and tote varieties are grown.
Any Mil that will produce 40 to 60
bosbeto of eon to the acre to suffl-
olently rich for raspberrtoe. The
«o«t cMentlal point to to secure a
toe. wen-pulverised Mil, la which the
*oots can grow b*low th* affects of dry
WMther.
The-more there are of the fine, or
working roots to each plant, the torg-
•* the growth, and the better will be
the crop. As theM roots require a
Ioom soil In which to work, it is never
»Mt to plant on ground that cannot
be thoroughly pulverised.
Plow the soil for a depth of about
•ix Inches, harrow it well and then
level it down smoothly with a roller.
Then mark It out by stretching a line
where the row to to be made, making
the rows eight feet apart.
Dig wedge-shaped holes with a long
narrow spade, by inserting It In a po-
sition about eight inches from the line
in such a position that the point will
reach almost under the line, then with-
draw it without removing any of the
soil, again Inserting It at the line near
ly perpendicular, so that the point will
reach the same place reached the first
time, removing the soil between the
two cuts, as you withdraw the spade
making the holes 2% feet apart.
Before they dry out set the plants,
holding them against the side of the
hole where the line Is with the left
hand, and draw the mellow Mil in with
the right, pressing it firmly.
Use only first-class tips^ covering the
roots three or four inches deep, which
prevents the bushes from being blown
over by heavy winds. I am confident
that more failures are due to the lack
of cultivation, than to any other cause
If the best results to be attained are
desired, a row of corn, potatoes, or
some garden crop should be grown in
every space betweea the rows the first
year, and the patch cultivated every
week or ten days, from the time they
are planted until the first of August
After the first year they should be
cultivated five or six times each sea-
son. I use only a five-toothed cultiva-
tor and horse-hoe in cultivating. Fbr
large bushes the handle of the culti-
vator can bo Mt over one side, thus
enabling tho shovels to ran m near
bu,h- « necMMry. I wrick tko
crooad from time to tins* m tko good
o'Jbo buskss requires
When tk* young ptonte are about
incbM high, thla out to oao caao
In eack hill. When the cane is about
W inches high. I pinch out th* bud.
This can be dono with tho thumb aad
fln*er, and will cause tko plants to
tbrow out laterals.
After plncklng out tk* bod, do no
more trimming until tke next spring.
Tken cut tke laterals bMk to about
eight iachM In length.
HINTS PICKED UP
IN THE OBCHABP
Set Trees Trifle Deeper Thani
They Stood in Nursery Row
—Avoid All Air Spaces.
(Br U M. BENNINGTON.)
In transplanting your trees set them
the same depth, or a trifle deeper
than they stood in the nursery row.
Sun-scald is death to trees. Val»
able young trees can be protected by
a cylinder of heavy paper; not much
trouble and It pays.
Of course, you will spray your trees
at least once, and perhaps twice this
spring, but how about your neighbor
who sprays not at all? How can you
protect yourself against the pests that
are driven from his orchard Into
yours?
Apple trees that have been long neg-
lected should not be pruned too se-
verely the first season. Too much sun
on branches that have always been
shaded will injure them.
It is not necessary to stosh away at
your trees every year. Prune Just
enough to keep them in shape and
prevent useless sprouts from rapping
the tree's strength.
Never chop off a limb that Is more
than one inch thick. Use a raw. Al-
ways leave a smooth surface on the
stub.
It Is all right to cultivate tome low-
growing crops between young trees
Early potatoes and early cabbage
would do well for thla sort of work.
When these are out of the way sow
clover as a cover crop for winter and
turn It under in the spring.
HANPORD>«
Balsam of Myuta
FcrC
1 —Tri.
Strain* Bunches, «
SiSShL.
•We Slice IMS.
Prie* 25c, 80s aad $1.00
MPeaters^a^.
Constipation
Vanishes Forever
Ptompt Relief—Permanent Cora
CARTER'S LITTLE
LIVER PILLS i
fail. Purely *
ble — act su*„
£L4£,Uiron
Stop after
dinner dis-.
tress—curei
indigestion,- < a* m
improve the complexion, brighten the eyea.
WALL PILL. SMALL DOSB, SMALL FftlCfc
Genuine most bear Signature
chased, and the main purpose of which """ «nee unaer to
to to *ara money and declare dlvl- of th* various countries,
deads. It to dlfiicult for him to con- Curop*'* Uoanlmwm Vsrtfict.
c«lv* of a commercial organlsatioa I Europe's cooperative
wk*M chief function to not to sqseeM
all tko profit tkora to o*t of *v*ry ac-
tivity.
Tra* cooperation is Impossible s*
idea of organisation to
"'Meal
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Thacker, John Riley. The Eldorado Courier (Eldorado, Okla.), Vol. 12, No. 46, Ed. 1 Friday, June 19, 1914, newspaper, June 19, 1914; Eldorado, Oklahoma. (https://gateway.okhistory.org/ark:/67531/metadc403520/m1/3/: accessed April 23, 2024), The Gateway to Oklahoma History, https://gateway.okhistory.org; crediting Oklahoma Historical Society.