The Duke Times (Duke, Okla.), Vol. 5, No. 10, Ed. 1 Friday, August 30, 1912 Page: 2 of 8
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fEEDER RACKS SAVE FODDER AND LABOR
»Kk, Which |«.| r Consider*!,* i*u*r
*
N(l»*4«r
racks (or ; M>lff**d*r rack* H n>ake* * aiB.f
KwghMg* la »l.r«.p or raiil* are not ,hr. ol *; rehia In Ihe ru*l •*««*.
•nl> (he ik MA* ol Mtlf.g cunaidwf lug r»(h 100 |«Mlbds of «r*lh Three
aMe UUir. bill, according io ,**t* >*...i,» »«ro *ecui«l on altaif* »aiu*d
*»p*rlm*nl «| |& p«r loo Willi » higher price
made ol ib* Colorado
MOtlfO, *fr til* (lira ti* Of Ul log O
*r«*t deal of boy on* lot of taint* ot
tbU »tailon w*re tad whole bay lo a
•elf feeder rack, and another lot
vbol* bay in rarha on lb* around.
•urh a* are In rotnniou u** In many
•actions of ib» country The avsrag*
gaiii of these i*u lota waa practically
the aotnr. the lut fmling froin tbo
Self li>«lrr averaging only on* pound
heavier than ibe other. aaya tbo
Anirrtran Agriculturist Also lb*
train consumed varied but little, be
Ug only nlna pouud* mora for a loft,
pound gain In the flraf lot tbau In
th* second. The graat aavlug cam« In
the cost of roughage
The lot eating from the self feeder
consumed 601 pound* of bay for each
100 pounds of gain, and tboae eating
off th* ground consumed 733 pound*
of hay for each !<»«» pound* of gain
This Indicate* a difference of prac-
tlcally 20 per cent. In favor of the
the difference Mould bo ruffes pun#
li»*ly greatay
The** »elf feeding racka coal II per
running foot completed Tbey bad the
ordinary capacity of four latwba per
running fool, two on each aide, not •«
much a pa co being required at a
•elf-feeder aa at an ordinary rack,
•luce all Ibe lamba *111 not eat at
on* time A* already ataled, lb* aav
!ng In iblt one eaperltuent amounted
lo 13 cenia |>er |o«» pound* of gain
Tbla la equal to about 14 cenia on
cacb lamb Counting four lamba per
jay for Itaelf
though
feeder I*
chopped bay better reaulia may be se-
cured from It than have hitherto been
poaaible. by reducing the wn*te cauaed
by wind.
IMPORTANCE OF WATER FOR DAIRY COWS
ftOME
ATowi .
» helm
PUT THE SCHOOL YARD FIRST
( Troth lo Wrtte'a Crllic'sm Of
CommoMiiiet* Metnotfa in
America.
HARD FOR THE
HOUSEWIFE
|i • bard *o»ugb la k«»p booao If
Hi poifart tralib but * auaw* <*bo
lo ««ok. il**4 aod *oac(ii>g ail of
ibe titu« wch *| acbtog back baa «
bee** burden IO HUTf. All woman
la I hi* .. udition baa good r^tiaoio
•oaprt-l kl<io*y Ifooblo. r*|'*rtali» If
Ibe kid,"-* anion •«*»»• 4t»ur4*-r*4
at all liuab* Kldn«r 1111* b*«o
roi*d ibou*ai>d* of women *u0citn«
In ibiaway HI* ibo br*< f*. om-
lorndrd *i<*rtal kidney remedy.
A M«e«K Pakola Cm*
VI «M**" * lta* .
tk4i>*h*«m
*•<*».* a*4 l
*wit >4 MM
e* ae*M**i »t
lb* bl4**y
• muM Hi
l*M>* >MI»»*
a*-4 «.«#e a*4 I
tnjeymeni tar Dairy Htii
»V|LB
tavzi arc
i «*• • ,
Gel Doaa't at gay Drag Star*. Mr. • Bet
Donn's "KuT
KEY TO SUCCESS
ON DAIRY FARM
If II taero not paibeile one could
wall laugh lo ae« bo* fooluhly tbo
average email lowa aod rural com-
woolly eapeo4a lla lime and mooey
upon outdoor oraameniailuo »e-
quenily ibo oaly well cared for apot
la ibe remoiery, Ibe abode of ibo
dead—pact all eartbly belp Tbo
Water that la ai ibo lemperatau* Heatber, yoi Iboy abouH be gl»*a acbool yard, where character la formed
•f melting Ice ahoold n«»t be given tu'wbal tbey need, aaow will not take gnd l*»tlng impreaalona a re made, la
anlmala and e*p«K-ially lo milk row* the place of water aa bare aa a paved aireei. }>um no
Mm h of ibe falling off of milk aa< rii«-<t H»w* wlib young pig* ah»uld be giv< gigndpoini may any lenablo arguuient
to cold weather la properly due t» cn warm millfeeo atop fold elop It bo mad* Ibai ibo dead are entitled
giving cow* cold water io drink. A!l not an economical food for boga i.» creator conalderailon or belter aur.
•lock ahouid bo watered lw!ce a day Poultry will drink aeveral lime* a rounding* than our children, who aro
Tbo water from a d«*p well la com- day. Kipert breeder* give fiwably but clay In the band* of the parent
parailvely warm and jual the right pumped well water In clean ve***la potter. Ho who carea property for
tunning foot, ihl* would mak# a *av temj-rature for iho caillo. Tbo wa twlr* a day. T»»« water trough In the the living la never lacking In reaooct
ing on one aeaaon a operation* of M t*r ahouid be pumped Imo a long »ard ahouid havo an underground for tboae who have paa*ed away
cent*. In other worda. the rack would trough and after the catlle have drank dr*ln to carry iff the balance of wa Another fact ha* often imxxled tb« u n
Ji«y for Itaelf In two >ear* ll I* all they want, iho balance of the water ter la the trough after tbo cgtt!# have writer- to »ea a community making would
bought that when a type of aelf. gbould be draw. off. Hor^g ahouid Rnlahai drinking Tbla la the only .ffon* to rl. a fu i to pu^chH^ Zlm.
developed for handling naver bo give,, ic^oold water, a. It la way to keep tk# trough and ground and ornaa?ntapubllc MuarTwheJ
llabta to produce colic and other atom around the tn.ugh free from Ice. An ,b.|r dlatrlct achool yard, of equal A great majority of rammer in. *r»
ach trouble* |, > barnyard la dangcroua to mart * In dlmenalon*. waa entirely bare of tree* «" «al*rla In rappre^ed form. U»
sheep drink very little water In cold foal or cowg In calf. or nlanta la it not at ran*., thai ii« »'<-«dacb«-» *r* but iwo gymp>
.11. , , , , V ! "XIWSK era.tl.-aie. the Malark
■ - only plat In a dlatrlct In which all germ and lone, up th* euilr* *y»ietu.
have common ownerahlp ahouid be tbo
Unmanageable.
Hbe ran )ou manage a typewriter?
lla—No. I married one.
If It were not for the truat* whom
man who falla In bualneaa
blame for It?
More Con be Accomplished When
F.rmtr and Anlmala are
Care-Free and Con-
tented tn Mlud.
BATS OF VALUE
TO THE FARMER
CURING COW PEA HAY'FEE0,NB values of grains
1 ■ tbo community? No plaualble excuao
Comblngllon of Corn and Clover Will
Make Mo«t Economical Feed—
Not as Easily Done as With the i Fe"
(By B. L. OUTNAM.)
The dairyman who la looking for
reaulta will not allow the dog or the
Beside* Destroying Mosoultoe*
and Other Noxious Insect*
Guano Deposlta
Are Hub.
Clover Crop.
Vlnee Contain Great Surplue of Water
and Tbla Muat Be Taken Out by
the Sun Before Hay la Bulked
—Good Plan ia Given.
<B>- H. W. HEN8HAW. Chief Hlol 'R*lraJ
Survey, Dtpartment of Agriculture.)
There la no doubt of the great value
amall boy to worry his cowa. He of bata In the destruction of inosqul-
knowa that If he wants a well filled I toes and other noxious Insects, eape-
pall they muat not be frightened but daily beetlea. For years we have been
kept quiet and content. Interested In the subject and have ex- Pea hay is as easilv cured as clover.
The grower of beef cattle fa aura | amlned many bat stomachs, with a but I have not found this to be the
CBy H. F. GRINSTEAD. Missouri.)
Some of the overzealous claim that
to weed out the one that Is continual-
ly bawling, wljen It ahouid be grazing,
for the simple reason that there Is
more waste than gain of adipose tis-
aue at such a time. The stock con-
tent to feed upon the good pasture
•t hand rather than busy themselves
trying to break Into forbidden fields,
poaalbly not nearly as good, are the
ones that make the most gain In
weight.
The hen that Is dogged every time
ahe finds a nice soft place to scratch
1s not the one that makes the best
egg record. She may be hard on the
garden, but a good fence would easily
fix that. Do not discourage her nat-
ural efforts and then expect her to do
her best for you.
The horse that Is compelled to fight
Jlie3 continually cannot get In a full
day's work, or at least If it does there
a less in stamina, which eventually
tells on the life work of the animal
Neither can it do Its best with an 111-
fltting harness. The horse that
comfortable and in good spirits is the
one which makes the record.
A flock of sheep harassed by dogs
aoon show the trouble in their general
condition as surely as in their manner.
Fleetness of foot Is not one of the
characteristics of the animal and when
this is enforced as a means of preser-
vation it is to the detriment of the
flock.
The farmer and his family, as well
as his stock, accomplish more when
care-free and in a happy turn of
mind. All nature is fresh and cheer-
ful. It is profitable for us to be like-
wise!
view to finding out the precise epecica case.
upon which the different bats feed. To be sure, one should not be dis-
The Investigation, however. Is beset ' couraged from growing peas on ac-
wlth difficulties owing to the fact that count of the difficulty of curing the
bata habitually seem to thoroughly 1 hay, for the extra labor in curing the
chew their Insect food before ewal- hay is amply repaid in the superior
lowing it, with the result that the do- ' quality of feed.
termination even of general lnsecta | Pea vines contain a great surplus of
taken for food is very difficult, whila 1 water, and this muat be cured out by
tne identification of aoft-bodied Insect# the sun before the hay is bulked. It
like mosquitoes is practically impos- is best to let it lie on the ground as
Because they destroy ao many long as possible without injury, then
insects we advocate the protection of
bats wherever they occur.
^ None of the species that Inhabit the
United States do any harm, although
they Bometlmea cause annoyance by
congregating in large numbers in the
attics or under the eaves of country
hoiusaa. when the noise they make
coming and going frequently disturba
the inmates of the house. This trouble,
however, can always be easily cured
by stopping up the holes and compel-
ing the bats to take up their residence
elsewhere.
In connection with the economic im-
portance of bats the value of their
guano as a fertilizer is not to be over-
looked, as it brings a high price wher-
ever it can be obtained in marketable
quantities. In fact, the erection of
artificial shelters for bats for the pur- j
pose of obtaining the guano has fre- '
quently been advocated, as also has j
an attempt to increase the number of J
the mammals, having in mind their
destruction of noxious insects, espe- j
cially mosquitoes.
put into the shocks.
It must be handled as much as pos-
sible in the early morning, while the
(laiied on Ihe average farm price of
feed* for ibe la*t ten years, oat* ara
wort1' -n the fitrm 119.37 per ton. and
have .i ling value of 121.10; barley
1* worth 117.50 per ton, and has a
feeding value of $21.98; com la worth
$13.63 per ton. and baa a feeding
value of $22.66. In other word*, at
the average farm price, a dollar'a
worth of feed In oata costs 92 centa;
In barley, 80 centa; and In corn. 66
cents. The feeding value la figured
on the basis of bran at $20 per ton.
On this aame baals. a dollars' worth
of food nutriments could be supplied
In clover hay for 40 cents; In fodder
corn 67 cents; and In timothy hay for
•0 cents; lnensllage for 78 cents.
In view of the above facts, It Is
plain that a combination of corn and
clover will make a most economical
feed.
can be given for sucb a condition—It
coNts but little to gel started right.
Almost, every oue In the district can
spare a plant or easily-grown cuttings
of the hardier plants. Get started on
the right plan and do not lenve too
much to the teacher, who Is apt to
be changed every year; the work
must be carried out under the super-
vision of permanent residents. Have
plenty of room in the school yards
and put It to a beneficial use. We do-
plore the fact that the United States
Is absolutely behind every other civ-
ilized country In the embellishment of
school grounds.—Los Angeles Times.
Fitting Crime.
He—I know who egged you on to
tbls.
She—Who egged me on?
He—That old hen.
Accounted Tor.
"How is It so many people seem
able to get the money to buy autnmo
biles with?"
"If you only notice, they are the eas-
iest things in the world with which to
raise the dust."
the
points about the fountain
Economy Is Wealth.
Harvesting Cow Peas.
dew Is on, in order to prevent the scat-
tering of the leaves, which are the
most valuable part of the plant.
If one has a large barn fthere there
is a good circulation of air, the hay
may be put there even before It is
thoroughly cured, provided It is not
bulked in large quantities.
It is not possible to stack pea hay
Excellent Rules to Be Observed by
Those Thinking About 8ettlng Up
One of These Ornaments.
A fountain should be a garden orna- i
ment; a statement that needs to be <
kept In mind, for almost every one ;
knows of fountains that are neither
garden ornaments nor ornamental in
themselves. A very excellent rule is 1
The Swiss set an example. "Nothing j never to set up a fountain unless It is
Wasted Makes Wealth," which we may I good and beautiful in itself, and fills a
imitate with profit. In this rocky land ( definite place in the garden scheme. |
nothing is wasted. Even the count- Do not, in any event, use it simply !
less wild flowers are faithfully gleaned because It happens to be handy. Fall-
byv the bees for the nectar and while ing water is always beautiful, and the
the Y°Ioni«8 average less than 50 function of a fountain is to Introduce
pouJds apiece, it represents almost falling water into the garden—a result
<>W*rely a surplus without extra j that is not the less true because it
Brbor aggregating $2,500,000 annually, must first be projected upward before
Every farm home may support from It can come down. Everything in this
two to ten swarms with almost as lit- device should look toward beauty. The
tie expenditure. Figure out for your- fountain itself should be good to look
self how much we lose by not doing It i upon, whether it be a simple vase, a
fish, bird or human figure. The more
Water for Pigs. , complicated the device the more diffi-
" ! cult the artistic problems involved;
Pigs like a drink of pure water once , '*°r the human figure Is of all subjects,
or twice a day in summer. We some- most difficult for the artist. If hu-
times forget that a hog wants some fma" ^®ures are used, they must be
real thirst-quenching drink sometimes ^e11 done' or 11 would be better t°
that has no gruel, grain, or dishwater j b,reak UP the fountain and discard it
in it. As to dish water, It has very ; ®'t06ether. The water part must also
little value above water, and unless arranged, and adapted in vol-
bran or middlings are mixed In it, is ume and in form to the structure of
Job Not Satisfactory.
"I'm a self-made man,'* said
proud Individual.
"Well, you are all right except as to
your head," commented the listener.
"How's that?"
"The part you talk with Is too bis
for the part you think with."
Instinctive.
"So you took your wife to the base-
ball game?"
"Yes," replied Mr. Meekton.
"Did she enjoy it?"
"Only part of It She thought they
wasted a great deal of titne running:
around the lot, but she thought the ar-
guments with the umpire were quite
interesting."—Washington Star.
Moving Pictures Popular.
In a recent number of the Daily
Consular Reports are collected memo-
randa from cities and towns in vari-
ous distant parts of the world showing
the universal quality of the popular
interest which the moving pictures
excite. England. Japan, Turkey, Mex-
ico, India, Australia and the Islands
of the sea all have the same story to
tell; wherever the cinematograph
goes it finds an instant and sustained
welcome.
CULTIVATE IN
CELERY PATCH
Work Should Besrln After Plants
are Well Started In July-
Keep Soil Out of
Plant.
After the celery plants are well
started in July, commence to culti-
vate. It is much better to give a shal-
low cultivation rather than deeper
ones, as the roots of celery grow quite
near the surface, and cultivating two
Inches deep will accomplish just as
much as four inches, provided, of
course, that the ground is cultivated
often enough to keep a mulch of
loose soil. When the plants have at-
tained a height of about ten inches
blanching ruay be started.
Usually the plants will be quite
spreading, and they should be first
gathered together, and held in place
with one hand, while the soli la drawn
to them with a hoe in the other hand.
Care should be exercised that no soil
gets into the heart of the plant. This
la likely to cause the plant to rot
Hilling should not be done when the
igroond is dry enough to crumble. If
4cne when the soil la wet the planta
are liable to rust On a amall acale
celery may be blanched by putting
boards I Inch thick and 2 to 14 Inchea
wide on each *ld* of the row and Ail-
ing the apece around the plants with
isawdnat or soil.
We know of at least one Instance, i lD the ?en With, any degree of suc'
in Mexico, where a small dwelling was
given up to the exclusive use of bats
for the purpose of annually or semi-
annually gathering the guano for sale.
SECURE FERTILE
HATCHING EGGS
Time Required After Introduction
of Male Into Breeding Pen
Varies From Four to
Seven Days.
The Maryland station recently made
a test to determine the time required
for eggs to become fertile after a male
has been add'd to the breeding pen.
Twenty single comb White Leghorns,
housed without runs, were kept from
the male birds for three months. A
cockerel of the same variety was add-
ed, and on the fourth day following
ten eggs were laid, seven of which
were fertile.
In another test, using eighteen
Rhode Island Red pullets and one
White Plymouth Rock cockerel, four
egga were laid on the seventh day. and
all were fertile, six laid on the eighth
day. three being fertile. In another
test, using a pen of the aame breeds,
eight eggs were laid on the eighth day
all being fertile.
These testa, while not conclaalve,
seem to indicate that It la safe to save
eggs for hatching from a pen of Leg-
horn hens after the male bird caa
been In four <taye. In the raae of the
larger or Ihe general purpoae fowl, tbe
results *how that poaalbly a lofiger
period ahouid be allowed to tap*e
Mo« Pa at urea. s^vea days being the tlm* In this In
A good pasture for boga la on* stance where tbe Rhode Ialand R~l.
-which la tender and nntrl lv* Blue are need It la poaaible. homer.,
fraaa makes a good paatarw daring 'be ' tbe oroe*iti« of the breed* may have
cess unless special preparations are
made.
In Texas, where a great deal of this
! popular forage is grown, It is stacked
j in the field by setting four posts in
j the ground, making a square 12 feet
across.
! The cured hay is stacked between
; these till about four feet deep, then
; four strong poles are spiked or wired
j to the posts and several other poles
I laid across, these making a platform
: that will hold another layer of hay,
when the same process Is repeated till
the top of the posts is reached, all be-
ing covered with grass hay of some
kind to keep dry.
In this way the hay will settle, leav-
ing an air space where the poles are
laid across. The stack may be made
smaller than 12 feet if desired, and
where there is not much in bulk it
may be stacked before being perfectly
dry.
Never bale pea hay from a barn un-
less it has had a month in which to
cure. It will mold easily and be
worthless but when cured properly
cannot be beaten, even by clover or
alfalfa.
usually a villainous mess to
prime pork or bacon out of.
make
the fountain. Finally, it must be so
placed as to harmonize with the gar-
den scheme.
In order to have good-sized sheep
grow them rapidly while oung.
The Madonna Lily.
Remember to start this August bulbs
of the Madonna lily, a beautiful plant
which should adorn every garden. It
Is not generally grown, perhaps, be-
cause of the necessity of starting the
bulbs in the late summer.
The soil should be fairly good, in-
Child's Fear of the Dark.
If mothers notice that the brains or
their little ones conjure up uncanny
sights and thoughts from the shadows
of a room more or less dark, let the
light burn brightly. To force a child
to become accustomed to the darkness
is a grave error, if its nervous system
is so organized that this forcing is
productive of a fright
The nervous system of a child is a
very susceptible organization and the
deleterious impressions made upon it
will often make their influence felt
throughout its whole afterlife. If the
child asks for a light under such cir-
cumstances do not refuse It.
It is important that some grain be clined to dampness, but well drained!
fed Pigs intended for the market.
"No foot, no horse." It won't take
long for an ignorant shoer to ruin the
best foot.
Fine corn meal for the skim milk
calf is a good substitute for the more
expensive oil meal.
The ground should be worked over a
foot deep, and if it is poor manure
should be worked in below where the
bulbs are to be placed. The bulbs
should not come in contact with the
manure.
n. . ., , , i The bulbs should be planted at least
To double the amount of milk per four incheg d an/ b
>ra onH /»nt fho onof r\f mill/ nm/Ino. , -
then be covered with a light layer of
manure. Considerable growth will be
made in the fall and the following
spring or early summer will produce
beautiful fragrant white flowers on
etalks three or four feet in height.
After flowering the plant dies to
the ground and remains dormant un-
I til beginning its new growth late In
I the summer. An established clump
■bould not be disturbed until the
acre and cut the cost of milk produe
tion in two—build a silo.
Feeding chicks, when too young and
to6 much at a time are fruitful
sources of bowel trouble.
The heifer bred too early always re-
mains stunted in growth and her milk
flow is shortened for all time.
The man with five cows and a sep-
arator is better off than his neighbor
with eight cows and no machine
WELL PEOPLE TOO
Wiae Doctor Gives Postum to Con-
valeacents.
A wise doctor tries to give nature Its
best chance by saving the little
strength of the already exhausted pa-
tient, and building up wasted energy
with simple but powerful nourish-
ment.
"Five years ago," writes a doctor
"I commenced fj use Postum in my
own family instead of coffee." (It's
a well-known fact that tea is just as
injurious as coffee because it contains
caffeine, the same drug found in cof-
fee.) "I was so well pleased with the
results that I had two grocers place
It In stock, guaranteeing its sale.
"I then commenced to recommend it
to my patients in place of coffee, as a
nutritious beverage. The consequence
Water the Berry Garden.
Those who have supply water tanks
and a windmill may find it to their ad-
vantage and profit to pipe water to
the berry garden ao aa to irrigate if
need be. Many a berry crop driea up
without maturing because of tack of
moisture at tbe right time.
Agricultural Contentment.
It is a good plan to make the nest ; ™ ^ 7o Xw signs o weak ; *Very s,or" ,n t0*'n
ittoms of poultry wire. That makes j ° *eak it, as it haB become a household ne-
ff tbe farm Is stocked well
well bred rattle, horaea. hogs
•beer and alckneea does not afflict Ms
ffcmlly and hi* home la adorned with
bottoms of poultry
them easy to clean and a poor harbor
for mites and lice.
Hardly necessary, is it to speak of
tbose fly screens? Of course, you
have had them in long ago. And bow
about that near-by manure pile?
To keep a barrel, doing service aa
a brood coop, from rolling off the
wet ground lay on two pieces of 2 by
4s and nail It on through the staves.
Tbe flavor of BarUett peara la tiner
If tbey are gathered before they
mellow and are laid on a dry floor,
with j beneath a blanket or other covering,
and ' to complete the ripening process
The cow ge«* up on her hind fee*
first, her head down Fbr tbla
ness or disease. This condition may
1 not develop for many years, and when
It does another clump should be start-
ed In a new location.
Weeds In Lawns.
Aaide from dandelions, plantain and
noxious grasaea. the greater number
of common weeds may be kept out of
lawns by frequent mowings. In new
lawns nothing more encouragea graaa
or dlscooragea weed* than cloae clip-
ping aa often as there la aufflcient
growth for tbe machine bladea to
catch. To be aure. there are weeds
that thrive splendidly order the treat-
meat oat lined, and we must get down
on ear knee* and pull them owt by
airing and tate fall Rye and blue ~«Bethlng to do with tbe taMer^ I and hooka, the the manger aboard be low and tbe V^wo ^.
*raes make a Hltle winter paetur* rtod. | tmrm*r las every element erf aortal row allowed enough fredom I. her ,,ITTZL . ^ UwC -
become a household ne-
! cessity In many homes.
"I'm sure I prescribe Postum f>s oft-
en as any one remedy in the Materia
Medica—In almost every case of lndi-
gection and nervousness I treat, and
with the best results.
"When I once Introduce It into a
family, it is quite sure to remain. I
shall continue to use it and prescribe
It in families where I practice.
"In eonvalearenoe from pneumonia,
typhoid fever and other caaea I give
It aa a liquid, easily absorbed diet.
You may use my |e,ter aa a reference
any way yon see fit." Name given by
IV*,on Co, Battle Creek. Mich
Read "The Road to WelSrfHe." la
pkjts. "There'a a reason "
I Intellectual <
. stall ao that abe can rise with <
weeding" Bat then
. Worth all It costa.
ktlrrf A i
ie* rna ikw «• ihMs. 1
«*w*t a*d fwn of ka<
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The Duke Times (Duke, Okla.), Vol. 5, No. 10, Ed. 1 Friday, August 30, 1912, newspaper, August 30, 1912; Duke, Oklahoma. (https://gateway.okhistory.org/ark:/67531/metadc403147/m1/2/: accessed April 25, 2024), The Gateway to Oklahoma History, https://gateway.okhistory.org; crediting Oklahoma Historical Society.