The Eldorado Courier (Eldorado, Okla.), Vol. 14, No. 11, Ed. 1 Friday, October 13, 1916 Page: 3 of 10
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r
"tom#
"farmers
OWE to ihe
DEE#
Colonies of honey makers
necessary to fruit raising
because they ape the chief
fertilizing agent: : And
there can be nothing more
tempting than hot biscuit
and honey for breakfast
on a crisp winter morning
CASE MUST BE USED M PACXM8 APPLES
By RODENT H. MOULTO*.
■ i ^ IMMKM la an* )u«t
|W rolllllIK IU friilll* ihe drill ttblrh
tlirj u»* to Ihe lumey leu, ll
till* Itini |m II Ulldera|»*sl, of
cottrw. thai itii* l»u»> lull* In*
Nxl fertllj/ew the bli'«"ilil« of «p>
l>lf nnil uiher fruli tw» and «»
lwl|t» In Increase tli«» «To|i. yet
th« bea ttti« seldom l»*n rrwliiwl
with doing m> mui'li good it* la
actually (be case. Indeed. In
times |mi*i some frail growers
tin % v sought to get rid of ih»
on the Kniuwl Ihnl they damage Ihr rl|io
fruit. The crop so quickly ilmMiwil in slxe. how-
**«. that the frail men were glad pimucb to
toilv«* the bee* back again. There In a «cll-ea-
tubllxhiil Mlef that !««••> puncture erupt* In or-
<It lo extract the wifi Juice. but the futlncjr of
(hid belief ban been proved beyond M doubl. Itlpe
frail ha* been placed Inside a bwMvt, with thou-
sand* of the insects present. but It tins not been
molested. it |h true that If hornet* or bird* make
tooles In »rm|M-*t pear* or other rl|H- fralt. the bees
will feed on the Juice u-hlch I* exuded. In point
11 of fact, the Jaw* of the honey bee tire *o made
that It would be uuable to bite Into or otherwise
make hole* In frail, even If It had n will to do so.
Orchard* In which bee* nre present In large
numbers are uhnoMt always much more productive
than those In which only a few bee* are to be
found and ninny apple growers are now es-
tablishing apiaries In or near their orchards. It U
not necessary to have the hive* actually under the
tree* and It may be better to have them In an ad-
joining Held If the orchard 1* to be cultivated, a*
otherwise the hives might be In the way and the
horses stung. Bee* seem lo have an Instinctive
dislike for horse* and will even attack Ihe bee-
keeper sometimes If he start* to work In he bee
yard when the odor of horse* Is upon hi* clothing.
Jleekeeplng Is not to be recommended to hostler*.
To the orclmrdlst the honey ar.d wax which he
gets from his bees are merely by-products. An
extra yield In fruit Is what lie Is after. And he
«rcts It. as may be judged from an Instance cited
»y one of the state experiment stations. It seems
lat two orchards situated In the same part of
the country were cultivated in exactly the same
manner and had the same kinds of trees. Yet one
was prolific and the other a fnllure. When the
experiment station was appealed to, the trouble
•was diagnosed as a lack of bees to pollinate the
flowers. "You are wrong." the answer was flashed
back, "for there are no bees In either orchard."
The Inspector was not convinced, however, and
after a search he found a very strong colony of
bees in 11 fallen log In one corner of the bearing
orchard. Bee.s were immediately Installed In the
other orchard by the owner, and ns a result he
netted nearly $4,000 the next season—pretty good
interest on an investment of $15 or $U0 In bees.
Most people do not know that an apple blossom
requires to be fertilized several times In order
to produce the best fruit, I/ut this is a fact. More-
over, tile blossoms of heme trees must be pollinixed
from another source If fruit Is to be set. The
work is done largely by honey bees, although wild
bees and other insects help out to some extent.
Once, as a test case, 2.5S6 apple blossoms were
covered in order to keep the bees away, and only
three apples matured. Of course, the bee does not
f»o|IInize the blossoms purposely. She is in search
tVrtM|«i || l» w
lm« iimtM* itmt ib» f
lit* MfcltM
hlb>ll<4i* wM.b bar* MTV-mi
#"l alto by* Uanl by iii) Ml
brra are frtob-ryd aurjr.i
II*. TVn> ar# ih* •«*»
w* not kiisitir af Um**,
atNiitf «rry -«. bm iiwj
flr'iiT nyi| i)» tint rtefi win
«>%|M rtruird I* ekee|« r leal
without making iheii» ung
!•>«-« are luuib gsfttler th*
ll I* a ipmm| plan In Itlll ih
I
SWAM
-XH/Y/ZS ATA JTA7£ AftAJlY OZrtOftJr/iATJO/1
jauuxwMrc/a* cr**A*ifj£*ArmtiiM4
•<«• i« ha ti Ma to 4mm In »"»«>
b'»*>aa— abrf* »ir»»l*i>it« ar* gtnnu t-+
l*M* are iM Ibr ftatl Is always MiMla|a«. M
ilia -lairr unmlwoiM *>ii fur a iMIw a* i«« a
tint!
•ttbnat (utiiiu latMr
«« «f «aiar by •pray
•>f ih* ntaaiWM« rt
•luoally gl*», ttVim b
train, toil a baa ll is iba
•ngiy tractable and ■W
n»a> *r >itina »i iwim
CRA0IN0 ANO PACKING APPLES IN OHOMAltO.
tamer*. t> •« Ft rf. a b"
lie leswl. I bey may be
are loured lo Ihe r»|a
iea. And. of nmrw. an
Ih>» to handle liwa
ry. 1'urtliertii'ire, ~.iii»
>u other*. Many lima*
e qiii-rn in a rr»<** iuI
of nectar from which to make honey, but all un-
consciously she brushes the pollen from one flower
and carries it along to another, thus carrying on
her part of nature's plan. The value derived from
the cross fertilization of blossoms In this way Is
probably much greater than that of all the honey
and wax made by the sum total of all the bees in
tile country.
It Is practically Impossible to grow cucumbers
In the greetdiouse unless bees are depended upon
to fertilize the blossoms, nnd so the market gar-
deners ure obliged to yield tribute to this useful
Insect. Even In the dead of winter, with snow
drifts six feet high outside, thousands of bees are
to be found flying around In the greut glass houses
where cucumbers are produced for the exclusive
winter trade. It Is true that" the bees get but lit-
tle nectar from the blossoms and have to be fed
oil sugar sirup, but they accomplish the purpose
of transferring pollen from one flower to another.
Of course this work might be done artiiiclally.
'That is, a man might go from one blossom to an-
other with a small brush and truusfer the pollen,
but the process would be tedious and too expen-
Our Opportunity In Latin America
By JOHN BARRETT, In the Review of Reviews.
These are the times when everybody should
be studying the twenty American republics lying
south of the United States. These are the days
of unprecedented and legitimate opportunity In
I,atin America for the commercial and financial
Interests of this country. This present year
should be the beginning of a new epoch In the
material, social nnd political relations of North
and South America.
The next ten years are going to be "all Ameri-
can" years. All America Is to attract the atten-
tion of all Americans. This new development Is
Inevitable. The cunse Is found In the natural
wealth, resources nnd potentialities of Central
nnd South Americn. their nctual commerce and
trade, their remarkable progress during recent
3curs, together with the uticenslng propngandn
of the Pnn-Amerlcnn union, which was at first
even ridiculed and little appreciated, bat Is now
generally valued and recognised. The occasion
af this new Interest at this moment I* the Euro-
pean war nnd the emphasis It has placed upon
the geographical segregation nnd commercial soli-
darity of the nation* of the western hemisphere.
Consider I-atin America in any phase one pre-
♦era. and It I* worthy of keen Interest- Let u*
flr«t l«M.k nt II geogrniMcnlly nnd physically. We
in* i\»<*nty eountri*** rans'ng In area from little
Salra<*>r. *Hh le*s» lhan 8.000 aquare mllea, «*
tanni'T tlirn Vermont, op lo mlrbty Brazil, with
square anile-*, or greater than Ihe I'nlted
JMa'e* proper with Great Britain thrown la I la
all, they spread over nearly 9,000.000 squnre miles,
or three times the connected area of the United
States! They contain mountnlns higher, rivers
longer nnd more navigable, valleys wider and
more fertile, nnd climates more varied than those
of the United States.
Noting the |>opuInt!on, we find thnt Costa Rica .
starts the small end of the list with 400.000 In-
habitants, and Brazil tops It with 20.000,000. All
Latin- America supports today approximately a
population of 75.000,000, which Is increasing by
reproduction faster than Is the population of the
United States. When the new emigration from
Europe starts In after the war. and when the
Panama canal Is in full use by the shipping of a
peaceful Europe, this total may soon overtake and
pass that of the big sister nation of North Amer-
ica.
We are almost nstonished by the figure* of
Latin-American commerce. They mnke us respect
many of the southern republics and peoples, even
If some other Influences may not be so favorable.
Last year the twenty southern neighbors of the
United States, through sheer strength and capac-
ity. pushed up the total of their foreign trade to
the huge sum of nearly $3,000,000,000. Tills was
divided almost eqnnlly between export* and Im-
ports. with the actual balance of trade In their
favor. Argentina, for example, with an ambitions, .
rigorous and prosperous people numbering about
nine millions of soul*, eondncted a foreign com-
merce valued at the surprising total of fiwnoiti,.
000. which make* an average of about $100 per
bend. Chile, a land of achievement awl prcolaa.
ony and repine* her a lib a young quisn from a
qa.rl colony. Vet I lie rr.MUl Ini-a are likely lo be
among ihe beat h«Mu-y prtaliwvra In ihe apiary.
Many farmer* fall i» succeed with bee* simply
because lliey neglect to learn anything about their
nuinugeineiil. It la true that bee* do nol require
a great uinottni of atteniluo and do best * ben
left aloue moat of the lime. Yet I here ar* cer-
tain tiling* which have to lie done juat at ihe right
lime and In Ju*t the right way. These ure ih* few
thing* that the fanner should know about. In
early aprlug. for exiituple. Ihe bee* may easily
starve to death for Inck of stores, although they
umy have coiue through the winter safely. In thnt
event they uiunl be fed on *ugur sirup If no honey
la available. Equal amounts of augur and water
may be used I od It is best to liuva ihe water
warmed, but ti-/ sugar should never be melted on
the stove, as I* Is likely to be burned. The sirup
umy be given In one of several different kinds of
feeders, but few are better thuu a shallow pun
from the ten-cent store with u little excel
sior In It for the bees to wnlk on. If this pan
tilled with sirup Is placed on top of the frames
of the hives the bee* will
quickly take the liquid down
and be tided over the period
of famine.
It Is a mistake for any
farmer to try to keep bee*
In the old-fnsliloned box hives,
for they cannot be managed
so well and getting the houey
out Is likely to be a painful
us well as exciting process.
Likewise, thousands of bees
are needlessly sacrificed, and
the hives are almost sure to
be neglected. Modern hives
cost but little, yet may be
takeft entirely to pieces und
the bees looked over without
the loss of a single one. And
taking honey out Is uo trouble at all, when a bee
escape Is used, for the bees do not even know
whnt Is going on.
The best way to begin beekeeping Is to buy a
colony or two from some up-to-date apiarist In the
neighborhood, but a hive full of bees can be
shipped by express or the insects may be bought
by the pound if one already has an empty hive.
Indeed, this is a practice which Is becoming very
common, for even experienced beekeepers often
Invest In one, two or three-pound • packnges of
bees in order to build up weak colonies. It Is not
an unusual thing for bees to be shipped all the
way from Texas to Canada.
Sometimes wild bees may be captured In the
woods and brought home. Although called wild
bees, these honey makers which nre found In logs
und hollow trees have escaped from captivity at
some time, for there were no honey bees In this
country until they were brought here by the Pil-
grim Fathers.
If the farmer owns more than hnlf a dozen colo-
nies of bees It will pay him to get nn extractor.
This Is a simple device for sepnrating the honey
from the combs, the lutter being placed In a
frame which revolves at a high rate of speed,
the liquid honey being thrown out of the wnx ceils
by centrifugal force, Just ns cream Is separated
from milk. Then the combs may be put back in
the hives for the bees to fill again. The farmer
can usually get more honey this way aud will
have less swarming.
38 I far* am jJara.1 wllh tb* m4 Mt
I be barrel beaO.
Tbo ren,»imt*r of Ih* barrel U
quickly fifl*4 by a half baabH t**«k*t.
"JUi-fc" tbw barrel aflef ra«l» baafcet
I* eiiipiUU, ai ilwtl ti may b* cuwpmcU
Iy mu-,1.
i Tb* barr*! should b* 811*4 to CM*
manner until within a few im-hoa of
tb* i«>p. Tim "tall" or "crown layer**
ia then placed. Ii l« plared with the
•tetua upward ami should project
about l'.» In*bee above lb* enda of
the stave*. Tb* center abotild b« a lib
lit hlsber.
A e«.rrugated paper cap la now pot
on next the barrel bend. A barrel preaa
la uavd In forcing the bend down. Tb*
top hoop I* removed and the aecuad
hoop slightly raised.
Great care must be used la getting
Tim standard apple barret la
In- tw* between brads, diameter of
i • ad !?*i iiiriw*. rlr.omferme* at
b0itf*BI inrbes. |i bold* thtov bn>b<-la.
All ill* tarrele should b* rar**tany
••foced." The quality of tb* apple* in
tb* -face" should not mislead the buy*
er. but aboutd be a fair aaiupl* of ibo
I'ottii til* «f iba packag*.
Cturagaled circular cardboard la of-
ten u<-d a/ti ln*t ihe tup and bottom
of the barrel to prevent bruising the
fralt. These mo be purchased at from
1 lo 2 cents apiece, accurdlni; to quan-
tity. and nra a g'Mid Investment.
The "face" of the barrel la made by
placing a seiica of circles of apples In
the bottom of tha empty barrel. The
bottom of the barrel forma tha top
when the package Is headed.
When the first circle around the
outside la completed, the next circle ; tha pack firm. Apples shrink, and If
Is placed. Tills circle being smaller. It
will contain several apple* u-ss than
the larger circle. The "face" Is com-
pleted by finished In the s: me manner.
The fnce should be firm when fin-
i*h<>d. with each apple setting firmly
ugulnst the other. The upples In the
the barrel Is not well "racked" while
being tilled. It wlil become stuck, rous-
ing the fruit to bruise.
Apple* for storage should be packed
und placed In cold storage as soon a*
[Missible after picking for best result*.
—1'arm Life.
lying on the Pacific const of South America (like
the states of California. Oregon ami Washington,
on the Pacific slope of the United States), cover-
ing nn area of nearly 300,000 square miles, or more
than that of Texas, nnd directly tributary to the
Panama canal, bought nnd sold In foreign com
merce products valued at nearly $262,000,000.
Advantages of the Telephone.
Evan B. Stotsenburg. attorney general, tells a
story concerning the eur!y days of the telephone
in New Albany.
A character of the town, who operated an office
In rooms just above the livery stable, wns Im-
pressed with the benefits of the telephone and
had one placed In ills office.
Meanwhile the new-fnngled Instrument also
went Into the livery stable. Then the town char-
acter sat down nnd waited for someone to take
advantage of the new Instrument. No one did.
LATE SUMMER HINTS
FOR ORCHARD WORK
Apple Picking Made Easier If
Weeds Are Kept Cut-Re-
move All Surplus Limbs.
(By J. C. WHITTEN. Missouri Agricul-
tural Experiment Station.)
Mow the tall weeds and summer
grasses In the orchard, allowing them
to lie ns n mulch under the trees.
Apples color nnd mature better, es-
pecially on the lower limbs. If the
growth under the trees is mowed down.
Green weeds nnd summer grasses
exhaust moisture from the orchard soil
In a dry time; a mulch on the ground
saves sod moisture.
Fruit buyers pay better prices for
apples in clean orchards; they can
see the fruit. Its quality shows up.
It looks easy to handle. The ma>i with
a neglected orchard never gets what
his fruit is worth.
Cut off the limb that blights be-
fore It begins to decay. That may save
the life of the tree.
Apple picking is made easier if the
weeds are mowed In the orchard and
the plnce kept clean. Pickers are dis-
gruntled and do poor work where they
have to wade through weeds and
briers wet with dew or autumn rains.
The grower who gets into his or-
chard now sees anything else which Is
the matter with his orchard, has hla
attention called to anything which
needs to be done to. Improve It, and
learns a good lesson for next year's
operations.
Dead limbs take a great deal of wa-
ter from growing apple trees. They
are in the way at gathering time and
make the whole crop look diseased. If
caused by canker, the disease will
spread to other parts of the orchard.
Prune them out now and paint the
wounds.
Water sprouts and surplus limbs
take too much water from the trees
In time of drought; prune out those
which are not needed on the tree and
bave the water for the ripening fralt;
fruit won't mature well where shaded
by sprouts. The crop shows up bet*
ter where the tree Is kept pruned, ad*
mittlng sunlight nnd air, and enables
the buyers to see the fruit better.
These statements are not guesses or
mere opinions. They are some of tha
things that have been proved by care-
ful tests at the Missouri agricultural
experiment station.
MOW WEEDS TO AID FARM'S APPEARANCE
WEED SEED GETTING NEARER RIPE EVERY DAY.
' (By j. o. RANKIN. Agricultural Editor, t know it will take less work to mak»
Missouri Experiment station.) j crops on it for a number of yeartt
Have you mowed those weeds? than if all that weed seed had not been.
Then your fnrra Is worth more and harvested. If you still have that weed
you are a hett"r neighbor and a bet- crop to harvest, you wdl bave to
One day the telephone hell in the livery stable, ter cklzen tluus if you had not. Every- ' hurry. Weed seed is getting nearer
however, rang with all Its might. one thinks more of the farmer and i ripe every day. The hot. dry weather
•Hello." yelled the livery stable proprietor. farm If he sees the wet-da neatly ' has hurried ripening Instead of belat-
"Ilello. yourself." answered the vole* of the mowed as he drives along a well- ing it. Bur pulling time Is coming
towrn character, upstnirs. dragged road. As he passes Ihe end and the horse weeds in the fenc* row*
"Just pass me the broom up through the front of the line fence he sees a fence row, are getting harder for the mower or
windows. *111 you?" aald the vole*.—Indianapolis not a weed row. and the same Is troo ncytke to handle, but there Is
of the cross fence. ?oas.>latloo In the thought that there
l>oe* this describe your farm? TUeo is still time to do a great deal of good
said
Seventy per eeat of the world's cork supply If rabMt shooting may not be so good oa and that too early mowing might haia
Id to be produced 1s Spain and Porraaai. It next a inter. tU buyers will offer j W the weeds coma up and nsks a»*
you more an sera «S U bacaase the/ , other crop of aaad.
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Thacker, John Riley. The Eldorado Courier (Eldorado, Okla.), Vol. 14, No. 11, Ed. 1 Friday, October 13, 1916, newspaper, October 13, 1916; Eldorado, Oklahoma. (https://gateway.okhistory.org/ark:/67531/metadc402968/m1/3/: accessed April 19, 2024), The Gateway to Oklahoma History, https://gateway.okhistory.org; crediting Oklahoma Historical Society.