The Mangum Mirror (Mangum, Okla.), Vol. 1, No. 3, Ed. 1 Tuesday, March 27, 1917 Page: 2 of 8
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THE MANGUM MIRROR
L
20 AMERICANS
THE STANDARD OIL TANKER
HEALOTON SUNK WITH-
OUT WARNING
ONLY 17 OF CREW ARE SAVED
On* Mora Overt Act to be Coneidered
by Congreaa When I*. Convenes
Next Week in 8pecial
Session.
Washington—The Standard Oil
Company's steamship Healdton has
been torpedoed off Terschelllng, Hol-
land, by a German submarine with-
out warning, twenty of her crew be-
ing drowned, one dying of Injuries
sustained In the explosion and the
remainder picked up by a vessel
which Is reported to have taken
tbem to the north of Holland, accord-
ing to a dispatch received by the state
department from American Consul
Mahin at Amsterdam.
Torpedoing of the vessel took place
at 8:15 o'clock the night of March 21,
the dispatch ftirthgr stated, and al-
though the submarine was seen by
members of the crew afterward, no
offer of aid was given. Eight of the
officers of the Healdton were Amer-
ican citizens.
Another Grave Chapter
The sinking of the Healdton adds
another grave chapter to the story of
war waged against American shipping
- by Germany to be laid before congress
by President Wilson at the special
session he has called for April 2. It
can cause no Immediate change In the
situation. Since the destruction of
three American ships last Saturd, v or
Sunday, administration officials have
considered that a state of war exist-
ed and it is to meet this situation that
congress has been summoned to auth-
orize steps beyond the arming of mer-
chantmen.
The Healdton was unarmed, having
left port before the president author-
ized the navy to furnish guns and
gunners to merchantmen. Her fate
serves to heighten the profound Inter-
st with which the government and the
public awaits the time when an Amer-
ican vessels prepared and ready to
send a shell into a hostile submarine
on sight will enter the war zone.
' Carried $106,866 Oil £argo.
The steamer Healdton is a tanker
of 4,480 tons gross and 1b owneti by
the Standard Oil Company of New
Jersey. The Healdton sailed from
Chester, Pa., on January 2 for Rotter-
dam with 1,237,311 gallons of refined
petroleum valued at $106,886. She# was
last reported three days later 720
miles east of Delaware breakwater.
The Healdton was commanded by
Captain Christopher and carried a
crew of thirty-eight men. She was
built at Greenock, Scotland, In 1908.
Her home'port was New York.
Word that a European neutral might
offer mediation to prevent open war
between the United States and Ger-
many has come to the administration
without causing surprise or in any
way affecting the government's plan
for meeting the situation forced by
submarine ruthlessness. Such a pro-
posal Is regarded' here as nothing
more than another scheme fostered by
Germany with the hope of confusing
the issue and possibly dividing senti-
ment in this country while the de-
struction of American lives and ships
on the high seas continues.
Recruiting is Stimulated.
Additional efforts to stimulate re-
cruiting for the navy were 'aunched.
The response to the recruiting service
during the last four months has been
the best on record, but Secretary Dan-
iels is determined to fill up promptly
to the full authorized strength of 74,-
500 men.
Every ship building plant capable
of building destroyers was represent-
ed at the department Saturday when
a great number of building orders
were placed. The department plans to
build to the full capacity of the yards
and the number of destroyers to be
ordered can be determined only when
that capacity is known. Construction
of a standard type boat, the thirty-five
knot vessel, designed last year, will
be ordered hastened.
The newly created compensation
board of the navy will discuss details
of the destroyer orders with the build-
ers and determine the steps to be tak-
en. The board also held its first
conference on Saturday with the build-
ers recently awarded contracts for
battle cruisers.
The department is receiving an en-
couraging number of communications
from former sailors, saying they will
present themselves for service in the
event of war. Most of these men have
not entered any branch of the naval
reserve because they have married
nd do not want to be called to the col-
ors for any but an actual war emer
gene y.
Nicholas Calm But Haggard
London —The former emperor ol
Russia. Nicholas Romanoff, has ar-
rived at the Taarskoe Selo palace I
"Alighting from the train at Tsarskoe j
Selo." says the correspondent. Nlcho
la* appeared calm, bat was haggard
He iore the flowing uniform of tto*
ixth Kuban regiment of coeaacks and
i black busby. Around his shoulder* '
waa a purp'e mufller and be bad a cos .
sack dagger In bis belt. Pinned on
the breast of the former monarch was
the Order of St. G*or*s Nicholas was
I by Prince Dolgoaroff"
Newest Medical Discoveries
About the Death Carrying Housefly
These filthy pests distribute among people germs
oftyphoid and other bowel diseases, tuberculosis,
infectious blood poison and even leprosy:: Be-
gin your summer war on them now::Clean the
premises..thoroughly and burn trash
i HAT the common house fly Is the grent-
I est menace to human life In temperate
I I I regions the highest medical and sclen-
I M I tific authorities In the United States
and Europe are now generally united In
declaring.
The dissemination through this In-
sect of the epidemic, Infantile paralysis,
which last year killed thousands of New York's
children Is but one of the many counts in the In-
dictment against the filthy fly. Infantile paraly-
sis Is peculiarly shocking because It deforms chil-
dren so cruelly, but in its destruction of life it isf
far less serious than typhoid fevtT, which we
now know to be largely a fly-borne disease. Simi-
larly the fly probably causes far more mortality
through Its Instrumentality in spreading tubercu-
losis than as a carrier of Infantile paralysis.
All over the world scientists are studying the
fly, discovering new dangers to public health
caused by It and suggesting new methods of ex-
terminating It.
Dr . O". Howard, the chief entomologist of the
Unite .States government, now suggests that the
name "typhoid fl^" should be given to the common
house fly, because the latter name falls to suggest
the deadly character.
Mr. Howard tells how the deadly charactcr of
the fly was proved by feeding flies with pure cul-
tures of the typhoid bacillus. Material! from the
bodies of the insects and fly-specks made Ijy them
were then examined and found to contain the
bacilli. This material was injected into animals
and proved to be virulent.
Flies Carry Typhoid.
There were 250,000 cases of typhoid In. the Unit-
ed States last year, and over 35,000 prftved fatal.
During the Spanish-American war "flies which had
swarmed over infected matter in the lime-strewn
pits walked over the soldiers' food, leaving traces
of lime. Many cases of typhoid occurred, killing
far more than bullets. Officers whose ients were
screened from flies showed fewer cases. Typhoid
disappeared in winter, when flies were no longer
about. Infected water was not an important fac-
tor in these camps, but a majority of rases must
have been due to the files. More than SO per cent
of the total deaths in the war were caused by
typhoid.
The danger of Infection Is greatly Increased by
the fact that typhoid germs may remain active In
a person's intestines long after he has recovered
from fever. Dr. George A. Soper recently discov-
ered a case of a cook employed by several fami-
lies In the vicinity of New York. She bad recov-
ered completely from typhoid fever, bul she gave
the disease to members of every family where she
was employed. Four other cases of thl i kind are
mentioned by Doctor Howard.
Spread Enteric Fever.
During the Boer war 100,000 BritHh soldiers
were laid up at one time by enteric fever, now
shown to have been spread by flies. Profiting by
such lessons, the United States authorities on the
I'nnama canal work protected refuse against flies,
and this, together with the careful screening of
bouses, adopted primarily as a defpnse against
malaria, reduced typhoid to a negllg'ble quantity.
A long series of observations is beiflg conducted,
showing that flies play an Important part in
spreading Asiatic cholera. The British warship
Superb, In the Mediterranean, suffered from an
epidemic of cholera, which qontinued while at sea,
but on the disappearance of flies it censed. Pro-
fessors Ttzzonl and Cattani of Italy, In 1886, found
active cholera germs In'the deposits of flies caught
In the cholera wards at Bologna, Italy.
Cost Millions a Year.
Doctor Howard says the decrease In the vital
assets of our country through typhoid fever In a
single y^ar is more than $350,000,000.
The typhoid fly fs also a disseminator of tuber-
culosis. Dr. Frederick T. Lord, the Boston scien-
tist, says:
"Flies may Ingest tubercular sputum and ex-
crete tubercle bacilli, the virulence of which may
last for at least fifteen days."
Matter from tuberculous patients must, there-
fore. not be allowed to come in contact with flies,
and the patients should be screened for their own
good and that of the rest of the community.
Drs. W. M. Esten and C. J. Mason of Storrs ex-
periment station, Connecticut, who counted 550 to
6,000,000 bacteriu on flies, observed that these In-
sects carried contamination from the pigpens to
the milk In dairies.
Life History of Fly.
"The only remedy for this serious condition of
things." tliey say. "Is to remove the pigj>en as far
as possible from the dairy and dwelling house.
Extreme care should be taken in keeping flies
out of the cow stable, milk rooms and dwellings."
Doctor Howard has traced the life history of
the fly. finding that 120 eggs are laid by a single
female, and that In Washington In midsummer a
generation Is produced every ten days. In ex-
perimenting he found that his flies would breed
only In home waste, hut the evidence Indicates
that they breed In various kinds of fllth. His con-
< luslon. however. Is that the vast msiority must
come from horse stables.
As tented out and recommended by the Tnlted
States department of agriculture, sprinkling and
soaking such a pest heap with a solution of ooe-
half pound of powdered hellebore In ten gallons of
water (stirring well and allowing It to stand for
24 hours), will destroy all the maggots, egg* and
larvae which are then preeent. Almost equally
g,w! remit', although not quite so certain, can be
m* ured by prinkllng freely with powdered bora*
and then pouring water owr. an aa to carry It
down all through the ma**. The amount of helle-
borv aoletloa required l« about a gallon to the
« f manure.
A nnat ralcaletlee of the fly'a rate of ta« •a*e.
4d*ft<ns
based on Professor Howard's experiments, has
been made and shows that one fly can have be-
tween June 1 and September 28, 4,353,654,672,000,-
000,000,000 descendants.
Prof. S. A. Forbes, state entomologist-of Illi-
nois, found that house flies breed freely In decay-
ing animal carcasses, a point of significance in
connection with war conditions.
It is most important to liave an efficient flytrap.
One known as "the Minnesota flytrap" appears to
be the best constructed. It Is planned on the
principle of having a box with a hole beneath it, a
piece of bait under the hole and sufficient space
for the fly to walk under the box. The box is
entered through a funnel that Is a decapitated
cone. The fly, having gorged himself on the bait,
will, according to his Invariable hafelt, fly upward
through the funnel and become imprisoned in the
box. He will not fly out.
Health Officers Responsible.
Tlie. courts have passed upon the question of
damages for a sufferer from typhoid who could
trace his illness to flies feeding upon the fllth of
sewage. A few years ago a man living in German-
town, Philadelphia, recovered heavy damages from
the city for his illness, which he proved was
caused by a stream flowing through his yard which
had been polluted by sewage from a house ten-
anted by a typhoid patient. The defense relied
upon proof that the plaintiff had neither drunk nor
bathed In the stream, but an entomologist con-
vinced the jury that he had contracted the dis-
ease through the medium o* flies, which had car-
ried the infection from the stream to the food
exposed to their visits in his house.
Scourge of European War.
A horrifying form of the fly peril has been en-
countered during the present European war. This
is the presence of myriads of files that have bred
ou the bodies of the dead soldiers and carry
septicemia (blood poisoning), and other diseases.
Profiting by the experience of the Spanish-Amer-
ican and Boer wars, the military authorities pro-
tected the pits in permanent trenches and camps
against flies, but thousands of dead bodies are
lying In the shell-swept area between opposing
trenches, where It Is absolutely impossible to carry
out sanitary measures.
The London Lancet announces that the spread
of typhus, an eruptive fever quite different from
typhoid, has been traced to flies. Typhus has al-
ways occurred in dirty and starving communities.
It has been very prevalent in Russia, and is said
to have been largely responsible for stopping the
first Russian invasion of Austria, because it killed
and prostrated so many men.
The spreading of Infantile paralysis virus on the
feet and in the gullet of the house fly, as observed
by Doctor Flexner of the Rockefeller Institute, has
already been thoroughly explained. Experiments
have also been made indicating that the poison
of this disease Is conveyed by the bite of the sta-
ble fly very much as malaria is conveyed by the
bite of the mosquito.
These experiments are thus described by Dr. C.
E. Wlnslow, an expert on insect pests, of the
American Museum of Natural History:
Tests With Monkeys.
"Prof. M. J. Rosenau of the Harvard Medical
school, succeeded In producing Infantile paralysis
In six out of twelve monkeys bitten by stable
flies which had been allowed to feed on other
monkeys suffering-from the disease.
"fipbfessor Rpsenau's work has since been con-
firmed by Doctors Anderson and Frost of the Unit-
ed States public health service. There is, of course,
no certainty that the disease Is always transmitted
by the stable fly. The work of Doctor Flexner
and of the Swedish observers and the occurrence
of a certain proportion of cases In cold weather
strongly suggest that sometimes Infantile paralysis
may be spread by direct contact jetween human
beings or in other ways than by fly bites. On the
other hand, it seems certain the biting stable fly
is one means by which the disease is conveyed;
and the seasonal and geographical prevalence of
the epidemics make it seem probable that this is
the usual and most important means.
"The habits of the stable fly differ widely from
those of the house fly. The stable fly is a biting
fly, feeding on the blood of the higher vertebrates.
It Is found In the vicinity of dwellings, particularly
where horses and cattle are kept, but it is apt to
remain outdoors In warm, sunny places, and does
not come into the house much except at night and
before rain,"
eeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeee
lis DEATH PAINFUL?!
• •
eeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeee
The physical pain of death depends, 1 suppose,
on the particular cause of death, says a writer In
London Tit Bits. Naturally, death from starvation
or cancer must be very much more painful than
death from old age. Dying is probably more pain-
ful than death itself. At some most painful death
beds there seems to come a period of calm when
the end draws near. I think It Is a great pity that
for the sake of relations a death agony Is some-
times prolonged by the use of powerful drugs. I
remember a doctor snylng to me at the death bed
of a young officer: "If there were relations here we
should keep him alive for a few hours." Why
should a dying man be kept alive for these senti-
mental reasons?
I suppose a great deal of the palnfulness of death
is due to our struggling against It. Just as when
we resist an anesthetic. It causes us great discom-
fort. while If we meekly submit to It the sensation
is delightful, so with death.
The reason we resist Is that we cling to life. This
does not necessarily mean that we are afraid to
die. or that we have doubts about Immortality, and
want to have as much of this world as possible for
fear there is no other. The greatest struggle for
life I ever witnessed was on the pert of a young
{spiritualist, who roost certainly believed In the
next world. He simply refused to die. and did
literally live some days longer because of his de-
termination. It was rather splendid, thl* insistence
on Ufe. though It probably cost him a lot of pain.
On the other hand. I remember a young «oldler
In France who died fro® sheer lack of wanting to
live. The doctor told me that he need aot have
d)<4 'f be had oslj resolved to Hre.
Another case I remember of a young Tommy who
had a long, weary Illness from an awful wound.
He, too, no doubt, was bound to die, but he, too, lost
heart. It was arranged that he should gj to Eng-
land. but he had ceased to care to do so, and re-
fused. The end came rapidly after that.
I think these Instances show that much depends
on will power. My own father was a man of ex-
traordinary vitality. A month before his death his
doctor said to me: "By all the laws he ought to be
dead now." It was difficult to believe a few hours
before his death, at the ige of ninety, that he was
a dying man. His again was a case of the most
absolute belief In the other world, coupled with an
Intense desire to live and not die & moment too
soon.
Probably the greatest pain in death is mental
pain. I can conceive a wasted life, a stupid life,
and, still more, n wicked life, making it very pain-
ful for a man to die.
Early Days of Egypt.
Predynastic Egypt consisted of various petty
states ranged along the banks of the Nile—this 4^-
000 years before Christ. The Egyptians had al-
ready mastered the art of making textile fabrics by
spinning and weaving, and the men wore kilts and
the women long robes. Wonderful pottery was
made, though this was done by molding, as the pot-
ter's wheel waa unknown. Gold, stone. Ivory and
bone were made Into ornaments and utensils. Boats
were used and the art of sailing was discovered.
STATE PRESIDENT
MUSKOGEE MAN WILL LEAD
SUNDAY SCHOOL WORK
COMING YEAR
OKLAHOMA HEWS OF THE WEEK
Little Happenings From Every Corner
of the State That Qo to Wake
Up a Week'e Hletery
of Oklahoma.
Enid.—Dr. A. F. Bonnell of Mus-
kogee will be president of the Okla-
homa State Sunday School Associa-
tion during the coming year.
The other officers named are: Vioe-
presidents, J. E. Nissley of Guthrie, E.
A. Pemberton of Kingsflsher, D.
Rector of Frederick, Mrs. Francis
Miller of Buffalo, D. J. Dillingham of
Waukomis, Rev. C. A. Hendershot or
Shawnee, J. B. Hickman of D*ant, E-
M. Byerly of Enid and Rev. C. D. Bow-
man of Sallisaw: international execu-
tive committeeman M. M. Hall o
Tulsa- alternate committeeman, J. O.
McCollister of Mangum: recording
secretary, Andrew Kingkade of Okla-
homa City.
The report of the finance committer
showed that a budget of $6,453.14 had
been raised during the year and that
after all expenses of the state Sunday
school work had been paid the 'reaa"
ury still carries a balance of $66.3-
REWARD GIVEN TO POSSE
Bankers' Association Secretary Mali®
$3,000 Check to Noataw.
Oklahoam City.—A check for JS.O-JO
was mailed by Harry E.' Bagby, secre-
tary of the Oklahoma Bankers Asso-
ciation, to J. E. Campbell, president of
the First National Bank of Nowata,
Okla., to be distributed among the
members of the posse which on Janu-
ary 19 shot and killed Oscar Poe and
Will and Harry Hart, bank robbers, in.
a battle near Okmulgee.
Those who are to participate in thia
reward, which is paid by the associa-
tion through a protective fund origi-
nated after the Harrah bank robbery,
•e:
C. R. Roach, sherilf of Okmulgee
county; W. F. Robbins, deputy sheriff
of Okulmgee county: Mel oBwman,
chief of police of Okmulgee; John
Lung, city policeman of Okmulgee;
Hiram Stephens, city marshal of
Chelsea, and Buck George, deputy
sheriff of Nowata county.
WOODMEN GO TO SULPHUR
Jordon Is Head Consul, While Fannie
B. Goff Heads Auxiliary.
El Reno—With the selection of Sul-
phur as the next place of meeting and
the election of officers for the ensuing
term, the head camp of Woodmen of
the World and grand grove of that
lodge's auxiliary, the Woodmen Circle,
udjourned a three-day session here.
The Sulphur meeting will be held ia
March, 1919.
Officers selected by the W. O. W.
are: Head consul, B. D. JordOn of
Hugo; head advisor, William H. Har-
rison of Checotah; head banker, D. B.
Williams of Oklahoma City; head
clerk, Fred Enas of Marietta.
Fallowing are the new officers of the
Woodmen Circle: Grand guardian,
Fannie B. Goff of Panama; grand ad-
visor, Mrs. Joe Edwards of Stratford;
grand clerk, Minnie Sands of Man-
gum; grand chaplain, Addie Bell of
Elk City.
Royal Neighbors In Session.
El Reno.—Mrs. Hattie Barnes of
Guthrie, was chosen as state oracle, to
Sead the Oklahoma grand lodge of
[oyal Neighbors, in the state meet-
ing here. Other officers elected were:
Vice oracle. Stella Burger, El Reno:
recorder. Cora Ward, Tulsa; delegate
to the supreme lodge, Mrs. Hart of
Lawton. A class of five was adopted.
The Work was given by the Oklahoma
City degree team. The initiatory
work was followed by drills given by
Oklahoma City and El Reno teams
and by a local team of Modern Wood-
men.
Human Resolves Weak.
What mockeries are our most Arm resolvee.
To will Is ours, but not to execute. We map oar
future like some unknown coast, and say here
Is a harbor, there a rock; the one we will attain,
the other shun, and we do neither; none chance
rale sprints op. and beers as far o'er some uc
e«ft n(sed sea.—L B. lasma
Eller Gets Life Sentence.
Alva.—Harrison Eller, confessed
murderer of Joe Files, was given a
Ufe sentence in the state penitentiary
when he entered a plea of guilty in
the district court here. Ell<>r attacked
Files in the Antlers cafe on the morn-
ing of March 5 and in the fight that
ensued Files was killed. Robbery waa
believed to have been the motive tor
the attack, aa *1,675, taken irom the
cash drawer at the cafe, was found in
Ellers' pockets when he was arrested.
Two Burned To Death In Home.
Henryetta.—The use of kerosene in
stimulating a kitchen fire caused the
death of two persons here. Waah
ington Wayland. 40 years old. and
daughter. Odell. 13, were the victims
The girj poured kerosene on the fire
and the flames caught here clothing
The house was almost instantly en-
veloped in the blate and Wayland waa
burned to death In his bed The body
was recovered from the rutrs The
glri rushed from the boose, bat w
so sertresly burned that she died
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Ryder, J. W. The Mangum Mirror (Mangum, Okla.), Vol. 1, No. 3, Ed. 1 Tuesday, March 27, 1917, newspaper, March 27, 1917; Mangum, Oklahoma. (https://gateway.okhistory.org/ark:/67531/metadc282180/m1/2/: accessed March 28, 2024), The Gateway to Oklahoma History, https://gateway.okhistory.org; crediting Oklahoma Historical Society.