The Mangum Star And Southwest Eagle (Mangum, Okla.), Vol. 31, No. 27, Ed. 1 Thursday, December 19, 1918 Page: 1 of 10
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The Woodiow Christmas, "H« MoaicBt," Most Unusual Problem Play Ever Produced
THE MANGUM STAR
N
\
AND flOrraWMT KACL1
mangum. oiaun county ohlanoma im kmm« 11. IMS
-what moon onci wa*
MCttUN N«M| w."
*r«vra--.—
y Ml lakN fWi lfc
till III* «art
• liter* who «>•
/ might — the sjtaetioa wltloa7; lSc Vwo"ceaTStoiste of Lens.
air. Hvtm ha* t w il 'row a peraaaal formerly had mi annual uutpat
■tady. of 1S/NW^OO teas. but are now *o dr.
Mr. Harroa« one of the mo t pain* .„>Mt flooded thai live year. may
taking mroatigatrr* of economies aiwi ^ mtutrv^l for ihrir restoration It i*
bastar** problem* In America. Ha Ml<{ n,at on* of their Urn thousand
write, with the asaetrieaa of the train- homa. remain*.
ad esperl * ho deal, with all groat; "When I ataod on Vtmy R dr onfy
gue.Uun. from the conservative atand- „ f„* week, ago and looked down into
point rather than from any tendency UlUi ^cupied one-half by the Allies
whatever b> esaggeraUon. HI* story In B(wj one-half by tha Hun, 11-Inch .hell,
the Wall Street Journal of November dropping on tho Hun* from lha
& open* up n vlata through whieh we 0f the all la* and giant ahell* from
can *r« the fearful horror* that have^ German, .hook the earth four
been committed upon Krance. In the. behind me.
courne of hi* letter he aaid. «|g Ixmdon In December 1914. It
"The .eetion of Northern France in wa estimated for me by high author-
vaded by the German* doea not look tty that the (iermani were dropping
large on the map of that country—less | UO.OUO shell* daily upon 1-ronch soil,
fl.-. 7 per cent—but it represent™ and Joffre had n*ked that hi* quota of
nearly one-quarter of the national re 1 sheila be raised a bare 80,000 per day.
venue*, uigl wu a graden of vendure, Thi* wai four years ago, and shells
of cities and of industries. have never stopped day and night rain-
"Amiens am' IVronne were not crea- ing upon this country within a com-
to/by the lasy. lapping w.tera of the^$^£Es were making
"SI A nitn. S, «,ru„ J -MJJJ £*•*£};
great smooth highway now kep. in re-, wa( (Ul|y prwjucing 450,000 sheila
pair by the allies will take *ou J**/™*1'11 ..it may be estimated that this year
a* an arrow across tnis field of dcsula- (lttiIy normal rain of shells must
ti«n through what were once the wav- ^ approar|led nearly 1.000,000. In-
ing field* of I- ran^Krowing .O per ^ knQ^ (hllt in battles within
cent of her sugar beet* and1 producing. ^' gector morc than 1,000,000
55 per cent of her coal and 8° P" cent h hccn town within a few
of her pig-iron. Everywhere were vil-!™ ^
lages, towns and sugar factories, sup- M is certain that in this devastcd
porting a population tl at crystallixeti n there haye CXp!o<ied and
in the great industrial cities of Arn"\ burjed ,nany hundred million shells of
Lille and Valencinncs. | j capacity. The exploded shells
"Tapestries and meta goods a^d| ™rying ^paoy ^ ^ ^ jg a
laces are fruits of population. But the d fertilij,er {or fruit trees, ca-
springs in support of population ttrepccially the pear and peach. Indeed,
back in mother earth. . £c peach stain on the napkin of your
"Babylon and Nineveh could not be hogteg9 jg due to ^ iron i„ the peach,
rebuilt when fertility was lost by the (lThe ^^pioded shell, the deadly
divorce of land and water. , ^ the b]em within this devas-
"I thought when I started to write ^ The ub r toe gki,led hand
this letter I would describe the ruin of ^ metaiiurgr)- 0f the Hun has
Peronne, iU great cathedral walls steadily decreeing in this war.
tumbling lower and lower until only r hjg wori,n anship has been
the arches remain after four great bat- ^ at only half the
ties in more than four years °£ w^ 8hX he fired haVe «cplotted. Buried
its ruined sugar mill looted by the earth, they mre evcrrecurnng1
■Germans of its machinery before it «arl '
was finally crumbled under sheU fire; | liyou ^ traye, for miles and miiea
the great paved square, with the ruins, this area and not find a single
piled in heaps on every aide, and not a, of ]and ^ ^ not bee,, Uproot-
sheltering roof visible in the «"ire. ^ ghot and ghell There are deep
city. . ' Union with chalk and clay bottoms and
"I could describe Albcrt. Us few re-! otherg 0f unknown depth filled with
maining roofs and steaddy loweniu, water The roughness of the land is
cathedral wall and tower of the hean-; ^ difficulty. The danger is in the
ing Virgin, neither there now. I knew ^ unexploded shells. The loss is in the
that Arras, with its great caUiedral, _ Vnp when clav and chalk
interest, as well as my
half its buildings were yet m gooa
state of preservation, and that the
town was only about 20 per cent, des-
troyed . Here is a vast city aa of the
dead, where only two inahbitants re-
mained out of the 80,000 once here.
"But what are the ruins of these
cities, and what can their future be if
from the land goes up the wail:
« 'Even realms by the plague and
the earthquake destroyed May revive
but no hope is for thee.'
"From the best estimate I can Jet 1
believe the Hun has committed a de-
vastation in Belgium and Northern
Prance that has never been equalled on
ertv more than a billion dollars worth j he and Mr. Barron had seen 1900 Ger-
of cattlc, horses and farming imple-1 man prisoners as they were brought
ments taken, and altogether a destruc-1 in from the battlefield, and Dr. Hillis
Slue UVWII, vat*, ova* «•— «
been to a considerable extent lost.
"As for the beautiful shade trees
that once lined all these French high-
ways and have been the shade and de-
light of travelers for generations, it
can be said that their shattered stumps
now present the most gruesome picture
in all the devastation.
"There they remain by great high-
ways the military authorities keep in
repair for guns, horses and troops.
Rarely can so much as a limb or
branch be found upon one.
"They are just shattered stumps
from a foot to 10 feet high, so slivered
and filed with metal that they cannot
even be cut for firewood.
"In time these must be dynamited
Blue Bird Theatre
Saturday, Dec. 21
THI U. S. QOVIRNMENT PRKSKNTO THK 0EC0ND
OFFICIAL WAR PICTURK.
■mrwmam ww^iuma'i ma mi w
44 ALLOWING THE FLAG TO FRANCE**
Offered by,tha Dhrfalon of Fllma^
COMMITTEE ON PUBLIC INFORMATION, "ggjg"1
Children 10c, Adults 20c
The Government Request Is: That every
man, woman and child should see this
and all U. S. Government Pictures.
*pa|| -t thMr «*I|'M roadiUM. •>—+
lag no u«m of larh of rwruhmmt
la a |wriy arttcla Mhh*hMl ia a
•mmbrr mt papor* Or Hllli* r« mmm
dotal la of a number of Um> un.prahaklf
ladncrtbahl# vthrar*. of photacmph*
Mhirh aera found on tho** prt*Mfmra.
I'rohahly aathma m Ihr *tory a* it
rum** from Franco from I imo to lime
I* more indtraUvo of tho moral degra-
dation of tionnaay than the phot*
graph* carried apparently by nearly
all the tierman pHeoner. raptured Re-
ferring to thi* ub)ect. Mr. liar ron. ia
dcM-rlblag the aay tha*e ItfOO prt*« n-
era ware troated u|*m their arrival.
*aye:
"They wri* lined up In Miuada. and
an American, aervtng u* a wrgaant In
the llriuah army and speaking evary
tierman dialect from Tyroleee to Her-
lineae. gave the order* of command.
The front platoon of a double lile of
Midler* a lep ped three pacr* forward
and faced about Then both linaa of
prisoner*, facing each other, emptied
their pocketa upon the ground. Diaries
poet tarda and letters were gathered
in a bu*hel baaket for careful exami-
nation.
"Bushel* of photograph* have to be
burned. They will not pass muater
with the Kngllsh, ami any attempt to,
pas* them through the United State*
mail* would subject the offender to fine'
and imprisonment und<-r the Anthony
Comstock laws.
"The sergeant say*: 'I have examin-
ed over 100.000 etJrman prisoner*, and
every fifth «r sixth man carries such
photographs.'
"I have since been informed at En-
glish headquarters that the percentage
is verv much larger. Indeed, it has
been said thai hey are in almost uni-
versal use in the German army.
"One thus gets an insight into cer-
tain features of this war that have
made the world shrink with horror at
tho thought of any further Hun inva-
sion of a civilized country. That hor-
ror has nerved the arm of father, hus-
band and brother to strike with full
strength in civilizaton's defense.
"The Germany in this war is a de-
ato Germany, corrupted to the found-
ations of life, and lured into piratical
war from ambitions of loot and lust.
Who and what can accomplsh her re-
demption or restoration?"
Dr. Hillis in his statement gave a
little more on the subject than Mr.
Barron, because Dr. Hillis believes that
the actual facts as to the total col-
lapse of Germany as a mpral nation
1 must be known, but no one can possi-
bly put into print a ful story of the in-
describable filth and lewdness of these
photographs caried by a large propor-
tion of German soldiers and found by
the bushel in German trenches, indica-1
tive of the moral rottenness of the na-
tion. These photographs are more
damning in evidence as to the char-
acter of the eGrman people than the.
statement published last week in the j
Manufacturers Record from two of the
foremost ministers in the city that
when at a German university they
were advised, not by one professor, but
by the profesors to live in continual
immorality, because it was so univer-
sally the rule that any student at
these universities who did not do so
would be ashamed to admit it.
"The destruction of Sodom by the
Almighty is supposed to have been due
to conditions similar to thoSe which
have prevailed in Germany, but from
all the information that can be had it
would look as though the proportion of
good people in Sodom was greater
than the proportion of good people Ih
Germany.
In the course of his article dealing
with the same group of prisoners to
which Mr. Barron refers, Dr. HilHs
recently wrote:
"One late September afternoon,
north of Cambrai, on the Peronne road,
we saw hundreds of German prisoners
coming back from the lines. Complete-
ly surorunded, they threw up their
hands. About 50 prisoners were taken
in the morning, and these were set to
wor ko build a barbwier cage. Later
500 more Hun prisoners were brought
back, and the prisoners had to enlarge
the cage for their comrades, to whom
they were shouting welcome. The Brit-
ish intelligence officer stopped the Hun
prisoners in groups of 10 just before
they entered the gate. He commanded
the Huns to turn every pocket inside
out, give up every scrap of PaPer-ev-
ery picture and map, and told them
that if they disobeyed, and later search
revealed secret papers, they would be
court-martialed and if found guilty
would be shot. The alacrity wivh which
the officers and men emptied their
pockets was very exhilarating to an
American. When the entire 500 had
passed by, the letters and photographs
filled a large gunny sack, perhaps two
feet wide and three feet high. Now the
amazing thing about these papers was
this fact, that every sixth or seventh
prisoner put down a bunch of degen-
erate photographs, held together by a
rubber band. But the intelligence of-
ficer told us plainly that the reason
why the other five or six Huns did not
have a bunch of these depraved pic-
tures was because they had left them
in their dugout or their kits. More
amazing still was the fact that multi-
tudes of these views and pictures were
! kodak views of the soldier himself and
some white slave that he had held in
the trench. Others carried the imprint
1 of different publishing houses in Mun-
ich, Leipsic or Berlin. No words-can
tell the full degeneracy. Perhaps no
head of a society for the .suppression
of vice ever witnessed such examples
of devilishness. The infernal regions
alone offer an explanation. It
believe that there must be a devd that
cm pull men down to the level of Ae
lowest beasts and feed with the vilest
debauching the intellect and
depraving the heart. Not until tmm't
eye* look Ml the whit* throne *t Gad
ran the m*iar> of tiWW ««hu ha fat'
!> eteaa—d away.
~The«e <tM#*aralt ph*t- «hapJu at*
rwvalaiof, The decayed H oa U>a
uatatde of the apple •• <wwi'. but open
It up and whale cora la rott« ■ Tha ear-
gooa not**, a little Mami*h on the
*hia. bat the phyatrta*'* turna
■ till*, for be know, the N|* heaeatn
la a disease whaae raata apread widely
and carry death.
The rout of the Haa ha* gone rat-
lea. The decay haa deprwv.d and de-
bauched hi* whole being.
"When certain mali«a«M di*ea«ea
of the atomach have piogrr - .| toward
the later *tage*. the patient . ra r. the
*h rpeat mustard, eat* tad prpper and
thirst* for the filming «oha*ro aaure.
The expert know* that the* are the
abnormal condition* and are the fore-
runner. of death. And the man who ia
.killed in reading the human heart
.mil understand* the meaainw of thing*
know* that the*e degenerate picture*
that the Hun aoldiera curry to lire the
imagination and feed the pa**ion* pro-
claim the fact that the German aoul U
filled with rottenness, di*ea*e and
death. By the way of degen«-. ac> Rome
descended into the ab>S*. Once Sod-
om and Gomorrah are wvetUrd and its
lecherous cititena stand fourth fully
exposed, lightning alone la logical, ami
the inner flames, spontaneously gen-
erated, burn them up. If one can test
these photographs .what Sodora once
wit* Berlin now is."
GREATEST POULTRY SHOW EVER
IX GREER LAST WEEK.
There were more than thrtv hundred
birds entered in the Greer County
Poultry- Show last Thursday. Friday
and Saturday. Notwithstanding the
rain of both Thursday and Friday
mornings, the breeders of fine birds
came in and made entries. Many could
not come from a distance on account of
the bad weather. It was a great show
anyway. Many excellent prizes were
awarded and every winner of a Blue
Uibbon was proud of the showing
made and the rewards of industry and
thrift Many valuable lessons were
learned. Sid Smith of Mounds, Okla.,
chowed he is a competent judge by the
manner in which he handled the con-
tests. Quite a number of birds were
disqualified because they were not in
the show class. Some very pretty
birds too were cut out because of
sprigs and stubs, those unmistakeable
signs of mixed blood. Breeders who
might have brought birds well worth
prizes, through carelessness or not
knowing better tried to exhibit birds
that were not n the show class.- This
fact alone taught some most valuable
lessons well worth the attention of all
poultry raisers. Several excellent spec-
imens of thoroughbred Commercial
rabbits such as Flemish Giants and
New Zealands were exhibited. The
show was by the best ever held in
Greer county, even being much better
than last year. It shows that the poul-
try business is becoming more ant!
more a great asset of Greer county.
L. C. Thompson, Buff Rocks, 1st.
Geo. H Nelson, Buff Leghorns, 1st.
W. J. Luker, Barred Rocks 2nd
J. K. Peoples, Light Bramahs, 1st.
and special Premium in Osiatic class
E. V. Jessee, Flemish Giant Rabbits,
first and second prizes.
D. Q. Givens, Brown Leghorns, 1st,
Pen and second Special premium in
Mediterranean class
Jack Gossage, W. Wyandottes, 2nd
and first pen.
J. D. Graves, Buff Leghorns.. 2nd
pen.
L .B. Gilliam, Barred Rocks, 1st pen
Sweepstakes and special in American
class
Mrs. A .E Davis, Mottled Anconas,
1st. _. .
W. A. Lampert, W. Leghorns, First.
W. L. Smith, W. Leghorns, 2nd.
L. P. Thomas, S. C. B. Leghorns
2nd.
Mrs J. B Warwick, test Solid color-
ed Male.
S. A. Broome, S. C. R. I. Reds 1st,
and best parto colored male.
Will Sanders, S. C. Black Minorcas,
1st, pen and best pen in Med. class
Walter Sanders, S. C. B. Minorcas,
second pen.
SENIOR EGGS.
LY C. Thompson, Browns,
L. B. Gilliam, browns, First.
T. W. Imboden, Browns, 2nd
W. A. Lampert, White, 1st
TURKEYS
D. H. Wright, Bronze
J. C. Peoples White Hollands. Jun-
ior First.
W. A. Lampert, bronze, 1st.
Geo. Nelson, Bronze Second
W. L. Smith. Bourbon Reds, 1st.
JUNIOR CLASS
Unice Davis, oGlden Laced Wyan-
dottes, 1st
Allie May Thompson, Barred Rocks,
1st.
Nettie Thompson, Buff Rocks, 1st.
Essie Graves, Buff Leghorns, 1st.
Dixie Graves, Buff Leghorns, 2nd.
George Graves, White Pekin Ducks,
1st.
J. C .People Black Langshan, 1st.
J. C. Peoples, S. C. R. L Reds, 1st
J. C .Peoples, Lisrht Bramahs 1st.
Lester Smith, W Lerhorns, 1st.
Lester Smith, New Zealand rabbits
1st. . "
Minnie Thomas, Brown Leghorns,
1 Leo Cotton, barred rocks, 2nd
Minnie Thomas. B. Leghorns, 2nd
Lester Smith, Buff Orpington Ducks
| 2nd.
JUNIOR EGGS
Nettie Thompson, brawns 1st.
Allie Thompson, browns. 2nd.
CANDY KITCHEN REOPENED
Two doors aoath of Gooda*a-Stark-
ey Gates Furniture Store. Freeh Home
made candy, made right, priced right.
-DOC" The Candy M-n.
An Invitation and Welcome
Awaits You
To uitt'iid the niretinffii nn«l become n iim iiiIht
of the Chamber of Coiitiiieret* of Mnninuii itntl
(Irrcr County.
Our ortfniiijmtioii ha* for it* | ur|H w tho lM'ttt r-
iiK'iit of condition* uf the community nud it* cit-
izenship.
Your co-o|H'rjition will benefit tin all nnd uid in
the ] ur|N>s('4 of the Organization.
Our invitation i* to every m otl citizen of Greer
county. It will never be withdrawn. It i* to you
today, tomorrow and for all time; But take ad-
vantage of it at the flrat opportunity.
ta't all our people work in unison.
P. A. JANEWAY, President, D. B. DIAL, Sec.
TO GREER COUNTY FARMERS! INSPECTOR ROMPS ON COM MIS-
SIONERS
If you have sold Cotton Seed to|
Ginners or Oil Mills in this county for|
less than the stabalised price, which is;
$61.50 per ton, please call at my of-!
fice and sign an affidavit to that ef-
fect.
D. R. DIAL, County Federal
Food Administrator.
ODD FELLOWS MEET
There will be a spec a 1 and impor-
tant meeting of the Odd Fellows Mon-
day evening, December 23. Degrees
will be conferred. Refreshments ser-
ved.
BIG MEETING SATURDAY NIGHT
The Masonic Lodge will confer the
3 degrees by spccial dispensation, Sat-
urday evening, December 21. Will
start work promptly at 7 p. m. Come
early. Visiting brethren welcome. Re-
freshments will be served.
L. I. BENNETT, W. M.
ED HENRY IMPROVED
W. B. Henry received a letter from
Ed this week stating that he is recov-
ering from his severe injuries caused
by being gassed. Mrs. Ed Henry also
received a letter which Ed had written
himself. He says he has been in the
hospital since October 26th. He is now
able to go about and says he regularly
takes in picture shows which are giv-
en for the patients in the hospital.
MASONS ELECT OFFICERS
At the regular election held in Man-
gum by the Masonic lodge recently
the following officers were elected:
A. C. Comstock, W. M.
W. O. Watt, S. W.
N. H. Mathewson, J. W.
A. L. Freeman, Secretary.
L. I. Bennett, Treasurer.
On Friday evening December 27th,
St. John's Day, the Blue Lodge and
the Eastern Star will hold combined
Installation ceremonies. The program
will begin promptly at 7:30 p. m. All
members are urged to be present.
Inspector Savage of the State Health
Deartment has been in the city#>r tho
past ten daya looking up the condi-
tions of the Hotels restaurants, etc.,
and inspecting the sanitary condition
of the city in a general way. He was
rather plain in his remarks to the city
officers on account of their permitting
so many unsanitary clasets and toilets
in this city. He has issued a special
order to the City and the citizens
thereof which we set forth in full be-
low. The City Manager, R. B. Sn«fll
says the order will be carried out and f
that all persons must connect with the
sewer or erect sanitary closets at once.
He says there is but one thing to do,
and he must obey the mandates of the
State Health Department.
Mangum, Okla. Dec. 17, 1918.
To the City Officials of tha City ot
Mangum, Okla:—
I have tliis day issued Sanitary or-
der No. 296 of the State Board of
Health, citing violations for failure to
make sewer connections, also for fail-
ure to have sanitary Closets where the
property is not adjacent to the Sewer
System. I have hereby set aside Sani-
tary Orders of the State Board of
Health Nos. 298 to 800 inclusive for
you to issue in my name to each indi-
vidual violator.
Geo. B. Savage, State Inspector.
For the State Board of Health of
Oklahoma.
SOMETHING GOOD TO EAT
There will be a pie Supper at the
North Mangum Church Friday night,
December 20th. Everybody invited
Ycu will really enjoy a good old time
pie social. Proceeds for the church.
Old and young be sure to come.
!■ I . • . -4
Santa Claus will be at
Hamilton Hdw. store
T uesday, not Saturdy
Read "Ad" On Another Page
IV la ai.. ,
by (he ability aad _
«m*m, M„ even e*Mt*roe of lha _
era to **e the Ihlag threath ta the
rt t. -Well begaa i* half done,* bat It
doe. not brine to coatpletiva the lat-
ter half.
We are h M aaw eavagad la ene et
the moot important drive* of the year,
The Red Croe* Memherahip Drive.
Dietftet Chairmen aad aavhers have
fecn appelate! la every Dlatrict in tha
Ceanty. TV -nemberahip Intrttollaa la
being given 1a every nook aad roraec
of our land and the realisation of tha
•lie of thi. great army ahould in*plre
every worker with the greatest deter-
mination and real.
Let u* keep la mind the goal 'Every
man. wumnn and child a member of tha
Red Cro*.." Rome dutriet* are already
retorting the goal having been at-
tained. Work for thi* end. Double tha
membership in the diatrict. Let no part
of the County report the work there
completed until the memherahip af last
year ahall have been at least surpaa*
aed.
The enclosed teiegiam of SUM
Chairman Phillips i* to the point
Oklahoma City, Dec. 17, 101*.
R. D. Browned, Mangum, Okla.
deport* show alarming lagging ti
interest. If we are to pay our obliga-
tion to humanity in Red Cross you will
have to back up to i?et pep in your
workers and rarry on intensive solic-
itations. We must not fail in this our
supreme oblgation. Keep going aad
send us report promptly.
L. E. PHILLIPS.
Work, Work, Work, Let every com-
miteeman redouble his efforts. After
tho district has been canvassed, check
up the results and look for the fam-
ily that has been missed. Go back s-
gain. "Mop up the trenches." Let tha
members of every Branch and Auxil-
ary In the County gat busy nnd help.
Let every person wno believes .n thi
work of the Red Cross put a shoulder
to the wheel and help. The successful
termination of the battles of Chateaa
Thierry and Sossions, of which John
Nelson has told us, was accomplished
by every man's doing his part. Every
person in Greer County should be a
worker in this campaign.
Just a word regarding opposition. Do
not stop to argue the matter with a
man who does not believe in the Red
Cross. The German is sUll In the tend.
Low, malicot|B, insinuating is his fav-
orite weapon. Pass such one by.
rhe words of Pershing at the tomb
of Lafayette is applicable to
paigii, "Lafeyette, we have nar
With a hundred million members en-
rolled in the Red Cross we can say to
the nations of blood-stained Europe:
"Europe we have come."
RED CROSS WILL GIVE BEAUTI-
FUL ftUILT.
The Ladies of the Presbyterian
Church recently finished a vary pret-
ty quilt and gave it to the Red Cross
here. The quilt is made of many cros-
ses of red and squares of white. The
names of most of the prominent pea-
pie and Red Cross workers of Msn-
gum have been worked into the t«L
There are several hundred names ia
the quilt. The work is very well done
and makes a quilt which any eaa
might value very highly.
This quilt will be given by the lo-
cal Red Cross to *me J«dy to
county. A voting contest will be held
and the lady receiving the most votes
will be awarded the quilt. The voting
contest will close January «h at 4
P of course the votes will be sold aad
all proceeds will go to our excellent
Red Cross Society of Mangum. Aay
lady in Greer County may enter or ha
entered in the contest
fS
■Kls
i*
k /<s
Seven Big Reels
THE WOODROW THEATRE
Dec. 20 Friday and Saturday Dec. 21
Matinee and Night Admission 1 5 and 25c
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Jessee, Elmer V. The Mangum Star And Southwest Eagle (Mangum, Okla.), Vol. 31, No. 27, Ed. 1 Thursday, December 19, 1918, newspaper, December 19, 1918; Mangum, Oklahoma. (https://gateway.okhistory.org/ark:/67531/metadc276325/m1/1/: accessed April 19, 2024), The Gateway to Oklahoma History, https://gateway.okhistory.org; crediting Oklahoma Historical Society.