The Hollis Tribune. (Hollis, Okla.), Vol. 4, No. 11, Ed. 1 Friday, October 31, 1913 Page: 4 of 6
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HOLLIS, OKLA., TRIBUNE
wooM
THE
Installment 21
The State* Apathetic.
But when the commissioners asBevn-
1>led they found only five states repre-
sented—Virginia, Pennsylvania, Dela-
ware, New Jersey and New York.
Maryland had suddenly fallen indif-
ferent. and had not appointed dele-
gates. New Hampshire, Massachu-
setts. Rhode Island and North Caro-
lina had appointed delegates, but (hey
had not taken the trouble to come.
Connecticut, 8outh Carolina and Geor-
gia had ignored the call altogether.
The delegates who were in attend-
ance, besides, had come with only the
most jealously restricted powers; only
New Jersey, in her great uneasiness
at being neighbor to ihe powerful
states of New York and Pennsylvania,
had authorized her representatives to
"consider how far a uniform system
In their commercial regulations and
other Important matters might be nee
©Bsary to the common interest and
permanent harmony of the several
states."
Hamilton's Stirring Appeal.
The other delegates had no such
iscope; all deemed It futile to attempt
their business In so small a conven-
tion; and It was resolved to make an-
other opportunity.
Alexander Hamilton of New York
drew up their address to the states,
and In It made bold to adopt New Jer-
sey's hint, and ask for a conference
which should not merely consider
questions of trade, but also "devise
such further provisions as should ap-
pear to them necessary to render the
constitution of the federal govern-
ment adequate to the exigencies of the
Union."
Hamilton held with Washington for
a national government.
Congress Indifferent.
He had been born, and bred as a lad,
In the West Indies, and had never
received the local pride of any colony-
stnte into his blood. He had served
with the army, too, in close Intimacy
with Washington, and, though twenty-
five years his captain's Junior, had
seen as clearly as he saw the deep
hazards of a nation's birth.
The congress was indifferent, If not
hostile, to the measures which the ad-
dress proposed; and the Btates would
have acted on the call aB Blackly as be-
fore, had not the winter brought with
It something like a threat of social
revolution, and fairly startled them
out of their negligent humor.
The Rebellion of Shays.
The central counties of Massachu-
setts broke Into violent rebellion, un-
der one Shays, veteran of the Revolu-
tion—not to reform the government,
but to rid themselves of It altogether;
'to shut the courts and escape the pay-
ment of debts and taxes.
The insurgents worked their will for
weeks together; drove out the officers
of the law, burned and plundered at
pleasure through whole districts, liv-
ing upon the land like a hostile army,
and were brought to a reckoning at
last only when a force thousands
strong had been levied against them.
States Sympathize With Shays.
The contagion spread to Vermont
and New Hampshire; and. even when
the outbreak had been crushed, the
states concerned were Irresolute In
the punishment of the leaders.
Rhode Island declared her sympathy
•with the insurgents; Vermont offered
them asylum; Massachusetts brought
the leaders to trial and convic-
tion, only to pardon and set them free
again.
Congress dared do no more than
make covert preparation to check a
jfeneral riBing.
Washington's Indignant Protest.
"You talk, my good sir," wrote
"Washington to Henry Lee in congress,
"of employing influences to appease
the present tumults in Massachusetts.
, I know not where that influence is to
be found, or, if attained, that it would
be a proper remedy for the disor-
ders. Influence 1b no government, Let
us have one by which our lives, liber-
• ties and properties will be secured, or
Jet us know the worst at once."
It was an objtct lesson for the whole
> country; the dullest and the most
lethargic knew now what slack gov-
ernment and financial disorder would
produce.
The states one and all—save Rhode
Island—bethought ..hem of the con-
vention called to meet in Philadelphia
on the second Monday in May, 1787,
and delegates were appointed
Even congress took the lesson to
heart, and gave its sanction to the
conference.
The legislature of Virginia put
Washington's name at the head of its
own list of delegates, and after his
name the names of Patrick Henry,
Edmund Randolph, John Blair, James
Madison, George Mason, and George
Wythe—the leading names of the
istate, 110 man could doubt.
But Washington hesitated. He had
already declined to meet the Society
«t the Cincinnati in Philadelphia about
the same time, he said, and thought it
«?ould be disrespectful to that body, to
whom he owed much, "to be there on
any other occasion."
He even hinted a doubt whether the
convention was constitutional. Its
evowed purposes being what they
•were until congress tardily sanction
«d it.
His real reasons his intimate friends
must have divined from the first. They
knew him better in such matters than
he knew himself. He not only loved
his retirement; he deemed himBelf a
soldier and man of action, and no
statesman. '
The floor of assemblies had never
Beemed to him his principal sphere of
duty.
He had thought of staying away
from the house of burgesses on priv
ate business 20 years ago, when he
knew that the stamp act was to be de-
bated. Hut it was not for the floor or
the approaching convention that his
friends wanted him; they told him
from the first he must preside.
He was known to be In favor of giv
Ing the Confederation powers that
would make it a real government, and
he thought that enough; but they
wanted the whole country to see him
pledged to the actual work, and. when
they had persuaded him to attend,
knew that they had at any rate won
the confidence of the people in their
patriotic purpose.
His mere presence would give them
power.
The Virginians First to Arrive.
Washington and the other Virginians
were prompt to be In Philadelphia on
the day appointed, but only the Penn-
sylvania delegates were there to meet
them.
They had to wait an anxious week
before so many aB seven Btates were
represented. Meanwhile, those who
gathered from day to day were nerv
oub and apprehensive, and there was
talk of compromise and halfway meas-
ures, should the convention prove
weak or threaten to miscarry.
Washington's Brave Words.
They remembered for many a long
year afterwards how nobly Washing
ton. "standing self-collected in the
midst of them," had uttered brave
counsels of wisdom in their rebuke.
"It is too probable." he said, "that no
plan we propose will be adopted. Per-
haps another dreadful conflict is to be
sustained. If, to please the people, we
offer what we ourselves disapprove,
how can we afterwards defend our
work? Let us raise a standard to
which the wise and honest can repair.
The event Is in the hand of God."
It was an utterance, they knew, not
of statesmanship merely, but of char-
acter; and it was that character, if
anything could, that would win the
people to their, support.
President of the Convention.
When at last seven states were rep-
resented—a quorum of the thirteen—
an organization was effected, and
Washington was unanimously chosen
president of the convention.
He spoke, when led to the chair, "of
the novelty of the scene of business
In which he was to act. lamented his
want of better qualifications, and
claimed the indulgence 'of the house
towards the involuntary errors which
his Inexperience might occasion;" but
no mere parliamentarian could have
given that anxious body such steadi-
ness In business of such grave earn-
estness in counsel as it got from his
presence and Influence In the chair.
Five more states were in attendance
before deliberation was very far ad
vaneed; but he had the satisfaction to
see his own friends lead upon the
floor.
Washington's Friends Lead.
It was the plan which Edmund Ran-
dolph proposed, for his fellow Virgin-
ians, which the convention accepted as
a model to work from; it was James
Madison, that young master of coun
sel, who guided the deliberations from
day to day, little as he showed his
hand In the work or seemed vto put
himself forward in debate.
No speeches came from the presi-
dent; only once or twice did he break
the decorum of his office to temper
some difference of opinion or facilitate
some measure of accomodation.
It was the 17th of September when
the convention at last broke up; the
19th when the Constitution it had
wrought out was published to the
country.
All the slow summer through
Washington had kept counsel with
the rest as to the anxious work that
was going forward behind the closed
doors of the long conference: it was a
grateful relief to be rid of the pain-
ful strain, and he returned to Mount
Vernon like one whose part in the
work was done.
Keen for New Government.
"I pever saw him so keen for any-
thing in my life as he is for the adop-
tion of the new scheme of govern
ment," wrote a visitor at Mount Ver-
non to Je£T*son; but he took no other
part than his correspondence afforded
him in the agitation for its acceptance.
Throughout all those long four
months in Philadelphia he had given
his whole mind and energy to every
process of difficult counsel l > which it
had been wrought to completion; but
be was no politician. Earnestly as he
commended the plan to his friends, he
took no public part either in defense
or in advocacy of it.
He read not only the Federalist pa
pers, iu which Hamilton and Madi-
son and Jay made their masterly plea
for the adoption of the Constitution,
but also "every performance which has
; been printed on the one side and the
other on the great question," he said,
I so far as he was able to obtain them;
| and he felt as poignantly as any man
1 the deep excitement of the moment-
I ous contest.
' It disturbed him keenly to find
George Mason opposiug the constitu-
tion—the dear friend from whom he
; had always accepted counsel hitherto
\ in public affairs—and Richard Henry
1 I^ee and Patrick Henry, too, in their
I passionate attachment to what they
deemed the just sovereignty of Vir-
ginia.
He could turn away with all his old
self-poBsesBion, nevertheless, to dlB-
cuss questions of culture and tillage,
in the midst of the struggle, with Ar-
thur Young over sea, and to write
very gallant compliments to the Mar-
quis de Chastellux on his marriage.
Compliments the Marquis. •
"So your day has at length come,"
he laughed. "1 am glad of it with all
my heart and soul. It is quite good
enough for you. Now you are well
served for coming to fight in favor of
the American rebels all the way across
the Atlantic ocean, by catching that
terrible contagion—domestic felicity—
which, like the smallpox, or the
plague, a man can have only once In
his life, because it commonly lasts him
1 at least with us in America—I don't
know how you manage such matters
in France) for his whole lifetime."
Ten months of deep but quiet agi-
tation—the forces of opinion in close
grapple—and the future seemed to
clear.
The constitution was adopted, only
twro states dissenting.
It had been a tense and stubborn
fight; in such states as Massachusetts
and New York, the concerted action
of men at the centers of trade against
the instinctive dread of centralization
or change in the regions that lay back
from the rivers and the sea; iu states
like Virginia, where the mass of men
waited to be .led the leaders who had
vision against those who had only the
slow wisdom of caution and presenti-
ment.
Virginia Maintained the Initiative.
Rut, though she acted late in the
business, anil some home-keeping
spirits among even her greater men
held back, Virginia did not lose , the
place of initiative she had had in all
this weighty business of reform.
Something in her air or her life had
given her In these latter years an ex-
traordinary breed of public men—men
liberated from local prejudice, pos-
sessed of a vision and an efficacy in
affairs worthy of the best traditions
of statesmanship among the English
race from which they were sprung,
capable of taking the long view, of
seeing the permanent lineB of leader-
ship upon great questions, and shap-
ing ordinary views to meet extraor-
dinary ends.
Even Henry and Mason could take
their discomfiture gracefully, loyally,
like men bred to free institutions: and
Washington had the deep satisfaction
to see his state come without hesita-
tion to his view and hope.
Country Demands Washington.
The new constitution made sure of,
and a time set by congress for the
elections %.d the organization of a
; new government under it, the coun-
try turned as one man to Washington
to be the first president of the United
States.
"We cannot, sir, do without you,"
cried Governor Johnson of Maryland,
"and 1 and thousands more can ex-
plain to anybody but yourself why we
cannot do without you."
To make any one else president, it
seemed to men everywhere, would be
like crowning a subject while the king
was by.
Washington Holds Back.
But Washington held back, as he
had held back from attending the con-
stitutional convention. He doubted his
civil capacity, called himself an old
man, said "it would be to forego re-
| pose and domestic enjoyment for
trouble, perhaps for public obloquy."
I "The acceptance." he declared,
"would be attended with more diffi-
dence and reluctance than 1 ever ex-
perienced before in my life."
But he was not permitted to de-
cline. Hamilton told him that his at-
tendance upon the constitutional con-
] vention must be taken to have pledged
him in the view of the country to
j ;ake part also in the formation of the
government. "In a matter so essen-
tial to the well-being of society as
the prosperity of a newly instituted
| government." said tlic great advocate,
"a citizen of so much conscquence as
yourself to its success has no option
but to lend his services. If called for.
Permit me to say it would be inglori-
ous, in such a situation, not to hazard
the glory, however great, which he
might have previously acquired."
Yields to Popular Will.
Washington, of course, yielded, like
the simple-minded gentleman and sol-
I dier he ae. when it was made thus a
j matter of duty.
! When the votes of the electors were
{opened in the new congress, and ft
I was found that they were one and all
for him, he no longer doubted. He did
not know bow to decline such a call,
and turned with all his old courage to
the new task.
nue hiembers of the new congress
were so laggard In coming together
that it was the 6th of April, 1789, be-
fore both houses could count a
quorum, though the 4th of March had
been appointed the day for their con-
vening.
Washington Notified.
Their first business was the opening
and counting of the electoral votes;
and on the 7th Charles Thomson, the
faithful and sedulous gentleman who
had been clerk of every congress
since the first one in the old colonial
days fifteen years ago, got away on
bis long ride to Mount Vernon to no-
tify Washington of his election.
Affairs waited upon the issue of his
errand. Washington had for long
known what was coming, *nd was
ready and resolute, as of o'.g-
There had been no formal nomina-
tions for the presidency, 8'ii the votes
of the electors had lain uimer seal till
the new congress met and found a
quorum; but it was an open secret
who had been chosen president, and
Washington had made up his mind
what to do.
Bids His Mother Farewell.
Mr. Thomson reached Mount Ver-
non on the 14th, and found Washing-
ton ready to obey his summons at
once.
He waited only for a hasty ride to
Fredericksburg to bid his aged mother
farewell.
She was not tender In the parting.
Her last days had come, and she had
set herself to bear with grim resolu-
tion the fatal disease that had long
been upon her. She had never been
tender, and these latter days had add-
ed their touch of hardness.
But It was a tonic to her son to
take her farewell, none the less to
hear her once more bid him God-
speed. and once more command him.
as she did. to his duty.
On the morning of April 16 Wash-
ington took the northern road as so
often before, and pressed forward on
the way for New York.
The setting out was made with a
very heavy heart; for duty had never
seemed to him so unattractive as it
seemed now, and his difference had
never been so distressing.
"For myself the delay may be com-
pared t.c. a reprieve." he had written to
Knox, when he learned how slow con-
gress was in coming together, "for in
confidence I tell you that my move-
ments to the chair of government will
be accompanied by feeling not unlike
those of a culprit who is going to the
place of execution."
Departs with a Heavy Heart.
When the day for his departure
came, his diary spoke the same heavi-
ness of heart. "About ten o'clock,"
he wrote, "I bade adieu to Mount Ver-
non, to private life, and to domestic
felicity; and with a mind oppressed
with mere anxious and painful sensa-
tions than I have words tp express, set
out for New York."
He did not doubt that he was doing
right; he doubted his capacity In civil
affairs, and loved the sweet retirement
and the free life he was leaving be-
hind him.
Grief and foreboding did not In the
least relax his proud energy and
promptness in action. He was not a
whit the less resolute to attempt this
new role and stretch his powers to the
uttermost to piay it in masterful fash-
ion.
He was only wistful and full of a
sort of manly sadness; lacking not
resolution, but only alacrity.
Obliged to Borrow Money.
He £ad hoped to the last that he
would be suffered to spend the rest of
his dayB at Mount Vernon; he knew
the place must lack efficient keeping,
and fall once more out of repair un-
der hired overseers; he feared his
strength would be spent and his last
years come ere he could return to look
to and enjoy it himself again.
He had but just now been obliged to
borrow a round sum of money to meet
pressing obligations; and the expenses
of this $ery journey had made it neces-
sary to add a full hundred pounds to
that new debt.
(TO BE CONTINUED.)
PERIOD OF PREPARATION FOR WINTER
Two Houdan pullets hatched April, 1912. They commenced laying In Sep-
tember and from October 1 to April 1st of this year, laid 291 eggs.
France to Tax Foreign Labor.
Americans as well as other foreign-
ers doing business In France may be
the object of legislation, the purpose
of which is to relieve Frenchmen from
one kind of competition at home.
A law has been proposed forbidding
any company or firm which has one
or several foreign managers or direc-
tors from employing more than 10 per
cent, of its staff from foreigners.
Statistics show that foreigners are
encroaching upon agricultural France
on all her frontiers. The Belgians
come from the north, the Germans
from the east, the Italians cross the
Alps, and the Spaniards the Pyrenees
to find easier conditions in the riches
of the republic. In the departments
o" ail these frontiers the foreign born
form an average of 10 per cent, of the
inhabitants.
Didn't Make Good.
"We've tried a new experiment in
our village." said the old gentleman
with gold-riinmed spectacles. "We de-
cided that as the tendency to vanity
waB so great there ought to be some
reward for people who were capable
of standing aside and rejoicing in oth-
ers' success. So we organized a so-
ciety for the presentation of mod
esty medals."
"How did it work?" asked the In-
terested listener.
Badly, I'm sorry to say. As soon
as a man won one of the medals he
would get to proud that we had to
take it away again."
These Miserable Men.
The girls complain that a man may
call stecdilv enough to keep all the
other chaps away, and Btill be a Ions
ways from being booked —Washing-
ton Herald.
(By RAT VAN BENTHUYSEN.)
From the early part of August until
the end of October the year-old stock
is going through a period of prepara-
tion for the coming winter by getting
rid of the worn and old covering and
acquiring a beautiful new one. A
slight molt is also experienced by
some young pullets that have been
hatched very early in the year. The
only time we have ever had a chance
to observe this, however, was in the
case of Bix Plymouth Rock pullets
that were hatched in February. These
1 began to lay in the latter part of Au-
I gust, and while they went through a
slight molt In the last part of Oc-
j tober, this molt was so gradual that
i it did not seem to affect the egg yield
I to any noticeable extent. Other ex-
periences that we have heard of differ
from this and the above is probably
| the exception rather than the rule.
! Generally speaking, it appears that
I pullets hatched earlier than the first
j part of March will go through the molt
■ in October und November and may
not resume laying until late in Jan-
I uary. Therefore, it would seem that
j old hens or April and early May
I hatched pullets are the most desired
' for early winter laying and for breed-
j ing purposes.
Regarding the heavy molt which
| happens after the pullet year, several
j tests have been made from time to
time to see if this molt could be
' "forced" so that the hens would re-
I sume laying at least in November. In
1 forcing the molt, the general plan is
[ to starve the flock for a period of
J from four to six weeks and then feed
j heavily during the remainder of the
I period. It has generally been found,
however, that the fowlB will molt al-
) most as quickly under normal condi-
j tions as they will if forced.
It is not generally known that the
time for a fowl to complete its molt
extends from about 80 days (in the
| pullet year) to over 100 days (for the
, older birds). Therefore, if a yearling
| begins molting in the middle of Au-
J gust she will not have her full plum-
I age until about the middle of Novem-
ber. This, however, is the earliest
date for the molt to commence and in
GUINEA FOWL IS
MOST DELICIOUS
Cross of Pearl and White Will
Produce Carcass Resem-
bling English Grouse.
(By MICHAEL K. BOYER.)
The Guinea hen is a good layer, but
on account of the wild, gamey flavor,
the eggs have never had an extensive
sale for table use. However, by turn-
ing the eggs into broilers or roasters
a considerable profit will be derived.
The flesh is the nearest substitute we
have for the wild game.
The Guinea 1b of a roving disposi-
tion. and one of the best known de-
stroyers of insects.
The laying season starts in early
April and continues until October, the
hen laying as many as 120 eggs in a
season. In the early part of the sea-
son it is not advisable to let the
Guinea hen hatch a brood, as she is
of too restless a nature, and will not
give her yovjng the proper attention.
But after the first of July, on account
of the warm weather, she will be
more quiet, and can be safely entrust-
ed with a brood.
It requires four weeks to hatch out
Guineas. The hen always hides her
nest, and that, too, in some very ob-
scure place. As it comes off the nest
It gives a shrill cry, and In that way
the hiding place can be detected. All
the hens of a flock are apt to lay in
the same nest, and in taking away
the eggs they should not be touched
with the hands, for if the hen discov-
ers that the nest has been touched
she will desert it and hunt another
place. But if the eggs are removed
with a stick she will not leave the
nest, even though the eggs are taken
out nearly every day.
It is claimed that a cross of tlie
Pearl and White Guineas will produce
a carcass closely resembling that of
the English grouse. If rightly cooked,
the meat of even an old bird will be
tender and delicious, while that of the
young bird is unsurpassed as a broil-
er or frier. The dressed Guinea has
some cases the hens do not begin till
the last part of October or early in
November. When such a late molt
takes place the time for the complete
molt 1b generally not much more than
two months.
Since it has practically been proven
that forcing of the molt is not effect-
ive, except in a few Individual cases,
it would seem that the only thing to
do in this period is to take as good
care as 1b possible with the flock so
that the fowls may finish their molt
in the best health. It will be under-
stood by anyone that the shedding of
feathers and the building up of the
new covering is a strain 011 any fowl
and while the owner 1b getting al-
most no returns from his flock this is
the time when their feeding should
be most carefully watched. The usual
habit is, however, to neglect the flock
during this period simply because they
are not giviug good results.
One of the best recommended mix-
tures to be fed the flock during the
molting period is given below. This
does not vary much from the feed
given during the rest of the year ex-
cept that cracked corn is used in-
stead of whole corn and not as much
corn is fed during the warmer months
as during winter.
Scratch mixture—Wheat 10 lbs., oats
10 lbs., cracked corn 16 lbs.
Hopper mixture—Corn meal 4 lbs.,
wheat bran 2 lbs., wheat middlings 3
lbs., oil meal 1 lb., alfalfa meal 1 lb.,
meat scraps 1 lb.
This latter mixture was used by the
Cornell experimental station In tests
along these lines.
Our general opinion is that more
thought should be giyen this question
of molting, and that careful attention
should be given flocks at this time.
The days when 50 eggs per year per
hen would be considered Bufficiertt
have passed and It is remembered
that we now throw out the hen with
such a record and even criticize the
100-egg hen ; we should also remember
that the results we expect cannot be
reached unless we give the flock the
best care that we possibly can and
consider no details too small to be
overlooked in the dally routine.
a round, plump body, good-sized
breast, and small bones.
Guineas will pair if the sexes are
equal. They generally lay between
the hours of ten o'clock in the moru-
ing and two o'clock in the afternoon.
Until well feathered, the young
Guineas are delicate and tender. It
is not advisable to hatch before June.
The Guinea cock bird cares as much
for the young as does the hen, guard-
ing them during the day and hover-
ing them at night.
The male bird iB larger than the fe-
male, is more aggressive, and has a
different call. The hen makes a
noise sounding like "Come back,
come back." while the male gives
"Tick, tick!" The cry of the Guinea
is one of warning to the rest of the
poultry, and they at once hide until
the alarm ceases.
Guineas do not scratch like other
fowls, and therefore are safe to have
in the garden. They should be given
their freedom. aB they do not thrive
in confinement.
Making Calla Lilies Bloom.
A busy woman puts her callas out
in the border during the summer and
treats them as she does her vege-
tables—keeping the weeds down aril
hoeing occasionally. In September
she p« 's them in a good-sized pot,
allowing an inch of 6tones for drain-
age. She uses good, rich potting soil
and when the new growth appears in
December she places the pot in a
crock and four or five times a week
pours a quart of almost boiling water
in the crock. She reports that often
four and five Cowers bloom at the
same time.
it
Look After the Fences.
Don't forget to fix the fences. A
trip around the pasture and field
fences now and then will often save
trouble, strength and the time of
having to 'drive the cattle back into
the pasture. Animals are almost hu-
man when it comes to going where
some one does not want them. Re-
move the suggestion, therefore, by
not allowing any sags in the wire or
any loose or decayed posts in the line.
A well-kept fence is an indication of
a good farmer.
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Soule, J. S. The Hollis Tribune. (Hollis, Okla.), Vol. 4, No. 11, Ed. 1 Friday, October 31, 1913, newspaper, October 31, 1913; Hollis, Oklahoma. (https://gateway.okhistory.org/ark:/67531/metadc234062/m1/4/: accessed April 23, 2024), The Gateway to Oklahoma History, https://gateway.okhistory.org; crediting Oklahoma Historical Society.