The Cordell Weekly Beacon. (Cordell, Okla.), Vol. 8, No. 1, Ed. 1 Thursday, July 28, 1904 Page: 3 of 8
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Charm
CtJETWPE
The Commercial Orchard.
Commercial orchards are being
planted on a large scale In many sec-
tions of the apple regions. Large
contiguous blocks reaching one to
three thousand acres, are being
handled successfully, yet we believe
that .the same number of trees plant-
ed In ten to twenty-acre plots would
give better results. It has occurred
to us In our observations covering a
number of years that it would be bet
ter In planting forty or eighty acres
as the case may be, to plant In blocks,
leaving avenues at least one hundred
yards wide, which could be cultivated
In small fruits or other crops. Our
reasons for this Is that In our expert
ence In parking apples we have found
that after the trees have become large
the limbs almost If not reaching each
other, that the fruit Is not so perfect
in the large orchards as It Is In the
smaller ones, and have come to the
conclusion that It Is easier to combat
the ravages of Insects and fungi In the
smaller tflots than It Is In very largt-
plantatlons. As the extended and un-
frequented forest is the habitation of
wild animals and birds, so may the
extensive orchards after becoming
thickly grown become to a greater ex-
"ter.t the habitation and harbor for in-
sects and fungi, than the smaller and
more frequented blocks. As a large
percent of the growth in the develop-
ment of trees, fruits and plants Is sup-
plied by light and air, we perhaps give
loo little consideration to this feature
af fruit culture, and have suffered by
doing so. We know of no vocation
that requires the application of goot^
judgment and common sense more, or
jne that pays any better on the cap-
ital Invested, when applied, than com-
mercial orcharding. The individual
must take the best information he can
get as to soil, varieties, care and cul-
ture, and intelligently apply It to his
needs, governed by local environments
with which he Is surrounded. Do this
and he will succeed In growing an or-
chard. The time for gathering our
commercial crops is also very import-
ant. Fruit should always be gathered
when at the proper stage of ripening,
regardless of the time of season. Geo.
T. Tippin, Before Wisconsin Horticul-
tural Society.
Holes for Tree Setting.
The mere digging of a hole for a
tree i9 a small matter, but often the
question of the hole In which the tree
Is to be set determines whether the
tree is to be a valuable producer of
fruit or not. In this work It is not
safe to take the example of another
man. On loamy prairie soils, where
the subsoil is of such a texture that
the water will readily drain away, the
digging of a hole about 18 inches deep
is the principal thing necessary in the
correct setting of an apple tree. But
most of our orchards are planted on
clay soil and frequently on hillsides,
where tho soil is so retentive of mois-
ture that the water does not drain off
readily after a storm. In such a case,
to dig a deep hole In land that has
not been plowed for a great many
years, if ever, is to make a puddle for
the tree. If there is a gentle slope to-
ward this hole the adjacent land will
pour its water Into It, and the hole
will become more of a pool thaa any-
thing else. A tree set in such a place
simply remains from year to year
without making much growth, seem-
ing to be engaged In a great struggle
with nature for existence. In a clay
soil the whole land Is so clayey that
water does not seep through it. Some
orchardists run a subsoil plow the
length of the rows that are to receive
the trees, so that the water will seep
from the soil around the tree into the
adjacent soil. We know of orchards
that are set on sandy hillsides. It is
evident that in such a location the
preparation of the hole In which the
tree Is to be set is of no moment, as
the subsoil is of such composition
that the water cannot remain to
drown out the trees.
Skill In Draining Land.
It is only in modern" times that
land drainage has been reduced to a
science and the drainage engineer na
put in an appearance. Previously
this time it was thought that any too
knew enough to dig a ditch In the soil
and line it with stones or drain pipe
and fix it so the water would run
through It. This was very nearly true
in sections of New England when land
drainage came into vogue, for the rea-
son that the ditch dug was large ana
the drain was made of stones. The
flat ones were laid for a cover over
the wall of smaller ones, and frequent-
ly the drain itself was a foot wide
and more than that high. It w*8
Acult to stop up a drain like that y
the sediment that ordinarily came in
with the drainage water. Then, too.
the fall was generally so great that
the water would push itself throug
anyway, carrying the sediment along
with it. But when agriculture ex-
tended to the plains of the *csl
proposition was a different one. Th
great pralrles'were so flat that It was
difficult often to discover in which way
the natural fall lay. Then..too, the
stones were absent and the drain tile
had to be made out of clay. Tn
gave rise to a business that was new
to the country, that of making drain
tile. The farmers, of course, did not
want to buy drain tile a foot in diam-
eter on account of tho cost. So the
smaller eizes were used, and at one
time the practice was to put ini tile
only two and a half inches tn diam-
eter. This has now increased again
to fonr Inches, which Is genemlly con-
ceded to be small enough for the ae-
slred results, when properly laid.
But with tile came a new probletn
that of making the ditch so perfect
that the tile would lie even every-
where. The flow of the water being
languid required to be unobstructe .
The current in the tile would seldom
have enough force to wash out the
sediment and If there was a low place
in the whole length of tile that would
soon become stopped up. The novice
tried to lay some of these drains an
did so. But in a few years many of
tUese drains became stopped up. so
that they ceased to work. They ha
then to be dug up or the land left
In the condition it was in before the
tile was put in. After a good many
expensive experiences of this kind
farmers began to employ civil en-
gineers to run their lines and 8lJP®r"
intend the laying of the tile. Thi
has been found to be the only safe
way In the prairie states. There are
some farmers now that think they are
smart enough to do their own drain-
age work, but the attempt often proves
very costly and will continue to do bo
at times We cannot advise this sort
of economy. It is cheaper to pay a
drainage engineer to do the wor
properly than it Is to have a draln®B®
system that will not work or one that
has to be dug out and reconstructed
Dairying in Holland.
In an address to Indiana dairymen,
Prof. G. L. McKay said:
No country is more interesting to a
'.raveler who Is Interested in dairying
than little Holland. The country Is
peculiarly adapted for dairying, ow,n8
to its cool, moist climate. The north-
ern part of Holland presents a vey
unique picture to the traveler, with its
small, green fields dotted here ana
there with numerous windmills ana
the large herds of Holsteln-Freslan
cows quietly grazing. The monstrous
long-armed windmills, resembling an
old lighthouse above the sea, are usea
for various kinds of work. They grind
grain, pulverize rock and manufacture
paper, but their most important duty
Is to pump out the water from the
marshes Into canals so it may find an
exit to the sea. otherwise the low,®n^
woifld be submerged. Excep*l°®
Greece and Great Britain, no country
has so many Inlets aB Holland. T
Hollanders, as a people, might D
termed a little slow, but the govern
ment Is certainly not Blow In appre-
ciating the benefits that the coUntry
derives from dairying, as eight in-
structors are employed, largely a
by the government, whose duty it
to give free Instruction wherever It is
Everything pertaining to
kept scrupulously clean, even the co
in many cases being washed
they arc milked. I have never seen
a place where the old adage. Cleanli-
ness is next to Godliness." comes in
better, and I believe that the fine
flavor of the Holland cheese Is largely
due to their cleanliness. The Blow,
quiet customs of the people seem also
to have been transmitted to the cows.
Good grass land or land In the da ry
section brings a much higher price
than that in any other part of the
agricultural district. In the dairy
of Holland, dairying Is the chief occu
patton of the farmer, hence every care
Is given to the production of milk and
the care of milk. The farmer, as a
rule, does not try to follow any sclent!
tic method in feeding. Hoots, bay and
oil meal are fed. The oil meal Is used
only In the winter when cows are on
dry feed. They have no set rule as
regards the proportion of feed. This,
they maintain, depends upon the Judg
ment of the feeder and the cows he is
feeding.
Superintending the Farm.
The farmer that succeeds Is the one
that thinks and thlnkB to some end.
The superintendence of the farm is
the thing of most Importance to a
man that has a farm largo enough to
require the work of a number of men.
The man with the little farm can think
as he goes along, but not bo the man
that has a large area of expensive
land to control. This was forcibly
brought to our attention recently In
a visit to one of the most successful
farmers in Illinois. He said that one
of the greatest faults he had noticed
with unsuccessful farmers was their
lack of ability to plan. He himself
always made It a point to think out
the work days ahead, and to tell the
men the night before what they were
each to do on a certain day. He
cited the instance of one farmer that
lacked this power. He would not try
to think what to do till the day came
when the work was to be done and
then he never succeeded In arrang-
ing his work so as to save time. He
would say to one man, "Well, you go
over and repair tnat fence," and he
would go perhaps a mile to make a
little repair on a fence, which could
have been repaired when the men
were in that vicinity engaged on
some other work. This meant a loss
of time that was a very consideraole
factor when it was repeated over and
over throughout the year in various
forms. The man at the head of af-
fairs Is the one that must make the
farm work a success. If It Is to be a
success.
Pain Costs Money.
It pays to keep the animals com-
fortable. If an animal is subject to
discomforts of any kind It will de-
crease the gains he will make on feed.
This has been demonstrated over and
over again. At a Wisconsin conven-
tion a cattle feeder said: "You must
keep a steer comfortable. One time
I had my steers weighed in and one
had gained only ten pounds during the
month, while the others had gained
from fifty to sixty pounds each. I
thought of course my boys that had
weighed them had made a mistake.
The second month that steer gained
of Berlin Society
(Special Correspondence.)
"The Herr Doctor I. at dinner, but , slice, and "TcLZ miy
he will wish to see you." t -J STISSmSS
vant who answered the door-bell al^ P oSenBlve viletle8. itke Mru-
burger, are really no more common
than are equally pungent grades upon
English, French and Italian tables.
Delicious salads are almost Innum-
erable in their variety. In some ol
these salads various sorts of pickled
> IUI WUU onnncnu
handsome Berlin dwelling, where, with
a compatriot. I called one evening. We
were shown into the reception room,
and in a moment our friend appeared
—his name would be recognized the
world over as o^e very
eminent in
science. "Come right out into the
dining room!" he said cordially; "we
are nearly through dinnejf—but why
did you not come earlier?"
Places were made for ub at the ta-
ble and we were welcomed by the
Frau Doctorin with a heartiness as
fish, like herring and anchovies, give
the distinctive character. Rhine wlr.e
is the drink that consorts on most
favored terms with these cold dishes.
At dinner the fish Is customarily
served in boiled form. Trout are serr-
genuine as that of her husband,
any rate you must Join us in a cup
of coffee.' she said. "But first do try
a bit of this sweet." And she handed
us a saucer of something that looked
very tempting. Indeed, it was de-
licious: chestnuts, boiled and grated,
mixed with whipped cream.
We attempted to apologize for the
Intrusion upon their dinner hour but
were at once checked. "There is no
occasion for apology; you would be
ine seconu n.Umu supremely sagacious if you were am
only fifteen pounds, while the others to kt,pp run cf the dinner hours o
* * — — . . ....-Airiiinfp vour
Koenlg's Platz, Berlin.
•At ed curled up with tall in mouthy Po
Legal Enactments Regarding Milk.
In every state the legal enactments
regarding milk should be very strin-
gent. There Is no class of food that
should be better protected than milk.
The people that most need a pure
food are those that depend most on
milk. To give impure milk to an in-
valid or to an infant is often to des-
troy it. This Is hardly true of any
other food. No other food is so liable
to adulteration as is milk. We do not
believe that legal enactments will do
all the work. It Is only one of the
ways of improving the supply. In
saying this we are advocating a re-
form that Is both in favor of the con-
sumer and the producer. The purer
the milk the more of it wil be "®ed-
and the more of It Is used the better
will be the price that 1b paid for ^lt
had gained eighty pounds. I exain
ined that steer and I found he stood
where the floor had worn down and
that he had stood on his toes and bis
legs had become sore. He had been
in pain all the time. I took him out
of that place and put him In a box
stall, and he gained ninety pounds a
month for the next three months. At
your Berlin friends and regulate your
calls accordingly. We never attempt
It ourselves; we are likely to flnd^our
friends dining at any hour frona -.in
the afternoon to 9 in the evening.
There is no such thing as a conve -
tional dinner hour in Berlin society.
That was really the case. Few peo-
ple are more unconventional tbanjhe
monio lor mc utu — - pic arr •""" , „;i..
another time I let the Bteers out for) German8; ,hey simply «>n*nlt family
water and they ran hard and one steer
hit and cracked his horn. He gained
only fifteen pounds the next montlu
The rest gained eighty pounds each."
individual convenience in their so-
cial arrangements. They do not. al]ow
Mrs. Grundy to lay down arbitrary
rules to which everybody must con-
Business af-
form or fall from grace.
fairs may make an early dinner hour,
for instance, convenient for one fam-
and a late one convenient
Wheat Scab,
From the Farmers' Review; We en-
STcT,," szssnz i si •£.*"
. _ formers in the west-1 i.uused surplus left on the hands
UPOnhi?f oi L county are complain- the mllk producer. In most of o^r
in«r that their Wheat crops are badly states the laws are too lax regaramg
ing that their wheat c p.^ ^ ^. adn)terat,on of mliu and 8ale of
In states where the laws
K, County, K«W ' | -"SSff&SWIi ^
Milking by Contract.
J. H. Monrad, in New York Produce
Review, tells of A contract system of
milking in vogue on some farms in
Denmark. Women do the milking and very early, as 6 30 ,
are paid according to the amount of , o'clock, and g the din„cr
milk they extract from the cows or Among the leisurely - w,th
tatoes are small as a rule—rarely larg
er than walnuts; large potatoes are re
gareil as too coarse in flavor. These
little German potatoes are delicately
baked, a slight sqpeeze between the
fingers transfers the mealy contents tc
the plate. The best potatoes in th«
American markets are said to come
from Germany, and large quantities
are annually imported.
Ices are far less abundant at a Ger
man dinner than with us. In the au
tumn a feature of the dessert Is th«
fresh walnuts. They are esteemed a
great delicacy, and are eaten with
salt, after carefully removing the skin
from the kernels with the edges of th«
nut pick. Thin skin, when fresh, if
astringent and very bitter. The pro
cess takes time, and corresponding!)
prolongs the stay at table, with its op
portunities for conversation. One ap
predates the meaning of the saying
"lingering over the walnuts and wine.'
As elsewhere on the continent, the
German breakfast is light—simply •
cup of coffee and a roll or two. The
coffee is almost invariably good, par
ticularly at the p.'fes, where it is serv
ed with whipped cream In a fashloi
A beverage it
Forest Fires.
Of all the foes which attack the
woodlands of North America no other
is so terrible as fire. Forest fires
spring from many different causes,
says Gifford Plnchot. They are often
kindled along railroads by sparks from
the locomotives. Carelessness Is re-
sponsible for many fires. Settlers and
farmers clearing*1and or burning grass
and brush often allow the fire to es-
cape Into the woods. Some one may
drop a half-burned match or the glow-
ing tobacco of a pipe or cigar, or a
hunter or prospcctor may neglect to
extinguish his camp Are. or may build
It where It will burrow into the thick
duff far beyond his reach, to smolder
for days or weeks, and perhaps to
break out as a destructive fire long
after he Is gone. When the duff Is
very deep or the aoll peaty a fire may
hum beneath the surface of the
ground for weeks or even months,
sometimes showing its presence by a
little smoke, sometimes without giv-
ing any sign of life. Even a heavy
rain may fall to quench a fire of this
kind, which often breaks out again
long after It Is believed to be entirely
extinct. Fires which thus burn Into
the ground can sometimes only be
checked by digging a trench through
the layer of decaying wood and other
vegetable matter to tho mineral soil
beneath. Ground fires usually burn
much more slowly than surface fires
but they are exceptionally long lived
and very hard to put out. It Is of the
first Importance to attack such flreB
quickly before they have had time to
m > „ tV tkn anrfacA ftf
Sr=r |S=~=K===
We submitted the heads of wheat to LriMh
Professor Carman of the Kentucky garduring the past fewyea
-
:ie d'ue^to The'attacks^oV^pInWsh proving th. Milk Supply,
or yellowish fungus, described long Xo improve tho mllk supply It.
ago by an English botanist under the fiecessary to reach the producer, and
name Fuslsporium culmorum. The dis- he cannot be easily
ease has at times been complained ctty frlendB are continually demanding
of by Indiana and Ohio farmers but cleaner milk, but little '• ^
is not common in Kentucky, this being them to secure it. It is certain that
the first complaint that has come to pure milk could be obtained n
me from this state. The rather cold, very short time if the %* JSSu
damp spring Just closing has encour- went to work in an energetic maaner
aged such diseases and probably other to get it. The producer cares little
Kentucky farmers have suffered from for public oplnlonsolongasltdoeB
the same trouble, but failed to recog not touch him. But JS tn «ee
nlze It come to his place and demand to see
The fungus attacks the chaff and hls cows and bis sheds and say to him
seed from the outside, causing them that if these are not 1J'
to change in color, and the seed final m|ik will not be received in such and
ly shrivels. Often only the terminal 8UCh a place, he will begin to pay re-
nortkra of a head is affected, but fre- 8pectful heed to the desires of the n-
Sly the injury begins at the mld- L^tor. The most influentia l^
die where It may at first affect only Lpector Is the one that stands between
a single seed and Its glumes. the mllk producer and h s customers^
It Is doubtful If any treatment that This kind of an Inspector needs n
can be considered practicable would U.1 power. He needs only the power
heln the affected wheat, and It seems that comes from the consumers of
r.,:,'r.'.:. —* - -l--lrrir,rv:u
according to the amount of butter fat
contained in It. The Utter system
he regards as the better of the two.
as It Induces the milkers to strip the
cows carefully, knowing that the rich-
est milk Is in the stripplngs. The
milkers receive a certain sum of
money weekly and twice a year are
given what additional amount Is com-
ing to them on the basis of the fat
content of the mllk. This system
would probably work better on large
farms than on small ones and better
In Denmark than in the United States.
We imagine that it would be Just a
little difficult to get American milk-
ers to enter into an arrangement oI
that kind.
llv and a laie out , ; derived from Vienna.
another Public entertainments begin favor at the cafes is "chocolate-cafe,
rule: usually at 7 a roixture 0f chocolate and coffee, thai
6:3°- ' blends the qualities of the two.
in Berlin, as in most large cities. th«
hour is likely to be arranged with favorUe rf.8idence section is at th«
reference to that circumstance. In mt pn(J hei.e kllown as the Fried-
some families the hour for dining la rlchRta(„ ln the neighborhood of th«
elastic, according to the program f ; besiutlful great park, the Thiergarten,
the day; today it may be at 4. on ac- ^ handsome villas. As a rule,
count of engagements for the e>en- howeyer peopie live in flats, even i*
ing. to-morrow dinner may be served ^
upper classes. But it is not ^
at 7 o'clock. cramped sort of dwelling: the area li
Among the upper classes in Berlin ^ great that upon a single floor there
the food and the style of table service , ^ ag ro0m as Is a capa
are so much like what we are accus- hougp _n New Vork Bo8ton
tomed to at home ^ corresponding | ^ ph,ladelphla.
circles that in most thto«s The boU8e entrances are usually U
but little difference. Oysters a«• n ^ ^ ^ bfock Thp ha„s ar,
srss i sxrjrsr
Floors In the Hog House.
Some swine raisers use floors lu
their hog houses and some do not.
We find on investigation that there
is a wide difference of opinion ln
this regard. The small pens that are
placed in isolated spots sometimes
have floors in them, but often do not.
One swine raiser says that he at first
made wooden floors ln all of his
movable houses, but afterward so con-
structed them that they could be taken
out without Interfering with the rest
of the structure. The movable houses
were built to set on the floors and
could be removed by lifting off the
house. The floors are very advan-
tageous In cold weather when the
feeding should be done on something
rather than the snow. In summer,
when the weather Is good, the hogs,
he says, are better off on the ground
than on any kind of a floor.
suit of weather conditions.
I lilt? UOll J "— ill.
I cows and hla milkers and his mil*
Many a farmer applies the wrong | clean,
kind of fertiliser to his fields and
loses tho use of the money so spent.
What is th© use of adding to an ele-
ment that may be so abundant in
When Color Is Used.
The use of color Is not a thing that
can be done entirely by rule, as the
varies the amount of color she
the soil that it will last for hundred, cow Thu# ,n the ^
of years? <er th„ ercam l8 largPiy white, while
. I in the summer months and when
Agriculture is becoming very popu- ^ u an abundance of grass, the
lar with the people in the cities, and ^ ^ deep yeUow June coior has
a large number or well to-do men are me proverbial At this time of
preparing their sons to enter the agrl- ^ ^ butter l3 frequently colored
cultural colleges of the country. highly on account of the rapid
Increase of color when the cows go
A continual weeding out should be ontQ gra8g The buttermaker on the
practiced in the dairy. Successful farm ^nt^ue. to put ln the same
. «— amount that was added ln tho winter
and the butter that goes onto the
market has sometimes so much color
In It that it Is regarded by the best
customers as undesirable.
farming Is largely the keeping of
weeds out" of the growing crops. Suc-
cessful dairying Is keeping the poor
cows out of the dairy herd. TMfre
—--- ----- . ar„ other things to be done, but this
burrow far beneatt the surface of the I ^ ^ <he more important.
ground
Feeding the Calf.
When you get to the calf remember
patience. He doesn't understand your
deal—whether you want to veal him,
torpedo him or nurture him. Have a
prayer—learned at the maternal knee
—on your lips as you proceed. Tickle
his slimy, avaricious nose with the
tips of your fingers. As you .become
more deeply absorbed and things are
doln' don't forget the prayer. Hypnot-
ically your calm state of mind will
lead bossy to the light, and humping
his limber spine he will go In for his
mess like a Jap after a Russ cruiser,
rising at Intervals to blow the token
of his happy dip on the rim of your
bib overalls. But remember he s a
calf—the same as you used to be.—
Vermillion (8. P.) Republican.
The best way to warm mllk Is said
to be to place the can ln warm water.
The mllk will need stlrrirg to permit
It to warm r.p evenly.
f Statue of Frederick the Great.
r &2rJz sz
where. These cold uii h illustrating some event in 4*r-
markable tor variety, de cacy ^ bi8torr. and others may have fir
^g7th.rt%^Wrgnb.: often finds It face decorations in sgraffito, or in «,*
iny kluds of sausages cut into thin | ored mosaio.
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Burnette, S. C. The Cordell Weekly Beacon. (Cordell, Okla.), Vol. 8, No. 1, Ed. 1 Thursday, July 28, 1904, newspaper, July 28, 1904; Cordell, Oklahoma. (https://gateway.okhistory.org/ark:/67531/metadc182810/m1/3/?q=%22%22%7E1: accessed April 24, 2024), The Gateway to Oklahoma History, https://gateway.okhistory.org; crediting Oklahoma Historical Society.